2020考研英语(一)真题.pdf

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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！-1-2020 年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语一）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Readthe following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on theANSWERSHEET.(10 points)Even if families dont sit down to eat together as frequently as before,mil

2、lions of Britons will nonethelesshave got a share this weekend of one of that nations great traditions;the Sunday roast._1_ a cold winters day,few culinary pleasures can 2 it.Yet as we report now,the food police are determined our health.Thatthis_3_should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure _4_

3、to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority(FSA)has _5_ a public warning about the risks of a compound calledacrylamide that forms in some foods cooked _6_ high temperatures.This means that people should _7_crisping their roast potatoes,spurn thin-crust pizzas and only _8_ toast their bread.Bu

4、t where is the evidence tosupport such alarmist advice?_9_ studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice,there is no _10_ evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is _11_ to be carcinogenic but have no hard scientific proof._12_ theprecautionary

5、 principle,it could be argued that it is _13_ to follow the FSA advice._14_,it was rumored thatsmoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a _15_.Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be _16_ up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables,without the Yorkshire puddin

6、g and no wine.But would life be worth living?_17_,the FSA says it is not tellingpeople to cut out roast foods _18_,but to reduce their lifetime intake.However,their _19_ risks comingacross as exhortation and nannying.Constant health scares just _20_ with no one listening.1.A InB TowardsC OnD Till2.A

7、 matchB expressC satisfyD influence3.A patienceB enjoymentC surpriseD concern4.A intensifiedB privilegedC compelledD guaranteed5.A issuedB receivedC ignoredD canceled6.A underB atC forD by7.A forgetB regretC finishD avoid8.A partiallyB regularlyC easilyD initially9.A UnlessB SinceC IfD While10.A sec

8、ondaryB externalC inconclusiveD negative11.A insufficientB boundC likelyD slow12.A On the basis ofBAt the cost ofC In addition toD In contrast to13.A interestingB advisableC urgentD fortunate14.AAs usualB In particularC By definitionD After all15.A resemblanceB combinationC connectionD pattern16.A m

9、adeB servedC savedD used17.A To be fairB For instanceC To be briefD in general18.A reluctantlyB entirelyC graduallyD carefully19.A promiseB experienceC campaignD competition20.A follow upB pick upC open upD end up欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！-2-Section ReadingComprehensionPart ADir

10、ections:Readthe following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark youranswers on the ANSWER SHEET.（40 points）Text 1A group of labour MPs,among them Yvette Cooper,are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UKtown of culture award.The proposal is that i

11、t should sit alongside the existing city of culture title,which washeld by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for zoz1.Cooper and her colleagues argue that thesuccess of the crown for Hull,where it brought in 220m of investment and an avalanche of arts,out not to beconfined to cities.Brit

12、ain town,it is true are not prevented from applying,but they generally lack the resources toput together a bit to beat their bigger competitions.A town of culture award could,it is argued,become an annualevent,attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the

13、 fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for themuch more prestigious title of European capital of culture,a sough-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 andLiverpool in 2008.A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever ofself-celebration in its de

14、speration to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world:after town of culture,who knows thatwill follow-village of culture?Suburb of culture?Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all.A badly run year of culture washes in and out of aplace like the tide,bringing p

15、rominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community.The reallysuccessful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring inhigh-profile arts events and good press for a year.They transform the aspirations of the people who live there;t

16、hey nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right,and requires aremarkable degree of vision,as well as cooperation between city authorities,the private sector,community.groups and cultural organisations.But it can be done:Glasgows year as European c

17、apital of culture can certainlybe seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art,music and theatre that itremains today.A town of culture could be not just about the arts but about honoring a towns peculiarities-helping sustainits high street,supporting loca

18、l facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21.Copper and her colleague argue that a town of culture award would _.A.consolidate the town city ties in BritainB.promote cooperation among Brains townsC.increase the economic strength of Brains townsD.focus Brains limited r

19、esources on cultural events.22.According to paragraph 2,the proposal might be regarded by some as _.A.a sensible compromiseB.a self-deceiving attemptC.an eye-catching bonusD.an inaccessible target23.The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it _A.endeavor to maintain its imageB.m

20、eets the aspiration of its peopleC.brings its local arts to prominence欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！-3-D.commits to its long-term growth24.“Glasgow”is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present _A.a contrasting caseB.a supporting exampleC.a background storyD.a related topic25.What is the a

21、uthors attitude towards the proposal?A.Skeptical B.Objective C.Favorable D.CriticalText 2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money.Scientists need joumals in which to publish theirresearch,so they will supply the articles without monetary reward.Other scientists perform the specia

22、lised workof peer review also for free,because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production ofscientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free,the publisher needs only find a market for its journal.Until thiscentury,university libraries were not very price

23、sensitive.Scientific publishers routinely report profit marginsapproaching 40%on their operations,at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier,which claims to publish 25%of the scientific papers produced in the world,madeprofits of more than

24、 900m last year,while UK universities alone spent more than 210m in 2016 to enableresearchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despiteincreasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic,and thoroughly illegal,reaction has been the emergenc

25、e of Sci-Hub,a kind of globalphotocopier for scientific papers,set up in 2012,which now claims to offer access to every paywalled articlepublished since 2015.The success of Sci-Hub,which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselveslegally accessed,shows the legal ecosystem has lost l

26、egitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that itworks for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it hasbeen very successful.More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access ter

27、ms:either freely available from the moment of publication,or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers canmake a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities.Publishers have responded to thedemand that they make their

28、product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparingan article.These range from around 500 to$5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both ofsubscriptions and of these“article preparation costs”had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In somewa

29、ys the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free inexchange for the hope of status,while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places.In bothcases,we need a rebalancing of power.26.Scientific publishing is seen as“a licence

30、 to print money partly because_A its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.B its marketing strategy has been successful.C its payment for peer review is reduced.D its content acquisition costs nothing.27.According to Paragraphs 2 and 3,scientific publishers Elsevier have_A thrived mainly on universi

31、ty libraries.B gone through an existential crisis.C revived the publishing industry.D financed researchers generously.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！-4-28.How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?A Relieved.B Puzzled.C ConcernedD Encouraged.29.It can be learned from Para

32、graphs 5 and 6 that open access terms_Aallow publishers some room to make money.B render publishing much easier for scientists.C reduce the cost of publication substantially.D free universities from financial burdens.30.Which of the following characteristics the scientific publishing model?A Trial s

33、ubscription is offered.B Labour triumphs over status.C Costs are well controlled.D The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field.Butall too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that ben

34、efits only the most privileged and doeslittle to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro TemporePatricia Haddad,to ensure gender parity on boards and commissions,provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more th

35、an half the state-government boards are less than 40 percentfemale.In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities,they have proposed imposinggovernment quotas.If the bills become law,state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percentof board seats for women by 20

36、22.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia,which last year became the first state torequire gender quotas for private companies.In signing the measure,California Governor Jerry Brown admittedthat the law,which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex,is probably uncon

37、stitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address animportant policy interest,Because the California law applies to all boards,even where there is no history ofprior discrimination,courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitution

38、al guarantee of equalprotection.But are such government mandates even necessary?Female participation on corporate boards may notcurrently mirror the percentage of women in the general population,but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government inter

39、ference.According to a study by Catalyst,between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of globalcorporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead toless experienced private sector boards.That is exactl

40、y what happened when Norway adopted a nationwidecorporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic,Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for boardmembership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a“golden skirtphenomenon,where the same

41、 elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policiesare largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the

42、 bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad wills_欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！-5-A help little to reduce gender bias.B pose a threat to the state government.C raise womens position in politics.D greatly broaden career options.32.Which of the following is true of the California measure?A

43、It has irritated private business owners.B It is welcomed by the Supreme Court,C It may go against the Constitution.D It will settle the prior controversies.33.The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate_A the harm from arbitrary board decision.B the importance of constitutional guarante

44、es.C the pressure on women in global corporations.D the needlessness of government interventions.34.Norways adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to_A the underestimation of elite womens role.B the objection to female participation on boards.C the entry of unqualified candidates in

45、to the board.D the growing tension between labor and management.35.Which of the following can be inferred from the text?A Womens need in employment should be considered.B Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.C Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.D Major social issues

46、should be the focus of legislation.Text 4Last Thursday,the French Senate passed a digital services tax,which would impose an entirely new tax onlarge multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France.Digital services includeeverything from providing a platform for selling

47、goods and services online to targeting advertising based on userdata,and the tax applies to gross revenue from such servces.Many French politicians and media outlets havereferred to this as a“GAFA tax,meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple,Facebook andAmazon

48、-in other words,multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron,who has expressed supportfor the measure,and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significantcontroversy,with

49、 the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminatesagainst American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue.Instead,the digital servicestax is par

50、t of a much larger trend,with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabetsoup of new international tax provisions.These have included Britains DPT(diverted profits tax),AustraliasMAAL(multinational antiavoidance law),and Indias SEP(significant economic presence)test,t