2023年新高考英语读后续写提分技能续写中的句子的扩展与压缩.docx

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1、2023年新高考英语读后续写提分技能2.02续写中的句子的扩展与压缩不回顾2012年王初明提出读后续写法，通过“读”输入故事的情节主线，细节信息及文体特点，再通过 “续写”，结合输入内容和自身理解，在保持与原文一致的情况下半开放式的设计新的情节，产生协同 效应。根据协同效应的原理，文秋芳进一步提出，输入促进输出，把输入与输出之间有机联系在一起， 提高学习者的输入效能，并将输入中获得的信息吸收内化，最终提高输出的质量。在这些读后续写设计理 念的背后，传达出对续写局部的关键要求，即一定要考生在输入阶段准确地把握住原文的文体风格和基 本情节走向之后，在保持整体一致的前提下续写原文。正如王初明所提倡的

2、，要通过模仿不断获取新的 语言知识，将内容创造与语言模仿有机结合，强力打造语言表达能力，才能做到以读促写，协同提升语言 能力。根据高考命题要求，读后续写阅读局部为350词左右的记叙文，话题贴近考生生活，具有一定的趣味 性，常以人物的经历或事件的开展变化为主，以表达和描写为主要表达方式。这就要求，在考生续写的 150词左右的内容中既要合理地表达故事情节，又要对故事中主要人物的心理活动，动作表情及外部环境 等方面进行生动地描述。而后者恰恰是考生经常忽略或者做得不够的地方。有局部考生写作的内容基本上 是表达情节，缺乏甚至没有任何描写，或者有简单的描写但是语言使用不正确。造成这一情况背后的原因 除了考

3、生语言基础之外还有考生对这一文体内容模仿写作经验过少，阅读量不够等。而在写作与模仿实践 中，对句子扩展或压缩就非常重要。读后续写中的句子扩展在读后续写中，有的同学写的短句过多，内容不具体，缺乏生动性，导致词数不够。我们可以在简 短句的基础上恰当添加定语、状语等修饰成分或增加并列结构等，扩展句子，丰富内容，使表达更具体、 更形象。（一）利用同位语扩充句子同位语主要使用名词短语和同位语从句。例如：（2016年10月浙江卷）She saw her husband.她看到了她的丈夫。There, she saw her husband, a man staring at her, wearing an

4、 expression of relief. 在那里，她看至U T 她的丈夫， 一个正盯着她看的男人，带着宽慰的表情。【分析】在句首添加了地点状语There,在husband后面增加了同位语a man staring at her,其后还 有一个分词短语wearing an expression of relief做状语，补充说明丈夫看着她时 流露出来的表情。这种形 象具体的描写，增加了画面感，也提升了整个句子的层次。（二）利用状语扩充句子添加的状语，可以是副词、非谓语动词、介词短语和状语从句等。例如：（2016年10月浙江卷）Jane walked on.简继续走。Jane walked o

5、n for quite a long time.简继续走了很长时间。With no path to follow, Jane walked on for quite a long time.因为无路可循，简继续走了 很长时间。【分析】添加for quite a long time和with no path to follow两个做状语的介词短语后，句子表达更为生动具体了。（三）利用定语扩充句子定语扩句的主要方式是使用形容词、非谓语动词、介词短语和定语从句等。 例如：His mother works in a big company. 他母亲在一家大公司工作 。His loving mother

6、, who used to be an excellent English teacher in a middle school, now works in a big company.他的慈母，曾经是一名优秀的中学英语老师，现在在一家大公司工作。【分析】我们在主语mother前添加了形容词loving,更形象地说明了 his mother的特征； 在mother 后面添加了 who used to be an excellent English teacher in a middle school,内容 更丰富，让读者更加了解母 亲。（四）递进式扩充句子对先后发生的两个或多个连贯动作，可以采

7、用递进式。主要方式有（1）用and连接； （2）用after that, additionally, furthermore, whats more, to make things worse 等 。例如：Mac then jumped off the bicycle.然后麦克从自行车上跳了下来。Mac then jumped off the bicycle and he was ready to fight against the wolf.麦克从自行车上跳下来，准备跟 狼搏斗。【分析】“跳下自行车”与“准备搏斗”两个连贯动作，让Mac准备跟狼搏斗的形象跃然纸上。 （五）转折式扩充句子表示转

8、折的有but, however等。例如：Jane kept moving.简继续往前走。Jane kept moving, but the farther she walked, the more confused she became.简继续往前走， 但她走得越 远，就越感到困惑。【分析】添加后面的转折分句后，暗示着“她可能迷路了”。（六）因果式扩充句子除了引导原因状语从句和结果状语从句的连词后，还 有due to, owing to, on account of, because of, as a result of等表示原因，therefore, as a result等表示结果。例如：

9、He has broken his leg.他摔坏 了 腿。He has broken his leg and therefore he can t walk.他摔坏了腿，因此不能走路了。读后续写中的句子压缩虽然读后续写的语料不同，但在续写的写作中，根据需要进行语段压缩的方法是可以通用的。常用的 压缩语段的方法有如下几种：1 .摘取法。找出语段材料的主旨句，直接摘取关键成分作为答案。或者将分散在各句中的重要信息找 出来，摘取关键词语，再将其进行连缀。2 .概括法。没有中心句，也没有明显关键词的阅读材料，如果要压缩出主要内容，那么可以采用概括法, 分别用一两个恰当的词语去概括文句的意思，再组合答

10、案。3 .整合法。如果语段材料没有中心句，其表达材料主旨的关键词语可能分散在几个句子中，这就需要 考生将分散在各处的关键词语找出来，将包含重要信息的句子加以综合概括，然后将找出的关键词与概括 出来的内容加以整合，形成符合题干要求的短句。4 .替换法。阅读材料中有能够表达语段主旨的中心句，且中心句中有关键的词语，这时候就可以运用 此法将指示代词替换成语意明确的词语。5 .补充法。阅读材料中有能够表达语段主旨的中心句，但将其压缩成主干后，还需要在中心词前面补 充出修饰、限制性的定语，才能让句意完整明确，这时候就可以运用补充法为主干中心词补出修饰、限定 性的词语。实践强化3础演练（2022山东肥城市

11、教学研究中心模拟预测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使 之构成一篇完整的短文。Spelling was my favorite subject in fourth grade. Every week I memorized the new words, and by Friday I was prepared to take the spelling test. I usually got all the words right. My teacher, Mrs Casazza, usually wrote “Excellent! ”on the top of my pap

12、er.One day, Mrs Casazza announced to the class that we would have a spelling bee （拼字比赛）on Thursday. “Oh, no,“ I thought. Last month when I had to stand in the front of the class and give a book report, my arms shook so badly that it was hard to read my paper. I was very conscious of the twenty-seven

13、 pairs of eyes on me and all I wanted to do was to run back to my seat. A spelling bee would be even worse. I wouldnt have a paper to read from!After lunch on Thursday, Mrs Casazza explained the rules. “Say the word, spell it, and then say it again J she said. Be careful not to repeat any letters. O

14、ne at a time, she pronounced a word fbr each student to spell. Two boys made mistakes right away and had to sit down. With sweaty hands, I waited for my turn. After the girl nextto me correctly spelled her word, Mrs Casazza called my name and said “Your word is echo.9,9“Echo J I started. Then my min

15、d went blank. Everyone was looking at me, waiting for me to speak out the first letter. But I couldnt think. My face got hot and I was unable to finish the word. Mrs Casazza had to let me sit down. Afterwards, Mrs Casazza said it worked so well that she decided to have a spelling bee every Thursday.

16、Afraid that Id mess up again, I didnt want to go to school the following Thursday. Whats wrong?” my mother asked. T told her about the spelling bee and explained that I was nervous when they were all looking at me. “Youre a good speller and you do so well in your tests, so just believe in yourself/9

17、 Mum said. 注意：1 .续写词数应为15。左右；2 .请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。The encouragement from Mum gave me much confidence in myself.“Very good J Mrs Casazza said with a cheerful smile on her face.源语篇句子扩展压缩导引句子扩展原句扩展句Be careful not to repeat any letters.You should be careful not to repeat any letters.With sweaty hands, I

18、 waited for my turn.I waited for my turn while my hands were sweating.句子压缩原句压缩句Every week I memorized the new words, and by Friday I was prepared to take the spelling test.Every week I memorized the new words, and by Friday to take the spelling test.Last month when I had to stand in the front of the

19、 class and give a book report, my arms shook so badly that it was hard to read my paper.Last month standing in the front of the class to give a book report, my arms shook so badly that it was hard to read my paper.【答案】The encouragement from Mum gave me much confidence in myself. Soon the spelling be

20、e was coming again and my word was“piece”. “Piece, I started. CP. 9, The strange feeling that everyone was staring at me began to appear again, but I remembered what Mum had said.Taking a deep breath, I had a big smile on my face. My mind cleared and T concentrated. Now did the word start with P-T o

21、r P-E? T knew this. Wed learned that there is a pie” in“piece”. LE-C-E J I said. Piece.“Very good, “ Mrs Casazza said with a cheerful smile on her face. I did it once, so I knew I could do it again. Throughout the year, I even won a few spelling bees. It worked so well that I had so much fun from th

22、e spelling bee and looked forward to it every Thursday. Thanks to my mother, I wasnt afraid of standing in the front of the class. Now, I have more confidence in myself at school jumping at the chance to give speeches and book reports.【写作解析】本文以人物为线索，讲述了作者四年级时参加拼写比赛，但由于紧张不自信，在第一次比赛 中失败。回到家后，受到妈妈的鼓励，终

23、于战胜自己内心的恐惧，在下一次比赛时有了出色的表现。1 .段落续写：由第一段首句内容“妈妈的鼓励给我我极大的自信”可知，第一段描述作者的妈妈鼓励了作者，于是作者 开始重拾信心并开始认真练习的过程。由第二段首句内容“非常棒！ Mrs. Casazza脸上洋溢着欢快的笑容”可知，第二段描述作者在经过认真的 练习之后，有了很大的进步，得到Mrs.Casazza的认可与赞扬，并取得出色成绩，由此获得了自信。2 .续写线索：妈妈鼓励收获信心认真练习重新比赛获得认可.词汇激活行为类：面带微笑：have a big smile on face-wear a big smile on face ；集中注意力：

24、 concentrate 一 fbcus；抓住机会：jump at the chance 一 take advantage of the opportunity；做某事很愉快： have fun from doing sth.一have a good time in doing sth.情绪类：担忧：be afraid ofbe scared of；给与信心：give much confidencelift ones spirits【典型句式】【句型 1 Taking a deep breath, I had a big smile on my face.（运用 了 非谓语动词作状语）【句型

25、2】It worked so well that I had so much fun from the spelling bee and looked forward to it every Thursday.（运用了 so.that.引导结果状语从句）综合演练1. （2022湖北模拟预测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的 短文。An A for Mrs. BartlettI was sitting next to Missy in my ninth-grade world history class when Mrs. Bartlett announced

26、 a new project. In groups, we were to create a poster around what we were studying.On a piece of paper, we wrote the names of three friends we wanted in our group. After collecting all the requests, Mrs. Bartlett informed us that she would take into consideration the names we chose and would let us

27、know the results the next day. I was a well-rounded top student in the class, so I had no doubt I would get the group of my choice. There were only a handful of sociably decent people in the class, and Missy was one of them. I knew we had chosen each other.The next day, I anxiously awaited the class

28、. After the bell rang, Missy and I stopped talking as Mrs. Bartlett called for our attention. She started to call out names. When she reached group three, Missys name was called. So Im in group three, I thought. The second, third and fourth members of the group were called. My name was not included.

29、 There had to be some mistake!Then I heard it. The last group: Mauro, Juliette, Rachel, Karina. I could feel the tears well in my eyes. How could I face being in that group the boy who barely spoke English, the one girl who was always covered by skirts that went down to her ankles, and the other gir

30、l who was often wearing very strange and unusual clothes with fancy items. They certainly fell into the category of the least popular in our class. They were consideredmisfits （不合群的人）！There must be something wrong! Mrs. Bartlett was such a person of insight, vision and thoughtfulness that she never

31、forgot to bring out the potential of all her students. Oh, how badly I wanted to be with my friends. Finally I was determined to convince her I should be in the good group.注意：1 .续写词数应为150左右；.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Paragraph 1:I fought back tears as I walked up to Mrs. Bartlett.Paragraph 2:Halfway through

32、 the week, I felt myself enjoying the company of these three misfits.【答案】I fought back tears as I walked up to Mrs, Bartlett. Before I opened my mouth, she gently placed a hand on my shoulder, saying with a knowing smile, I know what you want, but your group needs you. So stunned was I that I couldn

33、t utter a single word for a moment. She had seen something in me that I hadnt seen. Suddenly, a mixture of guilt as well as pride seized me. The power of being trusted made me stand straighter. Ill help them. I replied in a firm voice. I couldnt believe it came out of my mouth, but it did.Halfway th

34、rough the week, I felt myself enjoying the company of these three misfits. The project was going smoothly with our joint efforts. Besides, I found out Mauro was struggling with English, Juliette wore long skirts because of her religion and Rachel dreamed to be a fashion designer. They werent misfits

35、, just people that no one cared enough about to try to understand - except Mrs. Bartlett. I was lucky to be given a chance to see other people in a new light. Mrs. Bartlett gave us an A on that assignment, which should be handed back, for she was the one who truly deserved it.2.（2022山东滨州.二模）阅读下面材料，根

36、据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的 短文。When the Gilberts first moved to the city, they began looking for a new home. For their daughter Elise, aged 12, her dream-like house will have a big backyard with grass and flowers.“I hope it will have a tree where there birds can play. Elises brother Frank, a bird-lov

37、er, echoed her more than once.But it was not easy to find a house that pleased them. For six weeks the Gilberts hunted and hunted. At last, they found one and moved into the new house. However, there was not a blade of grass anywhere, or even a small bush. Smooth concrete only! Out of expectation, i

38、n one corner of the yard stood a tall white flagpole. At the foot of the pole was a low place filled to the edge with clear, sparkling water.“I dont suppose that we shall be able to make friends with the birds.” Elise was in low spirits. Frank, biting his lips, said nothing.The next day was Saturday

39、. Elise and her Mum went out shopping as usual. Frank went out into the yard and examined the flagpole fbr a long time. As he stood looking at the hard concrete, he thought to himself, It does seem lonesome.Then something made him look up, two little birds fluttering above the bead around the top of

40、 the flagpole! Well,“ cried the surprised boy, I do believe birds would come here to live if they had only half a chance!”Hearing Franks excited voice, Mr. Gilbert stepped out of the house and neared him. As a matter of fact, his father had already read through Franks mind those days. Do not forget

41、tomorrow is your sisters birthday.”“Of course not!” Frank nodded firmly, Til give her a big surprise and would you please lend me a hand?” “My pleasure!?, 注意：1.续写的词数应为150左右；2 .请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。The two smiled and went down into the cellar.The next morning, high up on the pole was a neat little bird

42、house.【答案】The two smiled and went down into the cellar. That evening Elise borrowed Franks blue pencil. After supper Frank went to the cellar carrying a little wooden house. He showed it to his father proudly. Tomorrow will be Elises birthday. I must get up in time to surprise her he said. The next

43、morning, when Frank and Elise stood looking at the flagpole, they were both surprised at what they saw.The next morning, high up on the pole was a neat little bird house. The neat little bird house with the sign, “House fbr rent. A little below it was another sign, “Bath downstairs with a hand pointing to the foot of the pole. The little low place there was full of clear water. Their parents set the box of beautiful flowers along the little pool. Elise had a happy birthday.