2016年高考试题(英语)北京卷-解析版(共42页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2016年普通高等学校全国统一考试（北京卷）英语本试卷共16页，共150分。考试时间为120分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。试题总评：从整体上看难度略有提升，过渡较平稳。试题重点突出，命题思路清晰，重视对思维能力和全面文化素质的考察，强调交际运用。整套试卷很好地体现了语言教学的特色：既融语言及情感、又兼顾知识与能力。一、语法部分难度适中，注重基础知识的考察。考点分布：时态语态（4道），非谓语动词（3道），从句（5道），虚拟语气、情态动词、并列连词（各1道）。二、阅读部分体裁丰富，话题较贴近生活。从完形、阅读到七

2、选五，关注社会、自然以及自我价值的实现。篇幅难度与2015年北京高考基本持平，阅读题目重视细节题目的考察。阅读D篇是一篇议论文，篇幅较长。文章论述了大学在培养学生自主性和认同感方面的重要性，文章有一定的难度，尤其是第70题文章结构题。通过第四段的“equally important”及第五段段首的“moreover”等逻辑词可推知文章结构。三、应用文题材新颖，综合考察了考生的日常积累能力。谈及人物的贡献和对自己的影响时，考生有可能会遇到大量的词汇障碍，故难度较去年明显提升。四、情景作文话题较为常规，整体难度适中。“地球日”系列活动属于保护环境的体裁内容，对于考生并不陌生。第二部分：知识运用（共

3、两节，45 分）第一节单项填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，共 15 分）从每题所给的 ABCD 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例：Its so nice to hear from her again _,we last met more than thirty years ago.A. Whats more B.Thats to say C.In other words D.Believe it or not答案是D。21.Jackin the lab when the power cut occurred.A.works B.has worked C

4、.was working D.would work【答案】C考点：考查时态 【名师点睛】一、过去进行时的构成：was/were+动词的现在分词(-ing) 二、过去进行时的用法：1、表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作，通常与表过去的时间壮语连用。例如：At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天这个时候，我正在收拾东西去露营。2、表移动的动词，如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等词的过去进行时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作。例如：She told me that she was

5、going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假。3、在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后，另一个动作正在进行。例如：It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。4、在叙述或描写过去的事情时，过去进行时经常与其它过去时态，特别时是一般过去时连用。但是过去进行时往往是表示背景。例如：One night, he was t

6、yping in his study. Suddenly, a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity.一天晚上，他正在书房里打字。突然，一个人闯进屋来，切断了电源。22.I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.A.whose B.why C.where D.which【答案】A【解析】试题分析：题目考查定语从句的关系词。a couple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所属关系，故用whose作定语，相当于the

7、 children of whom，故选A。考点：考查定语从句 【名师点睛】定语从句的关系词分为关系代词（who, whom, whose, that, which, as 等）和关系副词（when, where, why等）1. 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语，定语等成分。关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。eg. An architect is a person who / that designs houses and buildings. The city where / in which I was born is

8、 on the new railway line.2. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可省略（非限定性定语从句中不可省略）。eg. I find it difficult to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.I find it difficult to cooperate with the one who always sticks to his own opinion.The suit (which / that ) the

9、 tailor made for me doesnt fit me.3. 非限定性定语从句中，关系词均不可省略。注意关系代词that, 关系副词why, 不可用于非限定性定语从句。4. 作介词宾语的关系代词在限制和非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作介词宾语，即介词+关系代词，whom用于指人，which用于指物，不能用that。eg. The man with whom you shook hands just now is head of our department.Mrs. Nye, with whom you shook hands just now, is head of our dep

10、artment.The room in which my family live used to be a garage.23.Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for?The new Star Wars.Wehere for more than two hours.A.waited B.wait C.would be waiting D.have been waiting【答案】D考点：考查时态【名师点睛】现在完成进行时由“助动词have/has been+ -ing形式”构成。用法如下：1. 现在完成进行时表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去的

11、动作。常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。-Hi, Tracy, you look tired. -I am tired. I have been painting the living room all day.They have been living here for 10 years. 他们住在这里十年了。2. 表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时候刚结束。I have been waiting you for about one hour.。(说话时等的动作刚结束)She has been working all night long.3. 表示重复（只断断续续，而非一

12、直不停） Weve been discussing the matter several times this year. I have been saying goodbye to some friends today.24.Your support is important to our work.you can do helps.A.However B.Whoever C.Whatever D.Wherever【答案】C【名师点睛】主语从句 Subject Clauses (在主语的位置上)1. 从句的连接词可以是that, 也可以是特殊疑问词wh-。That he is a famou

13、s singer is known to us.= It is known to us thatWhether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet.Who will go makes no difference.u It is known to us that he is a famous singer.u It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.本题中，whatever引导主语从句，同时作do的宾语。2. wh和ever 连用的词引导的名词性从句和状语从句的区别l 区分使用

14、wh-和wh-ever: wh 有疑问的意思；wh-ever有肯定强调的意思*Who will be invited hasnt been decided.*Whoever comes here is welcomed.*A reward of $1,000 will be given to whoever can provide any clues to the case.*The gift will be given to whomever I like.l wh-ever 在引导名词性从句时不能用no matter wh-来替换，但在引导状语从句时可以替换Whatever happene

15、d, he would not mind.= No matter what happened, he考点：考查主语从句25.Ihalf of the English novel,and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.A.read B.have read C.am reading D.will read【答案】B考点：考查时态 【名师点睛】现在完成时基本用法：1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, yet, ever, never, just，before 等词连用。例如：Have you ever cooked a

16、t home? 你吃晚饭了吗？You have already grown much taller.你已经长高了许多。2、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。往往和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，常用的有：for一段时间；since+过去时间点或从句。（Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度），提问用How long.例如：It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。 They have learned English for eight years .他们已学了八年的英语了。3、现在完成时需注意的

17、问题：1表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用appear, begin, borrow, lend, buy, close,come, die, fall, find, finish, join, kill, leave, sell, stop等。例如：He has joined the army for five years. （错误）He has been in the army for five years.(正确)注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）I have received his letter for a mo

18、nth.（对）I havent received his letter for almost a month.2不能和明确的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week, in 1998,two days ago等。3have/has been to 和have/has gone to 的区别： have/has been to 去过某地，现在已经回来； have/has gone to 去了某地，在去的路上或已经在那里。4比较一般过去时与现在完成时一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，强调动作，不和现在发生联系，常与具体的过去时间状语连用，如yesterday, last

19、 week，ago, in1980, in October, just now等，；现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，不能与表过去的时间状语连用。I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）He has been a League member for three years. （强调他是团员）现在完成时考点分析：现在完成时除可以和for、sinc

20、e引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。下列句型中常用现在完成时It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since从句This(That / It)is the first(second)time that + 完成时This(That / It)is the only + that + 完成时This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting + that 从句 +

21、完成时在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.26.it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand.A. Made B. Make C. Making D. To

22、make【答案】D考点：考查不定式作目的状语 【名师点睛】一、不定式的作用1、 作主语：不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。如：It took us two hours to finish the job.It is impossible for us to get there on time.It is very kind of you to help us.注意：（1）其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。 （2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is to的句型。试比较： It is to negate my

23、own idea to believe him.（错） To believe him is to negate my own idea .（对） （3）It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of, 否则用 for.2、 作宾语(1) 动词+不定式。如：He managed to escape from the fire.I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语）注：下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：want, try, hope, wish, need,

24、 forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等(1) 动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词，作宾语。如：I dont know what to do next/ how to do it next.I cant decide when to go there.注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it 作形式宾语。如：I find it necessary to learn a foreign lang

25、uage.3、 作宾语补足语(1) 动词+宾语+不定式（to do ）。如：He warned me to be careful.I want you to speak to Tom.What makes you think so? （不带to的不定式） 注：可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有：ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like, advise, invite, allow, help, wish, warn, expect, would prefer, encourage(2) 表见解、看法的动词结构可为：动词+宾语+ to be 的不定式

26、结构。如：We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.The book is believed to be useful.（被动语态）(3) There +不定式。如：We didnt expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。注意：（1）有些动词需用 as 短语作补语，像regard, think, believe, take, consider。如：We regard Eric as our best teacher. 我们认为艾瑞克是我们最好的老

27、师。Mary took him as her father. 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。(4) 在动词feel （一感），hear, listen to（二听），have, let, make（三让），notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。如：They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree.(5) help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to. I of

28、ten help him （to）clean the room. I helped him (to) find his things.4、 作定语不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。如：I have a lot of work to do.（动宾关系）He is looking for a room to live in.（动状关系）He is the first person to think of the idea.（主谓关系）He has got a chance to go abro

29、ad.（同位关系）注意：1.不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，不定式用主动形式表被动。如： Do you have anything else to say? 2.如果作定语的不定式是一个短语，则要保留不定式短语中的副词或介词。如： I need a pen to write with. (I will write with the pen ) (我需要一支钢笔写字) I have a little baby to look after. (I must look after the little baby ) (我有一个婴儿要照看)5. 作状语作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等，有时还有一些固定搭

30、配的不定式短语，如in order to , so as to, soas to, such as to, .enough to, tooto等。(1) 做目的状语，just to, only to （仅仅为了）, in order to, so as to, so(such).as to（如此以便）如：He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。He came to the school to see his son.(2) 作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。如：He hurried to the post o

31、ffice only to find it was closed.He searched the room only to find nothing.(3) 做原因状语。如：We were very excited to hear the news.Im glad to see you.(4) 做条件状语。如：To turn to the left, you could find a post office.6. 作表语不定式可放在be动词后面，构成表语。如：The question is how to put it into practice.My question is when to l

32、eave.His dream is to be a doctor.Her work is to look after the babies.注意：1.不定式在句中作表语时，对应的谓语动词用单数。 2.当主语是不定式时，表语不能用V+ing形式，可用不定式。 如：To see is to believe. （眼见为实）(Seeing is believing. )7独立结构。如：To tell you the truth, I dont agree with you.To make matters worse, it began to rain.二、 不定式的时态和语态1、 不定式的时态(1)

33、现在时：有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。如：He seems to know this. I hope to see you again. (2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如：Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.He seems to have caught a cold.（3） 进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如：He seems to be eating something.（4）完成进行时：表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并有可能持续下去。如：Sh

34、e is known to have been working on the problem for many years.2、 不定式的语态当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，就用被动式。如：He was seen to enter the hall. He asked to be sent to work in Tibet.三、 省to 的动词不定式1、 情态动词（除ought 外，ought to）2、 would rather, had better.3、 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smel

35、l, feel 等后作宾补，省略 to.注意：在被动语态中 to 不能省略掉。如：I saw him dance. He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night.They were made to work the whole night.4、 使役动词 let, have, make.5、 由 and, or 和 than 连接的两个不定式，第二个 to 可以省去。如：He wants to move to France and marry the girl.6、 help 可带 to ,也可不带to, help

36、sb. (to) do sth.7、 Why dont you/Why not8、 but 和 except 前是动词 do 时，后面出现的动词用不带 to 的动词不定式。试比较： He wants to do nothing but go out. He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.9、 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand 等词后，可以省去 to be .如：He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。27.My grandfa

37、ther still plays tennis now and then,hes in his nineties.A.as long as B.as if C. even though D.in case【答案】C考点：考查状语从句 【名师点睛】1. 引导目的状语从句的从属连词。主要的有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。如：He raised his voice so that everyone could hear.他提高了嗓音，以便每个人都能听见。Take your umbrella (just) in case it rains. 带

38、上雨伞，以防下雨。She repeated the instructions slowly in order that he should understand.她把那些指示慢慢重复了一遍好让他听明白。2. 引导结果状语从句的从属连词。主要的有so that, sothat, suchthat等。如：I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat.我去听演讲去得很早, 所以找个好座位。3. 引导让步状语从句的从属连词。主要的有although, though, even though, even if, while, however,

39、 whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever等。如：Although they are twins, they look entirely different.他们虽是孪生, 但是相貌却完全不同。4. 引导方式状语从句的从属连词。主要的有as, as if, as though, the way等。如：Why didnt you catch the last bus as I told you to?你怎么不听我的话赶乘末班公共汽车呢?5. 引导地点状语从句的从属连词。主要的有where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere等。如：Th

40、e church was built where there had once been a Roman temple.这座教堂盖在一座罗马寺庙的旧址。6. 引导比较状语从句的从属连词。主要的有than和asas。如：She was now happier than she had ever been.现在她比过去任何时候都快活。28._ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.A. Ordering B. To orderC. Having ordered D. Ordered【答案】D考点：考查过去分词作

41、状语 【名师点睛】分词作状语1. 分词作时间状语相当于when引导的时间状语从句；on doing sth. =as soon as。2. 分词作原因状语相当于as，since，because引导的原因状语从句。3. 分词作方式或伴随状语不能用状语从句替换，但是可以改写成并列句。4. 分词作条件状语相当于if unless等引导的从句。常见的引导条件状语的分词有given，supposing, considering, provided, compared with等。5. 分词作结果状语相当于so that引导的结果状语从句。分词前常有副词thus，thereby，only等。6. 分词作让

42、步状语相当于though或者even if等引导的让步状语从句。29.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.A. what B. thatC. whether D. why【答案】B考点：考查表语从句 【名师点睛】表语从句 Predictive Clauses (在be动词 后)1. 从句的连接词可以是that, 也可以是wh-的特殊疑问词。The fact is that she never liked him.The question is whether th

43、e movie is worth seeing.The question is who can complete the difficult task.u This/That/It is because I think it is because you are doing too much.u The reason whyis thatThe reason why the play is successful is that it appeals to many different people.2. 只能用whether 的情况* 在表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句中* 在介词后的宾语从句中

44、It all depends on whether they will support us.* 在不定式之前He doesnt know whether to stay or not.* 从句中有or not时He doesnt know whether he should stay or not.30.The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts_ success in the end.A. rewarded B. were rewardedC. will reward D. will be r

45、ewarded【答案】D考点：考查时态和语态 【名师点睛】一般将来时表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall + 动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等）。表示一种趋向或习惯动作。Well die without air or water.表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区别：A shall / will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。B be going to

46、表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如：If it is fine, well go fishing.(正确)If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(错误)C be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。A meeting is to be held at 3:00 oclock this afternoon.D be about to do sth.表示“即将或者正要去做某事”，通常不与时间状语连用,但可与when引导的从句连用，构成常考句型：sb was about to do when sb did s