2013年考研英语二真题及答案解析.pdf

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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money,you might think that we would move quickly to the cashle

2、ss society in which all payments are made electronically.1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner.Indeed,predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition.For example,Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon revolutionize

3、the very 3 of money itself,only to 4 itself several years later.Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper,several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system.First,it is ver

4、y 7 to set up the computer,card reader,and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment Second,paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts,something that many consumers are unwilling to 10.Third,the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of

5、float-it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuers account,which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime.13 electronic payments arc immediate;they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth,electronic means of payment may 14 s

6、ecurity and privacy concerns.We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information 15 there.The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments syst

7、ems and 17 from someone elses accounts.The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task,and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues.A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data.There are

8、 concerns that government,employers,and marketers might be able to access these data,thereby violating our privacy.1.A However B Moreover C Therefore D Otherwise 2.A off B back C over D around 3.A power B concept C history D role 4.A reward B resist C resume D reverse 5.A silent B sudden C slow D st

9、eady 6.A for B against C with D on 7.A imaginative B expensive C sensitive D productive 8.A similar B original C temporary D dominant 9.A collect B provide C copy D print 10.A give up B take over C bring back D pass down 11.A before B after C since D when 12.A kept B borrowed C released D withdrawn

10、13.A Unless B Until C Because D Though 14.A hide B express C raise Dease 15.A analyzed B shared C stored D displayed 16.A unsafe B unnatural C uncommon D unclear 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！优选文库 17.A steal B choose C benefit D return 18.A consideration B prevention C manipulation

11、D justification 19.A cope with B fight against C adapt to D call for 20.A chunk B chip C path D trail Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1 In

12、an essay entitled“Making It in America”,the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated:The average mill only two employees today,”a man and a dog.The manereis tho feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson

13、s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution,which are more rapidl

14、y than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past,workers with average skills,doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle,But,today,average is officially over.Being average just won t earn you what it us It can t when so many more employers have so much more access to

15、so much more above average cheap foreign labor,cheap robotics,cheap software,cheap automation and cheap genius.Therefore,everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes,new technology has been eating jobs forev

16、er,and always will.But there s been an acceleration.As Davidson notes,”In the 10 years ending in 2009,U.S.factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years;roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total-disappeared.There will al

17、ways be changed-new jobs,new products,new services.But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T.revolution,the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over,th

18、ere are many things we need to do to support employment,but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21.The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_ A the impact of technologica

19、l advances B the alleviation of job pressure C the shrinkage of textile mills D the decline of middle-class incomes 22.According to Paragraph 3,to be a successful employee,one has to_ A work on cheap software B ask for a moderate salary C adopt an average lifestyle -2 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除

20、！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！优选文库 D contribute something unique 23.The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that _ A gains of technology have been erased B job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed C factories are making much less money than before D new jobs and services have been offered 24.According to

21、the author,to reduce unemployment,the most important is_ A to accelerate the I.T.revolution B to ensure more education for people C ro advance economic globalization D to pass more bills in the 21st century 25.Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?A New Law Takes Ef

22、fect B Technology Goes Cheap C Average Is Over D Recession Is Bad Text 2 A century ago,the immigrants from across the Atlantic include settlers and sojourners.Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay,and 7millin people ar

23、rived while about 2 million departed.About a quarter of all Italian immigrants,for example,eventually returned to Italy for good.They even had an affectionate nickname,“uccelli di passaggio,”birds of passage.Today,we are much more rigid about immigrants.We divide new comers into two categories:legal

24、 or illegal,good or bad.We hail them as Americans in the making,or our broken immigration system and the long political par alysis over how to fix it.We don t need more categories,but we need to change the way we think about categories.We need to look beyond strick definitions of legal and illegal.T

25、o start,we can recognize the new birds of passage,those living and thriving in the gray areas.We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers,violinists,construction workers,entrepreneurs,engineers,home health-care aides and physicists are among today s birds of passage.They are

26、 energeticsinparticipant global economy driven by the flow of work,money and ideas.They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them,they can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission,they straddle laws,jurisdictions and identities with ease.We need them

27、 to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever.We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require

28、 new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle.Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes.Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in t

29、he existing system.26“Birds of passage”refers to those who_ A immigrate across the Atlantic.B leave their home countries for good.-3 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！优选文库 C stay in a foreign temporarily.D find permanent jobs overseas.27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current imm

30、igration system in the US_ A needs new immigrant categories.B has loosened control over immigrants.C should be adopted to meet challenges.D has been fixed via political means.28 According to the author,today s birds of passage want_ A financial incentives.B a global recognition.C opportunities to ge

31、t regular jobs.D the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated _ A as faithful partners.B with economic favors.C with regal tolerance.D as mighty rivals.30 Choose the best title for this passage.A come and go:big mistake.B living and thriving:

32、great risk.C with or without:great risk.D legal or illegal:big mistake.Text 3 Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions,if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react,we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick,hard-wired responses.S

33、nap decisions can be important defense mechanisms;if we are judging whether someone is dangerous,our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly,within milliseconds.But we need more time to assess other factors.To accurately tell whether someone is sociable,studies show,we need at least a

34、 minute,preferably five.It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality,like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren t exclusive to the interpersonal realm.Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a f

35、ew milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster,even though reading has little to do with eating.We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we re doing,Subjects exposed to-foodfastflashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too

36、 long.Yet we can reverse such influences.If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face(one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling),we can take a moment before buying.If we know female job screeners are more likely t

37、o reject attractive female applicants,we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman,the marriage expert,explains that we quickly“thin slice”information rel only after we ground such snap reactions in“thick sliced-term”studylong.When Dr.Gottman -4 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文

38、档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！优选文库 really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together,he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation;two days,not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals:doge can think a

39、bout the future only intermittently or for a few minutes.But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term.Although technology might change the way we react,it hasn t changed our nature.We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and revers

40、e the high-speed trend.31.The time needed in making decisions may_.A vary according to the urgency of the situation B prove the complexity of our brain reaction C depend on the importance of the assessment D predetermine the accuracy of our judgment 32.Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that sna

41、p decisions_.A can be associative B are not unconscious C can be dangerous D are not impulsive 33.To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions,we should_.A trust our first impression B do as people usually do C think before we act D ask for expert advice 34.John Gottman says that reliable sn

42、ap reactions are based on_.A critical assessment B thin sliced study C sensible explanation D adequate information 35.The author s attitude toward reversing the-speedhigh trend is_.A tolerant B uncertain C optimistic D doubtful Text 4 Europe is not a gender-equality heaven.In particular,the corporat

43、e workplace will never be completely family friendly until women are part of senior management decisions,and Europe s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male.indeed,women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislatio

44、n to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent.This proposed mandate was born of frustration.Last year,Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action.Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 perce

45、nt female board membership.But her appeal was considered a failure:only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?-5 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！优选文库 “Personally,I don t like quot

46、as,”Reding said recently.“But i like what the quotas do.Quotas get action:they“open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,according to Reding,a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Red

47、ing s reluctance-andhr frustration.I don like quotas teither;they run counter to my belief in meritocracy,government by the capable.Bur,when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal,it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all,four decades of evidenc

48、e has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position no matter how much “soft pressure is put”upon them.When women do break through to the summit of corporate power-as,for example,Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Face book th

49、ey attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women-whether CEOs or their children s caregivers-and all families,Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more j

50、ust society.36.In the European corporate workplace,generally_.A women take the lead B men have the final say C corporate governance is overwhelmed D senior management is family-friendly 37.The European Union s intended legislation is _.A a reflection of gender balance B a reluctant choice C a respon