2022年商务英语复习重点.docx

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1、精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -第一章单词： business商业entrepreneur企业家 Materialresources物力资源humanresources人力资源 Financialresources财政资源informationresources信息资源Manufacturingbusiness制造业tangiblegoods有形财物 Servicebusiness服务型行业middlemen经纪人 Salesrevenue销售收入expense费用Profit利润loss亏损Free-marketsystem自由市场经

2、济purecompetition完全竞争Supply供应demand需求Monopolisticcompetition垄断市场oligopoly垄断寡头Monopoly垄断段落：、 A person who risks his or her time ,effort ,and money to start and operate a business is called an entrepreneur .To organize a business ,an entrepreneur must combine fourkinds of resources :material , human ,f

3、inancial ,and informational .企业家的概念和组成、 Pure competition is the complete form of competition .Pure competition is the marketsituation in which there are many buyers and sellers of a product , and no single buyers or sellers is powerful enough to affect the price of that product. In pure competition

4、,then, sellers and buyers as well must accept the going price. 完全竞争、 Monopolistic competition is a market situation in which there are many buyers alongwith relatively many sellers who differentiate their products form the products of competition .垄断竞争、 An oligopoly is a market situation in which th

5、ere are a few sellers .寡头垄断、 Amonopoly is a market with only only seller.完全垄断其次章单词： sole proprietorship独资企业unlimitedliability无限责任Partnership合伙generalpartner一般合伙人Limitedpartner有限合伙人corporation公司Stock股份stockholder股东Close corporation股份不公开公司opencorporation股份公开公司 Corporatecharter公司执照commonstock一般股 Prefer

6、redstock优先股boardofdirector董事会 Corporate officers公司官员limitedliability有限责任Merger兼并,合并cooperative合作社Jointventure合资企业syndicate财团段落：、In today a business environment , there are three major forms of legal organization : sole proprietorship , partnership , and corporation. 企业的组织形式、 A sole proprietorship is

7、 a business that owned by one person . Sloe proprietorship is the oldestand simplestformofbusiness ownership,and itistheeasiest and start.Inmost可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -instances

8、,the owner simply decides that he or she is in business and begins operations.独资企业、 A partnership is an association of two or more persons to act as co-owners of a business for profit.合伙企业、 A corporation is an artificial person created by law ,with most of legal rights of a realperson .股份公司句子翻译： 1、I

9、 think we should start /make a start/get started.我想我们应当开头/着手开头 /进入正题了吧.2、First of all I d like to introduce/let me introduce two colleagues form our Dalian office.第一我想介绍一下/请答应我介绍一下来自大连办公处的两位同仁.3、Would you like to say a few words about yourselves.请简洁介绍一下你自己好吗？4、Have you all got a copy of the agenda.你

10、们都拿到这项议程的印件了吗？5、If everyone has got a copy of the agenda ,let me first explain the purpose of the meeting.假如大家都拿到这项会议的复印件,请让我先解析一下召开这次会议的目的.6、Now let s look at the agenda in detail.现在让我们争论一下该议程的细节.7、As you can see three are five main points/items.正如你所见,该议程主要说明白5 点.8、I propose /suggest that we take t

11、hem in the following order.我建议我们将这项议题列入下一个项目.9、As we have a lot of get through this morning ,can we agree on the ground rules.由于今日上午我们有很多事情要做,我们是否可以在这些基本的规章上达成一样？10、 Moving to the first point.转入第一要点.11、So, to summarize what has been said so far,.那么,总结以上所述. .12、 keeping an eye on the time 留意把握时间13、 W

12、eer running short of time我们时间不够了. 14 、 Could you please be brief ？ 请 简 单 谈 一 谈 , 好 吗 ？ 15、 Well, I think that covers everything on that point .Lets move on.嗯,我想上述已经包括该要点全部内容,我们接着谈下一点.16、 Id like to propose the following amendments.我建议做如下的修正. 17、 Can we take a vote on that proposal. 我们队这个建议投票,怎么样？ 18

13、、 So ,that motion has been accepted/rejected by 4 vote to 3这样,该项动议以4:3 的投票结果通过/拒绝.第三章单词： management治理,经营accountability会计责任Topmanagers高层治理者middlemanagers中层治理者Supervisor基层治理者rank-and-file workers基层工人 Programmeddecisions 程序化决策informationdistributors信息传播者 Spoke-persons发言人figurehead头面人物Liaison联络人organize

14、rs组织者可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -Risk-takers风险承担者disturbancehandlers 障碍问题处理者Resourceallocator资源配置者negotiators协商者Planning方案strategicplanning长期方案Organizing组织leading领导Leadership style领导

15、风格motivation动力Controlling掌握pre-controls事前掌握Interactivecontrols事中掌握post-control事后掌握Skill技巧management by objective（ MBO ） 目标治理段 落 ： Management is the process of coordinatinghuman ,mater ,financial,and informational resources to accomplish organizationalobjectives efficientlyand effectively .Mangers ar

16、e the employees responsible forthe coordination.Organizationsare groups ofpeople deliberatelyassembled to set , plan, and accomplish specific objectives . If a firm accomplishes its objectives with minimal wastes and costs ,it is said to be efficient.治理过程第四章单词： organization组织organizing组织 Organizatio

17、nchart组织图organizationstructure 组织结构 Jobspecialization工作特的化job rotation工作轮换 Jobenlargement工作扩展jobenrichment工作丰富化departmentalization部门化departmentalizationby function按职能划分部门Departmentalization by produce按产品划分部门 Departmentalization by location按区位划分部门 Departmentalizationby customer按顾客划分部门Delegation授权resp

18、onsibility责任 Decentralizedorganization分权组织centralizedorganization集权组织 Linemanagement position直线式治理职位Staffmanagementposition参谋式治理职位Spanof management 治理幅度organizationheight组织高度Compressedworkweek压缩工作周Flexibleworkweek弹性工作周jobsharing工作共享 Adhoc committee特设委员会standingcommittee常务委员会 Taskforce工作组managerialhi

19、erarchy治理层次 Bureaucraticstructure官僚型结构organicstructure有机型机构 Matrixstructure矩阵型机构informalgroup非正式团体Grapevine私人关系段落：、 Job specialization is the separation of all organizational activities into distinct tasks and the assignment of different tasks to different people. 工作特的化、 The span of management is th

20、e number of subordinates who report directly to one manager.治理幅度、 A bureaucratic structure is a management system based on a formal framework of authority可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -

21、that is carefully outlined and precisely followed.官僚型结构、 An organic structure is a management system founded on cooperation and knowledge-based authority .It is much less formal than the bureaucracy and much more flexible.有机型结构、 The matrix structure is an organization structure that combines vertica

22、l and horizontal lines ofauthority. 矩阵型结构第五章单词： operations management 经营治理 utility效用Formutility形式效用production生产Technology技术research and development争论与开发Designplanning设计方案operationalplanning运营方案Purchasing选购inventories存货Inventoriescontrol存货掌握EOQ经济批量发 Just -in-time inventory system准时库存体系scheduling进度表 G

23、anttchart甘特图表PERT方案与评估审查发 Qualitycontrol质量掌握qualitycircles质量小组Inspection检查robotics机器人化Flexiblemanufacturingsystem柔性生产系统Productivity劳动生产率,生产才能段 落 ： Purchasing consists of all the activities involved in obtaining required materials , supplies ,and parts form other firms .The objective of purchasing is

24、 to ensure that required materials are available when they are needed ,in the proper amounts ,and at minium cost. 采 购翻译：A ： When are you planning to open the factory . 你准备何时开办那家工厂？B： We reckon it will open at the beginning of September. 我会考虑在九月开业.A ： In the meantime are you going to promote your pro

25、duct. 你准备同时宣扬你的产品吗？B： No ,we holp to start selling in September. 不我们期望在 9 月份开头销售 .A : So you don t expect any orders in September.那么你在 9 月不会有什么订单了？B: Probably not ,we anticipate orders will come in form October on-wards. 大致不会, 我们预期从10 月开头接受订单.A ： What level of sales do you forecast for October. 那你估计

26、十月的销售水平如何？B： Well, we project sales of about $200 000. 嗯,我们的方案销售大约 20 万美金A ： That sounds very optimistic .Do you have the figures to support that.听起来前景很乐观,你有什么数字依据吗？第六章单词： humanresourcemanagement人力资源治理HumanresourceplanningReplacementchart替换图人力资源方案skills inventory技艺库Jobanalysis工作分析jobdescription工作说明可

27、编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -Jobspecification工作规范recruiting招工Selection挑选orientation定位Compensation酬劳compensationsystem补偿制度 Wage-leveldecision工资水平决策wage-structuredecision工资结构决策 Individua

28、l-wage decision个人工资决策hourlywages小时工资Salary月工资commissions佣金Bonus奖金profit-sharing利润安排 Employeebenefits员工福利employeetraining员工培训 Managementdevelopment治理开发performanceappraisal绩效评估段落：1、Employmentapplicationsareusefulincollectingfactualinformationonacandidates education ,work experience ,and personal histo

29、ry .the data obtained form applications are usuallyused for two purposes :to identify candidates who are worthy of further scrutiny and to familiarize interviewers with applicants backgrounds.就业申请2、Interviewsprovide an opportunityfor the applicant and the firmto learn more about each other .Intervie

30、ws can pose problems to test the candidates abilities .They can probe employment history more deeply and learn something about the candidates attitudes and motivation.Thecandidate, meanwhile ,has a chance to find out more about the job and the people with whom he or she would be work. 面试翻译 :告知国籍1、Ex

31、cuse me ,where are you form . 请问你从哪里来2、Would you please tell me where are you form . 你能告知我你是哪里人吗？ 3、Are you form Canada. 你是加拿大人吗？ 4、Does she come form japan.她是日本人吗？ 5、Excuse me ,can you tell me your nationality . 对不起,你能告知我你的国籍吗？ 6、Shall I have your nationality . 你能告知我你的国籍吗？告知职业1、A ：What do you do. 你

32、做什么行业B： work as a factory manager.B:I am for an electronics company. B:Iam retried我退休了2、A :Who do you work for.你在哪里做事？B： I work for Bill Electronics Company . B :I am self-employed . 我是个体户3、A ：Where are you based.你的公司在哪里？ B： We are based in Dalian.4、A ：What exactly do you do .详细说你做什么？B： I am in char

33、ge of . 我负责、B： I have been there for six yearsB: Well ,it is not a easy question .It all depends. 这不好说,得看情形可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -图表说明： P161第七章单词： marketing 市场营销marketing concep

34、t 销 售 观念 Consumer orientation 消费者导向goal orientation目标导向 Marketing mix销售组合market segmentation 市场分割Marketresearch市场争论primarydata主数据Secondarydata次要数据brands商标Packaging包装persuasivelabels劝导型标签 Productlife cycle产品寿命周期consumergoods消费品 Shoppinggoods店置品specialitygoods特别品Conveniencegoods便利品industrialgoods工业品Ta

35、rgetmarket目标市场opportunityexploration寻取机会 Screening挑选preliminaryprofitplanning暂时性利润方案 Market mix creation营销组合创意testmarket市场检验Marketintroduction市场导入段落： For any organization , profit oriented or nonprofit , successful use of the marketing conceptrequires a thorough understanding of the target market.On

36、e technique used to develop the understanding is market segmentation the process of separating , identifying , and evaluating thevarious layers of a market in order to design a marketing mix . There are five basic forms of market segmentation : demographic, geographic , psychographic, benefit, and v

37、olume. Their characteristics follow:、 Demographic segmentation is segmentation by age , gender , income or race . 人口细划 、 Geographic segmentation is segmentation by region urban versus rural.（的理细划）、 Psychographic segmentation is segmentation by life-style , personality , values or attitudes.（心理细划）、 B

38、enefit segmentation is segmentation according to product characteristics. （受益细划）、 Volume segmentation is segmentation by using light versus heavy. （使用量细划）营销与销售用语：1、Product quality is falling.产品质量正在下跌.You must/should/need to improve product quality .你们必需要提高产品质量2、Profitability is declining .利润正在下降.You

39、 must/should/need to reduce costs. 你们必需要降低成本.3、Your top sales people are leaving. 你们的高级销售人员正在纷纷离职.You must/should/need to offer them better salaries .你们必需要给他们更加好的工资待遇.4、Your deliveries are always late.你方交货总是推迟.You must improve delivery time .你们必需准时交货.5、Your products are too expensive .你方产品价格太高.可编辑资料

40、 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -You must/should/need to reduce prices. 你们必需要降低产品价格.6、Youre growing too fast .you must to control your growth.你方进展太快, 你们必需掌握进展速度.7、The product is not sufficient

41、ly well known.这产品仍没家喻户晓.You must to extend advertising. 你们必需加大宣扬力度. 8、If demand slumped , we would have to increase advertising. 假如需求下降,我们将不得不增强广告宣扬.9、If we had poor weather , our sales would decrease .假如气候不佳,我们的销售将会下降.10、 If war broke out , we would have to scale down our production.假如战争爆发,我们便不得不缩小

42、生产规模.11、 Sales have fallen since the beginning of June.6 月初开头销售已经下跌.12、 The marketing department has recruited two new assistants so far this year.今年到目前为止销售部已经招进了两位新人员.13、 We start the advertising campaign last month and since then sales have rocketed. 我们上个月开头广告大战,从今销售突飞猛进.14、 We have already sold m

43、ore units this year than we did in the whole of last year.今年销售额早已超过了去年全年的销售额15、 He felt we should not have taken on so many sales people last year . 他感到去年我们不该聘请那么多销售人员.第八章单词：Promotion推销Informativeadvertising信息性广告advertising广告persuasiveadvertising劝购性广告Reminderadvertising提示性广告promotionalmix推销组合Institutional advertising宣扬性广告advocacyadvertising提倡性广告Productadvertising产品广告pioneeringadvertising开拓性广告Comparativeadvertising比较性广告advertisingmedia广告媒介Ad