2020年考研英语一真题及答案.pdf

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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！.-.可修编.2020 年英语（一）考研真题及参考答案 Section I Use of English Directions：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Even if families are less likely to sit down to eat together than w

2、as once the case,millions of Britons will none the less have partaken this weekend of one of the nations great traditions:the Sunday roast._1_ a cold winters day,few culinary pleasures can _2_it.Yet as we report now,the food police are determined that this _3_ should be rendered yet another guilty p

3、leasure _4_ to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority(FSA)has _5_ a public warning about the risks of a pound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked _6_ high temperatures.This means that people should _7_ crisping their roast potatoes,spurn thin-crust pizzas and only _8_ toast the

4、ir bread.But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice?_9_ studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice,there is no _10_ evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the pound is _11_ to be carcinogenic but have no hard scientific proof._12_ the pre

5、cautionary principle,it could be argued that it is _13_ to follow the FSA advice._14_,it was rumored that smoking caused cancer for years before 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！.-.可修编.the evidence was found to prove a _15_.Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be _16_ up on Sund

6、ay alongside some steamed vegetables,without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine.But would life be worth living?_17_,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods _18_,but to reduce their lifetime intake.However,their _19_ risks ing across as exhortation and nannying.Constant health sca

7、res just _20_ with no one listening.1.A In B Towards C On D Till 2.A match B express C satisfy D influence 3.A patience B enjoyment C surprise D concern 4.A intensified B privileged C pelled D guaranteed 5.A issued B received C ignored D canceled 6.A under B at C for D by 7.A forget B regret C finis

8、h D avoid 8.A partially B regularly C easily D initially 9.A Unless B Since C If D While 10.A secondary B external C inconclusive D negative 11.A insufficient B bound C likely D slow 12.A On the basis of B At the cost of C In addition to D In contrast to 13.A interesting B advisable C urgent D fortu

9、nate 14.A As usual B In particular C By definition D After all 15.A resemblance B bination C connection D pattern 16.A made B served C saved D used 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！.-.可修编.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for t

10、he fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture,a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008.A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in

11、its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world:after town of culture,who knows that will follow-village of culture?Suburb of culture?Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all.A badly run year of culturewashes in and out of a place like the tide,bri

12、nging prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the munity.The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year.They transform the aspirations of the people who live t

13、here;they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right,and requires a remarkable degree of vision,as well as cooperation between city authorities,the private sector,munity groups and cultural organisations.But it can be done:Glasgows year as Europe

14、an capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of plex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art,music and theatre that it remains today.A town of culture could be not just about the arts but about honouring a towns peculiarities-helping sustain its high street,supporting

15、 local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！.-.可修编.21.Copper and her colleague argue that a town of culture award would _.A.consolidate the town city ties in Britain B.promote cooperation among Brains towns C.increase

16、the economic strength of Brains towns D.focus Brains limited resources on cultural events.22.According to paragraph 2,the proposal might be regarded by some as _.A.a sensible promise B.a self-deceiving attempt C.an eye-catching bonus D.an inaccessible target 23.The author suggests that a title holde

17、r is successful only if it _ A.endeavor to maintain its image B.meets the aspiration of its people C.brings its local arts to prominence D.mits to its long-term growth 24.“Glasgow”is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present _ A.a contrasting case B.a supporting example C.a background story D.a related to

18、pic 25.What is the authors attitude towards the proposal?A.Skeptical 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！.-.可修编.B.Objective C.Favorable D.Critical Text 2 Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money.Scientists need joumals in which to publish their research,so they will su

19、pply the articles without monetary reward.Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free,because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free,the publisher needs only fnd a mark

20、et for its journal.Until this century,university libraries were not very price sensitive.Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40%on their operations,at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier,which claims to pu

21、blish 25%of the scientific papers produced in the world,made profits of more than 900m last year,while UK universities alone spent more than 210m in 2016 toenable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to

22、change them.The most drastic,and thoroughly illegal,reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub,a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers,set up in 2012,which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015.The success of Sci-Hub,which relies on researchers passing

23、 on copies they have themselves legally accessed,欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！.-.可修编.shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by fun

24、ding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful.More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms:either freely available from the moment of publication,or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on gener

25、al release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities.Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article.These range from around 500 to$5,000.A report last year poi

26、nted out that the costs both of subscriptions and of thesearticle preparation costs had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status,while huge profi

27、ts are made by a few big firms who run the market places.In both cases,we need a rebalancing of power.26.Scientific publishing is seen as“a licence to print money partly because_A.its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.B.its marketing strategy has been successful.C.its payment for peer review is

28、reduced.D.its content acquisition costs nothing.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！.-.可修编.27.According to Paragraphs 2 and 3,scientific publishers Elsevier have_ A.thrived mainly on university libraries.B.gone through an existential crisis.C.revived the publishing industry.D.financed res

29、earchers generously.28.How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?A.Relieved.B.Puzzled.C.Concerned D.Encouraged.29.It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms_ A.allow publishers some room to make money.B.render publishing much easier for scientists.C.reduce the cost

30、of publication substantially.D.free universities from financial burdens.30.Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?A.Trial subscription is offered.B.Labour triumphs over status.C.Costs are well controlled.D.The few feed on the many.Text 3 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！

31、我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！.-.可修编.Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field.But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills spons

32、ored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad,to ensure gender parity on boards and missions,provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government boards are less than 40 percent female.In order to ensure that

33、elite women have more such opportunities,they have proposed imposing government quotas.If the bills bee law,state boards and missions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia,which last year became the

34、first state to require gender quotas for private panies.In signing the measure,California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law,which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex,is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to

35、 address an important policy interest,Because the California law applies to all boards,even where there is no history of prior discrimination,courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of equal protection.But are such government mandates even necessary?Female partic

36、ipation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the pereentage of women in the general 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！.-.可修编.population,but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference.According to a study by Cataly

37、st,between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring panies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards.That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a n

38、ationwide corporate gender quota.Wrting in The New Republic,Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to agolden skirt phenomenon,where the same clite women scoop up multiple seats o

39、n a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad

40、wills_A.help little to reduce gender bias.B.pose a threat to the state government.C.raise womens position in politics.D.greatly broaden career options.32.Which of the following is true of the California measure?A.It has irritated private business owners.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档

41、！.-.可修编.B.It is weled by the Supreme Court,C.It may go against the Constitution.D.It will settle the prior controversies.33.The author mentions the study by Catalyst to ilustrate_ A.the harm from arbitrary board decision.B.the importance of constitutional guaranees.C.the pressure on women in global

42、corporations.D.the needlessness of government interventions.34.Norways adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to_ A.the underestimation of elite womens role.B.the objection to female participation on boards.C.the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.D.the growing tension b

43、etween labor and management.35.Which of the following can be inferred from the text?A.Womens need in employment should be considered.B.Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.C.Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.D.Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.T

44、ext 4 Last Thursday,the French Senate passed a digital services tax,which would impose an entirely new tax 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！.-.可修编.on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France.Digital services include everything from providing a

45、platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data,and the tax applies to gross revenue from such servces.Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a“GAFA tax,meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to panies such as Google,Appl

46、e,Facebook and Amazon-in other words,multiational tech panies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron,who has expressed support for the measure,and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significa

47、nt controversy,with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American panies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue.Instead,the digital s

48、ervices tax is part of a much larger trend,with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions.These have included Britains DPT(diverted profits tax),Australias MAAL(multinational antiavoidance law),and Indias SEP(significant econ

49、omic presence)test,to name but a few.At the same time,the European Union,Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics,but they are all designed to tax multinationals on ine and revenue that co

50、untries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right.In other words,they all 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！.-.可修编.share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep;up with the current economy.In response to thes