2015年[全套]考研英语二真题和答案解析详解.pdf

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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！专业整理 2014 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(二)试题 Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Thinner isn t always better.A number of studies have _1_ that normal-

2、weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight.And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually _2_.For example,heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women._3_ among the elderly,being somewhat overw

3、eight is often an _4_ of good health.Of even greater _5_ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define.It is often defined _6_ body mass index,or BMI.BMI _7_ body mass divided by the square of height.An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight.Between

4、25 and 30 is overweight.And over 30 is considered obese.Obesity,_8_,can be divided into moderately obese,severely obese,and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9,they are not.Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat.Some people with a high BMI are in fact extreme

5、ly fit,10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11.For example,many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese,though their percentage body fat is low.Conversely,someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an)_14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The ov

6、erweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered.Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness,lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor WORD 完美格式 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！专业整理 biases

7、 against the obese._17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight,and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.1.A denied B conduced C doubled D ensured 2.A protective B dangerous C sufficient Dtroublesome 3.A Instead B However C Likewise D Therefore 4.A indicator B o

8、bjective C origin D example 5.A impact B relevance C assistance D concern 6.A in terms of B in case of C in favor of D in of 7.A measures B determines C equals D modifies 8.A in essence B in contrast C in turn D in part 9.A complicated B conservative C variable D straightforward 10.A so B unlike C s

9、ince D unless 11.A shape B spirit C balance D taste 12.A start B quality C retire D stay 13.A strange B changeable C normal D constant 14.A option B reason C opportunity D tendency 15.A employed B pictured C imitated D monitored 16.A B combined C settled D associated 17.A Even B Still C Yet D Only 1

10、8.A despised B corrected C ignored D grounded WORD 完美格式 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！专业整理 19.A discussions B businesses C policies D studies 20.A for B against C with D without Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions bel

11、ow each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1 What would you do with 590m?This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie,an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small,tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in his

12、tory.If she hopes her new-found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment,she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive.Fantas

13、ies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes.Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat;regret creeps in.It is far better to spend money on experiences,say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton,like interest

14、ing trips,unique meals or even going to the cinema.These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most happiness bang

15、 for your buck.It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work,spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television(something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing,and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or WORD

16、完美格式 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！专业整理 giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself,and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly.This is apparently the reason MacDonalds restricts the availability of its popular McRib-a marketin

17、g trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.Readers of“HappyMoney”are clearly a privileged lot,anxious about fulfillment,not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness,but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones.Yet the link between feeling

18、 good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world,and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people.Not everyone will agree with the authors policy ideas,which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American home

19、buyers.But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent 。21.According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?AA big house BA special tour CA stylish car DA rich meal 22.The author s attitude toward Americans watching TV is Acritical Bs

20、upportive Csympathetic Dambiguous 23.Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that WORD 完美格式 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！专业整理 Aconsumers are sometimes irrational Bpopularity usually comes after quality Cmarketing tricks are after effective Drarity generally increases pleasure 24

21、.According to the last paragraph,Happy Money A has left much room for readers criticism B may prove to be a worthwhile purchase Chas predicted a wider income gap in the us Dmay give its readers a sense of achievement 25.This text mainly discusses how to A balance feeling good and spending money Bspe

22、nd large sums of money won in lotteries C obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent D become more reasonable in spending on luxuries Text 2 An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that,actually,you think you re more beautiful need to feel good about ourselves

23、 and we naturally than you are.We have a deep-seated employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to research into what the call the “above average effect”,or “illusory superiority”,and shown that,for example,70%of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership,93%in driving and 85%at getting on w

24、ell with others all obviously statistical impossibilities.WORD 完美格式 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！专业整理 We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations.We become defensive when criticized,and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem,we s

25、talk around thinking we re hot stuff.Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into self-enhancement and attractiveness.Rather that have people simply rate their beauty compress with others,he asked them to identify an original photogragh of themselves from a lineup

26、 including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive.Visual recognition,reads the study,is “an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”.If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image-which m

27、ust did-they genuinely believed it was really how they looked.Epley found no significant gender difference in responses.Nor was there any evidence that,those who self-enhance the must(that is,the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real)were doing so to make up for pro

28、found insecurities.In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher self-esteem.“I don t think the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion”,says Epley.“It think

29、ing well of themselves .If you Knowing the results of Epley s study,it of themselves Viscerally-on one level,s a reflection simply of people generally are depressed,you wont be self-enhancing.makes sense that why people heat photographs they dont even recognise the person in the picture as themselve

30、s,Facebook therefore,is a self-enhancer s paradise,where people can share only the most flattering photos,the cream of their wit,style,beauty,intellect and lifestyle it s not that people s profiles are dishonest,says catalina toma of Wiscon Madison university,”but they portray an idealized version o

31、f themselves.26.According to the first paragraph,social psychologist have found that _.A our self-ratings are unrealistically high B illusory superiority is baseless effect WORD 完美格式 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！专业整理 C our need for leadership is unnatural D self-enhancing strategie

32、s are ineffective 27.Visual recognition is believed to be people s_ A rapid watching B conscious choice C intuitive response D automatic self-defence 28.Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to_ A underestimate their insecurities B believe in their attractiveness C cover up their de

33、pressions D oversimplify their illusions 29.The word“Viscerally”(Line 2,para.5)is closest in meaning to_.A instinctively Boccasionally Cparticularly Daggressively 30.It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancer s paradise because people can _.Apresent their dishonest profiles WORD 完美格式 欢迎您阅读并下载

34、本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！专业整理 B define their traditional life styles Cshare their intellectual pursuits Dwithhold their unflattering sides Text 3 Up until a few decades ago,our visions of the future were largely-though by no means uniformly-glowingly positive.Science and technology wou

35、ld cure all the ills of humanity,leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Nowutopia has grown unfashionable,as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us,from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change.You might even be tempted to assume that hum

36、anity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced.The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years-so why shouldnt we?Take a broader look at our species place in the universe,and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for

37、tens,if not hundreds,of thousands of years.Look up Homo sapiens in the Red List of threatened species of the International union for the Conversation of Nature(IUCN),and you will read:Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed,adaptable,currently increasing,and there are no ma

38、jor threats resulting in an overall population decline.So what does our deep future hold?A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question.For example,the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking

39、time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully,it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future.The potential evolution of todays technology,and its social consequences,is dazzlingly complicated,and its perhaps best left to science fiction writers and fut

40、urologists to explore the many possibilities we WORD 完美格式 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！专业整理 can envisage.Thats one reason why we have launched Arc,a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerabl

41、e assurance.As so often,the past holds the key to the future:we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet,and our species,to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the p

42、essimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad.To be sure,the future is not all rosy.But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans,and to improve the lot of those to come.31.Our vision of the future used to be i

43、nspired by A our desire for lives of fulfillment B our faith in science and technology C our awareness of potential risks D our belief in equal opportunity 32.The IUCN s“Red List”suggest that human being are A a sustained species B a threaten to the environment C the world s dominant power D a mispl

44、aced race 33.Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?WORD 完美格式 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！专业整理 A Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.B Technology offers solutions to social problem.C The interest in science fiction is on the rise.D Our Immediate fut

45、ure is hard to conceive.34.To ensure the future of mankind,it is crucial to A explore our planet s abundant resources B adopt an optimistic view of the world C draw on our experience from the past D curb our ambition to reshape history 35.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A

46、 Uncertainty about Our Future B Evolution of the Human Species C The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind D Science,Technology and Humanity Text 3 参考答案 31.B.our faith in science and technology 32.A.sustained species 33.D.our immediate future is hard to conceive WORD 完美格式 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！

47、我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！专业整理 34.C.draw on our experience from the past 35.C.the ever-bright prospects of mankind Text 4 Whenthe government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads,railways,broadband and energy.Housing is seldom mentioned.Why is that?To some extent

48、the housing sector must shoulder the blame.Wehave not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth.Then there is the scale of the typical housing project.It is hard to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure project,so it is inevitable

49、that the attention is focused elsewhere.But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.Nevertheless,the affordable housing situation is desperate.Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes.The comprehensive sp

50、ending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this.It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that.The communities minister,Don Foster,has hinted that Geo