2022年八级下现在完成时全面知识点.docx

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1、精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -一 现在完成时概念及用法：1 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.常和 just（刚刚）,already（已经）,yet（已经）, never（从不）,ever （曾经）, before （以前）, so far （到目前为止）等时间状语连用.2 表示从过去某一时刻开头始终连续到现在的动作或状态,仍有可能连续下去,常和 for或 since 引导的时间状语连用.此时的动词必需是连续性动词.构成： have/ has 助动词 +V 过去分词确定句：主语 + have/ has+V 过去分词

2、+其他否定句：主语+ have/ has+not+V 过去分词 +其他 一般疑问句： have/ has+主语 + +V 过去分词 +其他确定回答： Yes, 主语 + have/ has.否定回答： No, 主语 + haven t/ hasnt.3 常用标志词语already, never, ever, just, before, so far, yet , since + 过去的时间点 ,for + 一段时间等already 常用于确定句.yet 用于否定句和疑问句.二 常用句型结构辨析（一） have/has been to / have / has gone to / have/ h

3、as been in辨析： have/ has been to +的名“曾经去过某的”,现在已经回到原的.He has been to England twice他曾经去过英国两次. 现在已经不在英国了 Have you ever been to the Great Wall？你到过长城吗.（现在已经不在长城上）have gone to +的名“已经去某的了”, 说话时该人不在现场.He has gone to England.他已去英国了. 已经不在说话的的方,到达英国或者在去英国的路上 have been in +的点待在某的,常与时间段搭配.I have been in Shanghai

4、 for three years.（二） since 与 for 区分：1）for 其后只能接表示“一段时间”的名词性短语,可用于多种时态.表示动作或状态连续的时间长短.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -since 其后接表示 “时间点” 的短语或从句 （一般过去时） .也可以接 “一段时间 +ago”, 常用于 完成时态 .仍用于句型“It

5、 时s+间段 +since+一般过去时态的句子”.表示过去某个时 间发生并连续至说话时的动作或状态.I ve lived in this citfyor five years.He usually sleeps for 12 hours every day. We ve studied heresince 2022.She has worked here for five years. It s two yeasrisnce I came to China.练习：用since 和 for 填 空1. Jim has been in Irelandlast Monday.2. Jill has

6、been in Irelandthree days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia15 days.4. Mike has been illa long time. He has been in hospital0ctober.2）for与 since 引导的时间状语可以进行相互替换My uncle has worked at this factory for five years.=My uncle has worked at this factory since five years ago.练习：I have studied English for f

7、ive years-.- I have studied English.（三） 连续性动词与非连续性动词连续性动词表示经过、经受. 非连续性动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用.I ve known him since then. 表经受He has finished the work.表结果（1）连续性动词与非连续性动词的用法：非连续性动词与短暂性时间（点）连用可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料w

8、ord 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -非连续性动词也被称为终止性动词、 瞬时动词, 表示不能连续的动作, 这种动作发生后立刻终止.如： open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy 等.非连续性动词在确定句中与表示时间点的状语连用,如 two years ago.He joined the Army three years ago.非连续性动词可用于“It is/has been + 时间段 +since”句型It is/has been three years since I

9、 bought the book.从我买这本书到现在3 年了. I began to study English three years ago.It issince Istudy Enlish. I moved to Changchun 5 years ago.Lily finshed her homework 2 hours ago.连续性动词表示能够连续的动作 ,如： learn, work, stand, know, walk, keep, wait, watch, read, sleep, live, stay 等. 连续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语 for+段时间 /since+

10、时间点/since 引导的从句（过去时） /since+ 段时间 +ago 等连用.2非连续性动词与连续性动词之间的转换： 非连续性动词转换为相应的连续性动词/since+ 时间点 /since 引导的从句（过去时）,用于现在完成时态,时间状语为/since+ 段时间 +agofor+ 段时间The old man died 4years ago.=The old man has been dead for 4 years. I borrowedthe book 5 days ago.=I have kept the book since 5days ago.borrow -keepbuy -

11、havecatch a cold -have a coldput on -wearget to know -knowget to sleep -sleep非连续性动词转化为“be+ adj、adv 、prep 、 n”begin/start -be ongo out -be outgetto/arrivein/reach -be indie-be deadopen -be可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料wor

12、d 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -openleave- be awayfinish -be overfall ill -be illget up- be upfall asleep -be asleepjoin -be a member ofgo to school - be in schoolbecome -bemake friends -be friends come/go -be+ 相应的介词短语练习-同义句转换：1 I bought the dictionary last year.I havethe dictionaryone year. 2 The f

13、ilm began 5 minutes ago.The filmfor 5 minutes. 3 His grandfather died 5 years ago.His grandfatherfor 5 years.4 His uncle left the city 2 hours ago.His unclethe city2 hours.三 现在完成时与一般过去时的区分：(1) 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态.现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果.强调的是现在的情形.I saw this film yesterday. I have seen this film.(2) 一般过去时时间状语：yesterday, last year,时间 +ago, in 1990, just now现在完成时时间状语：ever 、never 、yet 、already 、recently、so far可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载