雅思阅读真题集1(附答案).pdf

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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！SECTION 1:QUESTIONS 1-13 READING PASSAGE 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13,which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.William Gilbert and Magnetism A The 16th and 17th centuries saw two great pioneers of modern science:Galileo and Gi

2、lbert.The impact of their findings is eminent.Gilbert was the first modern scientist,also the accredited father of the science of electricity and magnetism,an Englishman of learning and a physician at the court of Elizabeth.Prior to him,all that was known of electricity and magnetism was what the an

3、cients knew,nothing more than that the lodestone possessed magnetic properties and that amber and jet,when rubbed,would attract bits of paper or other substances of small specific gravity.However,he is less well known than he deserves.B Gilberts birth pre-dated Galileo.Born in an eminent local famil

4、y in Colchester County in the UK,on May 24,1544,he went to grammar school,and then studied medicine at St Johns College,Cambridge,graduating in 1573.Later he travelled in the continent and eventually settled down in London.C He was a very successful and eminent doctor.All this culminated in his elec

5、tion to the president of the Royal Science Society.He was also appointed personal physician to the Queen(Elizabeth I),and later knighted by the Queen.He faithfully served her until her death.However,he didnt outlive the Queen for long and died on November 30,1603,only a few months after his appointm

6、ent as personal physician to King James.D Gilbert was first interested in chemistry but later changed his focus due to the large portion of mysticism of alchemy involved(such as the transmutation of metal).He gradually developed his interest in physics after the great minds of the ancient,particular

7、ly about the knowledge the ancient Greeks had about lodestones,strange minerals with the power to attract iron.In the meantime,Britain became a major seafaring nation in 1588 when the Spanish Armada was defeated,opening the way to British settlement of America.British ships depended on the magnetic

8、compass,yet no one understood why it worked.Did the Pole Star attract it,as Columbus once speculated;or was there a magnetic mountain at the pole,as described in Odyssey,which ships would never approach,because the sailors thought its pull would yank out all their iron nails and fittings?For nearly

9、20 years,William Gilbert conducted ingenious experiments to understand magnetism.His works include On the Magnet,Magnetic Bodies,and the Great Magnet of the Earth.E 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Gilberts discovery was so important to modern physics.He investigated the nature of magn

10、etism and electricity.He even coined the word“electric”.Though the early beliefs of magnetism were also largely entangled with superstitions such as that rubbing garlic on lodestone can neutralise its magnetism,one example being that sailors even believed the smell of garlic would even interfere wit

11、h the action of compass,which is why helmsmen were forbidden to eat it near a ships compass.Gilbert also found that metals can be magnetised by rubbing materials such as fur,plastic or the like on them.He named the ends of a magnet“north pole”and“south pole”.The magnetic poles can attract or repel,d

12、epending on polarity.In addition,however,ordinary iron is always attracted to a magnet.Though he started to study the relationship between magnetism and electricity,sadly he didnt complete it.His research of static electricity using amber and jet only demonstrated that objects with electrical charge

13、s can work like magnets attracting small pieces of paper and stuff.It is a French guy named du Fay that discovered that there are actually two electrical charges,positive and negative.F He also questioned the traditional astronomical beliefs.Though a Copernican,he didnt express in his quintessential

14、 beliefs whether the earth is at the centre of the universe or in orbit around the sun.However,he believed that stars are not equidistant from the earth but have their own earth-like planets orbiting around them.The earth itself is like a giant magnet,which is also why compasses always point north.T

15、hey spin on an axis that is aligned with the earths polarity.He even likened the polarity of the magnet to the polarity of the earth and built an entire magnetic philosophy on this analogy.In his explanation,magnetism is the soul of the earth.Thus a perfectly spherical lodestone,when aligned with th

16、e earths poles,would wobble all by itself in 24 hours.Further,he also believed that the sun and other stars wobble just like the earth does around a crystal core,and speculated that the moon might also be a magnet caused to orbit by its magnetic attraction to the earth.This was perhaps the first pro

17、posal that a force might cause a heavenly orbit.G His research method was revolutionary in that he used experiments rather than pure logic and reasoning like the ancient Greek philosophers did.It was a new attitude towards scientific investigation.Until then,scientific experiments were not in fashio

18、n.It was because of this scientific attitude,together with his contribution to our knowledge of magnetism,that a unit of magneto motive force,also known as magnetic potential,was named Gilbert in his honour.His approach of careful observation and experimentation rather than the authoritative opinion

19、 or deductive philosophy of others had laid the very foundation for modern science.Questions 1-7 Reading Passage 1 has seven paragraphs A-G.Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.Write the correct number i-x in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.List of headings 欢迎

20、您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！i Early years of Gilbert ii What was new about his scientific research method iii The development of chemistry iv Questioning traditional astronomy v Pioneers of the early science vi Professional and social recognition vii Becoming the president of the Ro

21、yal Science Society viii The great works of Gilbert ix His discovery about magnetism x His change of focus 1 _ Paragraph A 2 _ Paragraph B 3 _ Paragraph C 4 _ Paragraph D 5 _ Paragraph E 6 _ Paragraph F 7 _ Paragraph G Questions 8-10 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Re

22、ading Passage 1?In boxes 8-10 on your answer sheet,write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN If there is no information on this 8 _ He is less famous than he should be.9 _ He was famous as a doctor before he was employed by t

23、he Queen.10 _ He lost faith in the medical theories of his time.Questions 11-13 Choose THREE letters A-F.Write your answers in boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet.Which THREE of the following are parts of Gilberts discovery?欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！A _ Metal can be transformed int

24、o another.B _ Garlic can remove magnetism.C _ Metals can be magnetized.D _ Stars are at different distances from the earth.E _ The earth wobbles on its axis.F _ There are two charges of electricity.SECTION 2:QUESTIONS 14-26 READING PASSAGE 2 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26,which

25、 are based on Reading Passage 2 below.The 2003 Heat wave It was the summer,scientists now realise,when global warming at last made itself unmistakably felt.We knew that summer 2003 was remarkable:Britain experienced its record high temperature and continental Europe saw forest fires raging out of co

26、ntrol,great rivers drying to a trickle and thousands of heat-related deaths.But just how remarkable is only now becoming clear.The three months of June,July and August were the warmest ever recorded in western and central Europe,with record national highs in Portugal,Germany and Switzerland as well

27、as in Britain.And they were the warmest by a very long way.Over a great rectangular block of the earth stretching from west of Paris to northern Italy,taking in Switzerland and southern Germany,the average temperature for the summer months was 3.78C above the long-term norm,said the Climatic Researc

28、h Unit(CRU)of the University of East Anglia in Norwich,which is one of the worlds leading institutions for the monitoring and analysis of temperature records.That excess might not seem a lot until you are aware of the context-but then you realise it is enormous.There is nothing like this in previous

29、 data,anywhere.It is considered so exceptional that Professor Phil Jones,the CRUs director,is prepared to say openly-in a way few scientists have done before-that the 2003 extreme may be directly attributed,not to natural climate variability,but to global warming caused by human actions.Meteorologis

30、ts have hitherto contented themselves with the formula that recent high temperatures are“consistent with predictions”of climate change.For the great block of the map-that stretching between 35-50N and 0-20E-the CRU has reliable temperature records dating back to 1781.Using as a baseline the average

31、summer temperature recorded between 1961 and 1990,departures from the temperature norm,or“anomalies”,over the area as a whole can easily be plotted.As the graph shows,such is the variability of our climate that over the past 200 years,there have been at least half a dozen anomalies,in terms of exces

32、s temperature-the peaks on the graph denoting very hot years-approaching,or even exceeding,2C.But there has been nothing remotely like 2003,when the anomaly is nearly four degrees.“This is quite remarkable,Professor Jones told The Independent.“Its very unusual in a statistical 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，

33、如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！sense.If this series had a normal statistical distribution,you wouldnt get this number.The return period how often it could be expected to recur would be something like one in a thousand years.If we look at an excess above the average of nearly four degrees,then perhaps near

34、ly three degrees of that is natural variability,because weve seen that in past summers.But the final degree of it is likely to be due to global warming,caused by human actions.”The summer of 2003 has,in a sense,been one that climate scientists have long been expecting.Until now,the warming has been

35、manifesting itself mainly in winters that have been less cold than in summers that have been much hotter.Last week,the United Nations predicted that winters were warming so quickly that winter sports would die out in Europes lower-level ski resorts.But sooner or later,the unprecedented hot summer wa

36、s bound to come,and this year it did.One of the most dramatic features of the summer was the hot nights,especially in the first half of August.In Paris,the temperature never dropped below 23C(73.4F)at all between 7 and 14 August,and the city recorded its warmest-ever night on 11-12 August,when the m

37、ercury did not drop below 25.5C(77.9F).Germany recorded its warmest-ever night at Weinbiet in the Rhine Valley with a lowest figure of 27.6C(80.6F)on 13 August,and similar record-breaking nighttime temperatures were recorded in Switzerland and Italy.The 15,000 excess deaths in France during August,c

38、ompared with previous years,have been related to the high night-time temperatures.The number gradually increased during the first 12 days of the month,peaking at about 2,000 per day on the night of 12-13 August,then fell off dramatically after 14 August when the minimum temperatures fell by about 5C

39、.The elderly were most affected,with a 70 per cent increase in mortality rate in those aged 75-94.For Britain,the year as a whole is likely to be the warmest ever recorded,but despite the high temperature record on 10 August,the summer itself-defined as the June,July and August period-still comes be

40、hind 1976 and 1995,when there were longer periods of intense heat.“At the moment,the year is on course to be the third hottest ever in the global temperature record,which goes back to 1856,behind 1998 and 2002,but when all the records for October,November and December are collated,it might move into

41、 second place/Professor Jones said.The ten hottest years in the record have all now occurred since 1990.Professor Jones is in no doubt about the astonishing nature of European summer of 2003.“The temperatures recorded were out of all proportion to the previous record,he said.“It was the warmest summ

42、er in the past 500 years and probably way beyond that.It was enormously exceptional.His colleagues at the University of East Anglias Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research are now planning a special study of it.“It was a summer that has not been experienced before,either in terms of the temperat

43、ure extremes that were reached,or the range and diversity of the impacts of the extreme heat,said the centres executive director,Professor Mike Hulme.“It will certainly have left its mark on a number of countries,as to how they think and plan for climate change in the future,much as the 2000 floods

44、have revolutionised the way the Government is thinking about flooding in the UK.The 2003 heatwave will have similar repercussions across Europe.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Questions 14-19 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 14

45、-19 on your answer sheet write YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this 14 _ The average summer temperature in 2003 is almost 4 degrees higher than the avera

46、ge temperature of the past.15 _ Global warming is caused by human activities.16 _ Jones believes the temperature variation is within the normal range.17 _ The temperature is measured twice a day in major cities.18 _ There were milder winters rather than hotter summers.19 _ Governments are building n

47、ew high-altitude ski resorts.Questions 20-21 Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR NUMBERS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 20-21 on your answer sheet.What are the other two hottest years in Britain besides 2003?20 _ What has also influenced gover

48、nment policies like the hot summer in 2003?21 _ Questions 22-25 Complete the summary below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 22-25 on your answer sheet.The other two hottest years around the globe were 22 _ The ten hottest years on record all

49、 come after the year 23 _ This temperature data has been gathered since 24 _ Thousands of people died in the country of 25_ Question 26 Choose the correct letter A,B,C or D.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Write your answer in box 26 on your answer sheet.26 _ Which one of the following

50、 can be best used as the title of this passage?A Global Warming B What Caused Global Warming C The Effects of Global Warming D That Hot Year in Europe SECTION 3:QUESTIONS 27-40 READING PASSAGE 3 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40,which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.Amateur N