2023年高考复习阅读理解满分考点5-主旨要义之文章大意--讲考点--胸有成竹（教师版）.docx

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1、ability to rotate（旋转）and translate shapes J Levine said in a statement.2023年高考复习阅读理解总分值考点考点5主旨要义之文章大意.讲考点有成竹2022年文章大意考点归纳】、点 题小、文章大意阅读理解2022试卷类型设问考占J /、2022年全国中春阅读 C3L What is the text mainly about?文章大意20212021年3月天津卷C 篇 56. What is the passage mainly about?文章大意2021年6月浙江卷C 篇 10. What is the last para

2、graph mainly about?文章大意20202020年新课标I I卷B 篇 27. What is the text mainly about?文章大意【2023年高考命题预测】文章大意考点是高考中的必考点。一篇一定在表达或传递他的思想，因此，每篇文章一定有 它的中心思想。预测在2023高考中，文章大意题会继续在高考阅读理解中呈现。【主旨大意之文章大意考点指南】规律方法：如何概括文章大意？1、做概括文章大意题时，有效的方法就是识别主题句。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点，文章的中心 思想往往是每段主题句的综合。假设文章无主题句，这就需要我们依据文中的事实、细节、观点去进行分析、 推断和

3、归纳，从而概括出文章大意。2、在选择答案时，根据自己总结的大意，就可以用排除法将干扰项逐个排除。考例分析：B【2020.全国新课标n】Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the

4、 University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition（认矢口）after controlling for differences in parents7 income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.The r

5、esearchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who

6、 did not, on tasks that assessed theirThe parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who p

7、layed with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls.The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.24227

8、 . What is the text mainly about?A. A mathematical method.B. A scientific study.C. A woman psychologistD. A teaching program.【答案】27. B【解析】本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。 27.主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以 是关于科学研究的。B. A scientific study（一项科学研究）符合以上说法，应选B项。C【2020.全国新课标ni】With th

9、e young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation（孤独），more families are choosing to live together.The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law, she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two da

10、ughters.Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol - one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and liv

11、ing room on the ground floor.“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing at a house J says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: We spoke more with Nick because I think its a big thing fbr Nick to live with his mother-in-law.”And what does Nick think? From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Wou

12、ld I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.Its hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2002 to 419

13、,000 in 2013.Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The tot

14、al number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husbands fam

15、ily when they get married.31831. What is the text mainly about?A. Lifestyles in different countries.B. Conflicts between generations.C. A housing problem in Britain.D. A rising trend of living in the UK.【答案】31.D【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面 临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。31 .主旨大意

16、题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation（孤独），more families are choosing to live together.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年 人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上升 趋势。应选D项。【试题精练】1 .D【江西省八校2021-2022学年高三第一次联考】Whether its the slow drifting apart from a ch

17、ildhood friend, the sudden, sharp distance created by a disagreement, or one of the many relationships that have quietly fallen away during the pandemic, losing someone that you thought would always be in your life is deeply jarring.But friendship breakups will happen over the course of our lives, a

18、nd we need to start learning how to deal with them in healthy ways, says friendship coach Danielle Bayard Jackson.The most significant thing we need to do, says Jackson, is normalize the fact that sometimes friendships do end and that can actually be healthy. However, we havent been taught to carry

19、this expectation into our friend relationships.“Were not looking at our friends through a lens （透镜）of Goshhope this works out, but well do that with a romantic partner fbr sure/ says Jackson. With a partner, we wonder if theyYe going to be the one. But with friends, we assume they1 re the one from t

20、he minute we establish that we like each other.”And because we dont view the loss of a friendship as a normal occurrence, it feels like a personal failing when it happens and something we should be ashamed of. Or, as Jackson puts it, “If friendship is supposed to be easy and yours ended, what did yo

21、u do wrong?,But that isnt the case.Friendships, like any relationship, sometimes arent meant to be and even if they are, maintaining them takes real work. Kristen Newton has been interested in this work for years and founded HEART Convos, which aims to help people who feel stuck in unsatisfying frie

22、ndships have the kind of open and honest communication that keeps a friendship healthy.“I think we feel blindsided because we belittle the value and significance of our social connections and friendship. Yet we recognize the weight that they carry when they dont work out, and we experience that hurt

23、 and disappointment J she says.12. What is the text mainly about?A. How to regain a friendship that has ended.B. The loss of a friendship is a normal occurrence.C. Why friendship breaks up over the course of our lives.D. Many relationships have fallen away during the pandemic.【答案】12. B【解析】本文是议论文。文章主

24、要讲述有关朋友和友谊的看法。12.主旨大意题。根据第一段Whether its the slow drifting apart from a childhood friend, the sudden, sharp distance created by a disagreement, or one of the many relationships that have quietly fallen away during the pandemic, losing someone that you thought would always be in your life is deeply ia

25、iring.（不管是否是童年朋友 的缓慢的转变，由意见不合造成的突然的巨大的距离，或者是许多关系在疫情期间渐渐地分开，失去某个 你认为在你人生中会永远在的人是很令人不安）“和第二段But friendship breakups will happen over the course of our lives（但是友谊的破裂在我们的人生中是会发生的广可知，这篇文章主要讲述失去朋友，失去 友谊在人生中是常有的事情。应选B。2.D【陕西省渭南市2022届高三教学质量检测一模】The earliest tomatoes were little sour berries. They grew among

26、 low bushes in dry, sunny places in the Andes Mountains in South America. It was about 350 million years ago.Tomato plants are relative to nightshade （茄属植物），which has poison. The leaves and stems of tomato plants have poison , but the berries are good to eat. The berries are red so that animals can

27、find them easily and eat them. The animals carry the seeds to other places. That was how earliest tomato plants found new places to grow. Tomatoes are also relative to tobacco, chili peppers and potatoes.When people first came to South America about 20,000 years ago, they ate these tiny wild tomatoe

28、s. Travelers brought a few kinds of wild tomato plants from the Andes to Central America, there the ancestors of the Maya began to farm them. Nobody knows exactly when people began farming tomatoes, but it probably was much later than corn and beans, and it was surely before 500 BC. These Central Am

29、erican fanners bred tomatoes to be bigger and sweeter than the wild ones.By the time Spanish explorers got to Tenochtitlan in Mexico in 1521 AD, the Aztec people ere eating a lot of tomatoes, made a sauce of chopped （剁碎的）tomatoes, onions, salt and chili peppers that was a lot like our salsa. The wor

30、d “tomato comes from their Nahuatl word “tomato”.Because tomatoes werent farmed until pretty late, farmers further north had not yet been able to adapt heir growing season to working in North America. Even today, its pretty hard to get your tomatoes ripe in the northern parts of North America before

31、 the growing season ends.15. What is the text mainly about?A. How to grow tomatoes.B. The history of tomatoes.C. When to grow tomatoes.D. The places where tomatoes grow.【答案】15. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了西红柿的历史。15.主旨大意题。阅读文章内容，并根据第一段“The earliest tomatoes were little sour berries.（最早的西红柿 是小的酸浆果）“，第三段第一句When

32、people first came to South America about 20,000 years ago, they ate these tiny wild tomatoes.（大约2万年前，当人们第一次来到南美洲时，他们吃这些小小的野生番茄）”和第四 段第一句By the time Spanish explorers got to Tenochtitlan in Mexico in 1521 AD, the Aztec people ere eating a lot of tomatoes（当西班牙探险家在1521年到达墨西哥的特诺奇蒂特兰时，阿兹特克人吃了很多西红柿广和 最后一段

33、“Because tomatoes weren*t farmed until pretty late,（因为西红柿是很晚才开始种植的）“可知，本文介 绍了西红柿的历史。应选B。3.C【吉林省长春市重点高中2022届高三下学期第三次模拟】One of the greatest challenges in caring for such intelligent animals as chimpanzees （猩猩）is providing them with enriching experiences. Every day, the chimpanzees at Project Chimps re

34、ceive morning and evening food-based enrichment devices, but caregivers are always looking for more ways to keep the chimps mentally engaged. With 79 chimpanzees, each with their distinctive personality, care staff often find that different chimps react differently to new enrichment.Last year, we be

35、gan inviting musicians to perform for chimps to see what they may respond. A violin performance received quite the response. Additional musicians were lined up to visit but the coronavirus has stopped the activities, which we hope to resume in the near future.This past week, we brought an electric p

36、iano for the chimps to investigate. Some chimps, like twins Buttercup and Clarisse, were immediately interested and could not wait to tap out a few notes. Others, like Emma, were more interested in trying to take it apart.29-year-old Precious has very little tolerance for the piano. She sat off to t

37、he side for a few minutes, but eventually she decided that was enough. She called an end to the enrichment session by throwing a handful of waste at the piano. Receiving her message loud and clear, we removed the piano.We could never have guessed how 33-year-old Luke would react to it. As with many

38、retired lab chimpanzees, Luke has some anxiety issues. He seems particularly distrustful of anything new, including people, food, and enrichment. But when we presented the chimps with the piano, Luke was the first to investigate. We could not believe our eyes-this usually anxious chimpanzee bravely

39、chose to explore something new!To us at Project Chimps, this is what it is all about: giving chimpanzees the freedom to choose. We are honored to be part of their journey.11. What is the text mainly about?A. How caregivers care for the retired chimpanzees.B What care staff do to enrich chimpanzees d

40、aily life.C. How chimpanzees are trained through various enrichment.D. What Project Chimps does to observe and study wild chimps.【答案】IL B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了“黑猩猩计划”的护理人员如何通过各种方法丰富黑猩猩的生活的故 事。11.主旨大意题。根据第一段前两句One of the greatest challenges in caring for such intelligent animals as chimpanzees （猩猩）is prov

41、iding them with enriching experiences. Every day, the chimpanzees at Project Chimps receive morning and evening food-based enrichment devices, but caregivers are always looking for more ways to ke叩the chimps mentally engaged.（照顾像黑猩猩这样聪明的动物最大的挑战之一是为他们提供丰富的生活 体验。每天，“黑猩猩计划”的黑猩猩都会收到早晚的伴随食物一起的丰富体验，但护理人员总

42、是在寻找更 多的方法让黑猩猩保持精神状态）”，以及最后一段“To us at Project Chimps, this is what it is all about: giving chimpanzees the freedom to choose. We are honored to be part of their journey.（对于从事黑猩猩计划的我们来 说，这就是它的全部意义：给予黑猩猩选择的自由。我们很荣幸能成为他们旅程的一局部广可知，本文主 要讲述了参与“黑猩猩计划”的护理人员为了丰富黑猩猩的生活而采取的各种措施；选项B意为“护理人员 如何丰富黑猩猩的日常生活”，与原文相符。应选B项。