[中考英语]2010年全国地区英语科初中常用270个动词用法及相应短语资料.doc

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1、动 词 汇 总1accept vt.&vi. 接受，同意 receive 收到但不一定接受2ache vi. 痛 n. 疼痛 aches and pains 各种各样的病痛3.achieve vt.完成，实现，到达 n. achievementachieve ones goals 到达目的4.act vi.行动 vt.扮演 其他意思：n. 行为act as 临时担任，充当；扮演的角色；起的作用catch sb. in the (very) act (of doing sth.)(=catch sb. red handed) 当场捉到某人 donkey act 美俚蠢笨的行动 Dutch act

2、 美俚自杀 5.add vt.&vi. 添加，加 add in 算入; 包括add to增加, 加到add up 加起来, 总计; 和预期产总数相等; add up to总计共达; (总起来看)等于说; 意味着6.address vt. 写地址 其他意思：n. 住址，演说accommodation address 临时通讯处be addressed to ab. 寄给7advise vt. 劝告，建议，通知advice un.建议a piece of advice advise sb. to do sth . 建议做8afford vt. 负担得起，买得起，提供 afford time/mon

3、ey (动词前往往有情态动词can或cant)9. agree vt.&vi. 同意，赞成agree like cats and dogs 水火不相容agree to do 同意做。agree with同意.的意见; 与.一致; 对.适合10aim vi. 瞄准，针对 其他意思：n. 目标，目的11.allow vt. 准许 allowance 津贴 allow doing 允许做 allow sb. to do 允许某人做 be allowed to do 被允许做12.answer vt. 答复，答复 其他意思：n. 答案，答复soft answer 温和委婉的答复 answer the

4、door /telephone the answer to the question answer the question = reply to the question 13.arrive vi. 到达 n arrival arrive at/in 到达(目的地); 到达, 得出(结论等)没有明确地点arrive=get to = reach (够到，到达某种水平或数字)14.ask vt. 询问，请求，要求ask sb. for sth 要; 请求, 征求 要(价) 找ask sb. (not) to do sth.15.avoid vt.防止，撤销avoid doing 防止做某事16

5、.awake vt.唤醒 vi.醒 其他意思：adj. 醒着的be wide/broad awake 完全醒着 警觉; 不易上当受骟 完全知道, 充分觉察到awake to the fact that 认识到.的事实 be/keep awake 醒着17 wake v. 醒 wake up 醒来e.g. James usually wakes up early. wake sb up 叫醒e.g. My mother wakes me up at six oclock.辨析： wake多用于不及物动词 waken只用于及物动词 awake指唤醒意志 也可为adj指清醒的18be is am a

6、re was were being been v. 是 存在 aux.v (无词义)Let it be. 随它去be+及物动词过去分词 构成被动语态be+现在分词 构成进行时be+有to的不定式 表示约定 方案 职责 义务 愿望 可能 命运等 The book is to come out. You are not to do that. 你不该那样做.be for 到去 赞成 Im for Shanghai. We are for just war.be from 从来 生在(某处)be gone. 走开,不见了。have been to+次数 去过某地几次have been in +地点+

7、时间段 在某地带了多长时间 19beat v.打败 敲打 (心脏等)跳动 打动(心)win (won won) vt获胜，赢得比赛荣誉等等win在游戏、比赛、竞赛、选举等中获胜，常跟game,race,competition,war等表示物的单词beat 在运动比赛中获胜，打败了其他人或其他队，常跟sb,class,some team等表示人的单词(beat=defeat)n.(连续的)敲打(声) (时钟等的)滴答声 (心脏 脉搏等的)跳动 悸动 节拍 off/on the beat (不)和节拍20bear v. 容忍 负担，孕育 n. 熊bear and forbear 一忍再忍be bo

8、rn in /at 出生born adj 天生的 He was a born poet . 他天生就是个诗人。21become v. 变得 成为表变化的系动词 become be get go22begin v. 开始 在完成时态中须变成be onbegin with 以开始begin to do/doing 开始做to begin with 首先 第一 To begin with, he is too young. Well begun is half done . 良好的开端是成功的一半。23behave v. 行为举止 behavior n. 行为举止behave oneself=beh

9、ave well 24.believe v. 相信 认为 否认前置 believable adj. 可信的believe sb.=believe what sb.saidbelieve in sb.=trust sb believe it or not 信不信由你25belong v. 属于belong to 属于26blow v. 吹blow ones nose 擤鼻子27boat v. 划船go boating/swimming/shopping/sightseeing28book v. 预定 n. 书 bookworm 书虫 book a ticket to the concert 29

10、. borrow v. 借borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物 lend sb. sth = lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人 keep sth for some time 借多长时间30break v. 打破 违反break the rules= be against the rulesbreak down 机器等坏了 车抛锚break into 破门而入break out 火灾，水灾等发生n. 休息 have a break 31.breathe v. 呼吸breathe in/out 吸入/呼出breath n. 呼吸 out of breath 气喘吁吁

11、hold ones breath 屏住呼吸 take a deep breath 深呼吸32build v. 建造build up 确立 树立；促进身体康复33burn v. 燃烧burn daylight 白昼点灯 徒劳无益burn to the ground 烧成灰烬burn up 烧完 燃尽money burns a hole in ones pocket 钱烧包 burnt adj. 烧糊的34buy v. 买buy sth. for sb.=buy sb sth have sth for some time 买了多长时间35call v.叫,叫做,打 n. 叫喊声make a pho

12、ne call to sb 给打 call for要求call off 取消 callin召集call at 访问(某处) (车船等)停靠(某地).call on (1).访问(sb.),(2).号召;要求call back (1).回 ;(2).召回,叫回来call up (1).打 (2).使人想起36. camp n.露营地, 阵营 v露营go camping37.can n.罐头，听头，容器 v.能够1=be able to do2must be 表示肯定的猜测， cant be 表示否认猜测38. cancel v.取消, 删去cancel sth out 抵消cancellatio

13、n n.取消39. carry v.携带, 搬运carry on sth 从事carry on with sth/doing sth继续carry out 开展, 实现, 完成, 进行到底 贯彻, 执行, 落实40. catch v.捉逮, 截住, 捕获,赶上(车、船等)领悟, 听清, 了解, 理会catch up with追上, 赶上,Speak slowly please,I cant catch you .41.cause n.原因, 理由, 缘故; 目标, 事业 v. 引起，使发生cause 指“产生结果的原因 或“使某事发生的原因, 如:Carelessness is the cau

14、se of his failure. 粗心是他失败的原因。reason 指“根据事实、情况或产生的结果,推导出结论的理由或道理, 如:The reason for the flood was all that heavy rain. 那场大雨是发生洪水的原因。42. celebrate v. 举行(仪式); 庆祝(胜利等); 祝贺，赞美, 颂扬，公布, 发表celebration n. 庆祝，典礼43. centre v.集中 n.中心centre around/on 集中于 in the centre of 在的中心44. change n.改变, 变化, 转变, 找回的零钱 v.改变, 变

15、革, 改造, 兑换change ones mind 改变某人主意change into 变成.翻译成Here is your change. 这是找回的零钱。Great changes have taken place in my hometown since I left .45.chant n.圣歌 v.赞美，喃喃地唱46.cheat n.欺骗, 骗子v.欺骗, 骗取47.check n.支票 v.检查, 制止, 核对, 存放, 托运check in 签到; 报到; 办理住宿手续; 48.cheer n.愉快 v. (使)快活, (对)欢呼 cheerful adj 快乐的，欢呼的chee

16、r up 欢呼,振作cheer sb. up 使振作起来cheers ! 干杯！Heres to 为了49choose v.选择, 选定 choice n. 选择 choose to do 选择做 have no choice make a /ones choice 50.circle n.圆周, 圆形物, 派系, 循环 v.围, 环绕in circles 打转转; 毫无进展51.clap n.拍手声, 霹雳声v.鼓掌, 轻拍52.clean adj.清洁的, 干净的, 清白的v.清扫, 使干净, 清扫clean/clear/tidy up 收拾干净 keep the room tidy an

17、d clean 53.climb v.攀登, 爬 n.攀登, 爬54.clone n.无性繁殖, 克隆 v.无性繁殖, 复制55.close v.关, 关闭, 结束, 停止, n.结束adj.近的,亲密的 adv.接近, 紧密地close down 工厂等的关闭， 停歇；电台的停止播音 be close to 和亲近，离近close friends 亲密朋友keep your eyes closed and keep your mouth open 56.cook vt&vi 1.烹调，煮 cook the meal = do some cooking n 厨师 cooker n 厨具 coo

18、kery n 烹饪术57. copy v. 抄，复制；模仿，效仿某人或某事；抄袭 a copycat 盲目地模仿者 n. 抄本，复制品；杂志、书籍、报纸等一本，一册 Eg Did you get your copy of “China Daily today?58.cost 值；花费无被动式 sth cost sb sm(to do)sb spend money/time (in) doing sth./on +n.sb pay money for sth It take sb time to do sth How much does it cost?=What is the price of

19、 it?n. 价格；本钱at the cost of 以为代价at all costs 不惜任何代价 eg. We must avoid war,at all cost. 我们必须不惜任何代价防止战争。 cost of living 生活费用 59.cough vi 咳嗽 n 咳嗽；咳嗽声 have a cough 60.count v.计算；数 count down 倒计时 count in 包括eg If you are planning a trip to Florida,count me in. 如果你们方案到佛罗里达，把我算在里面。 Dont count your chicken b

20、efore they are hatched .不要过早乐观。61cover v. 覆盖，遮蔽；包括，网罗，涉及；旅行，走；采访事件；够； eg.I want to cover 100 miles before it gets dark. 我希望在天黑前走100英里 n. 覆盖物；靠垫；封皮 be covered with/by 由覆盖62create v 创造；创立 create friendships with sbcreation n.创造；创造品creator n. 创造者 造物主 creative adj 有创63cross v.穿过，渡过；across prep. 穿过 外表thr

21、ough prep. 通过 中间 cross adj. 生气的 Your mother will be cross if you are late. n. 十字架 crossing n 十字路口64.cry v. 哭；大声哭喊；叫喊； cry out against 大声疾呼反对 cry out for 急需；迫切需要 eg. The garden is crying out for rain. 这个花园急需雨水。65. cut v.切；坎；删除；减少；停止供煤气、电等 cut down 砍倒 cut up 切开 cut into pieces 切成碎片n.切口，刀伤，伤口；减少，降低；切牌6

22、6.eat v.吃, 腐蚀 eatable adj. 可食用的eat up吃光,eat like a bird吃得极少eat like a horse 吃得多eat like a wolf贪婪地吃, 狼吞虎咽eat ones words食言, 取消诺言, 认错抱歉67end v&n. 结束, 终结, 终止 We play football when school ends.in the end最终地；终于=at last=finally at the end of 在的尽头/末尾by the end of 到时为止后接过去的时间，用过去完成时68enjoy vt.享受.的乐趣, 欣赏, 喜爱e

23、njoyable adj.形容词enjoyment n. 快乐，乐事enjoy oneself过得快乐69enter vt.进入, 参加, 参加, 登录, 开始vi.进去, 戏登场, 参加enter for报名参加 enter the competition 70. examine v&n.检查, 调查, 考试 look sb. over = examine sb 71.excite vt.刺激, 使兴奋, 使冲动vi.兴奋, 冲动 excitement n.72.excuse vt. 原谅, 申辩, n. 借口 excuse me int. 对不起excuse oneself 为自己辩白ma

24、ke up an excuse 编借口73expect vt.期待, 预期, 盼望, 指望, expect (sb.) to do =look forward to doing 74.experience vt.经验, 体验, n(c) 经历, 阅历 n(u)经验experienced adj 有经验的75. explain v. 解释, 说明 explanation n. 76.express vt. 表达, 表示expression n. 短语77.fail fail to do 未能做某事failure n. 失败78.fall fall off 从跌落 =fall down from

25、fall in love(with) (与)坠入爱河fall over 落在上；跌倒 翻车fall behind 落后79.feed feed on 以为食物feed up 供给食物3 be fed up with 厌倦了80.feel feel like doing 想要做某事=would like to do = want to do 作系动词，后加adj. 没有被动态81.fetch 去取来=get take 拿走 take sb to sp /take sth with sb /take sb around sp bring 带来 bring sb sth = bring sth to

26、 sb 82.fight v&n fight against sth. 与抗争fight back 还击fight for 为而战83.fill be filled with 里充满=be full of fill in 填写84.find find out 查出,查明事情的真相 look for 寻找强调动作 find 找到 强调结果 search sb for sth 搜查某地找某物find+it+adj.+(for sb.)+to do sth.85.finish finish doing 完成做某事86.fish v. 钓鱼 n 鱼可数，单复同形。鱼肉 不可数fish in troub

27、led waters 浑水摸鱼 趁火打劫87.fit v. 适宜 大小，肥瘦 suit v 适宜 式样，风格，颜色等88.fix v. 修理=mend=repair 把某物钉在某地88.fly v. 飞 n.苍蝇 Time flies !89.follow v. 跟随.理解，听从 I didnt quite follow what he was saying . It will be better if you follow my advice .90.force v. 强制 force sb to do sth 强迫某人做某事91.forget v. 忘记 forgetful adj 健忘的

28、 forget to do 忘记去做某事 forget doing 忘记做过某事92.freeze v. 冻结；愣住 freezing adj 极冷的 Smile froze on his face . He shouted , “Freeze! 别动！93 get: 得到；到达；取来；变得；理解；准备饭； 患 ；登上车，飞机等 get down: 写下，记下；咽下，拿下 get to: 到达 get on/off a bus: 上/下车； get into/out of(a car): get together; 聚会，相聚 get up: 起床 get in 收割 get sth. don

29、e = have sth done get on well with 94.give: 给，交给，递给；赠送；提供；交付；举 give sb. sth = give sth. to sb,give in: 妥协，让步，屈服give up doing/for sth: 放弃做某事give sth back to sb: 把归还给某人95.go: 去；离开；变得；处于某种状态；去某地 做某事be gone: 离开了，消失了go ahead: 做方案中的事情go back to: 追溯到go by: 经过；时间逝去go for: 试图得到某物go off: 中断；铃大声响；爆炸go on with/

30、doing sth: 继续做某事go on to do sth: 接着做某事另外一件事go out: 出去；火；灯熄灭go over: 仔细查看go through:经历， 仔细检查go bad 变坏质96.grow: 长大；植物生长；种植；逐渐变成；问题变得更大/严重grow up: 长大成人；习惯、习俗形成bring up 抚养grown-up: 成年的；大人 grow vegetables 种蔬菜 grow tall 长高97.guess: 猜测；推测，估计98hand n 手，表的指针 vt 交出，传递hand in hand out hand onhand in hand give

31、sb. a hand on the other hand 99. hang v. 悬挂；吊死，绞死100happen v 发生 happen to sb happen to do. Great changes have taken place in my hometown since 1999.101.hate v 憎恨，厌恶hate doing sth.102.have v 1)有 2)使，让 have sb do have sth. done 3) (dont) have to 4) have done103.hear v 听见 强调结果 1hear sb. do 2) hear sb.

32、doing sth. 3)hear from sb. 4) hear of /about 5)Im sorry to hear that. listen to 听强调动作104heat v. 加热 n 热量105 help v&n 帮助 1help sb. with sth 2)help sb (to)do sth 3) help oneself to + n. 4) cant helping 106. hide v 藏 hide and seek107. hit v打，击中 hit sb. on the back/shoulder/nose/head hit sb in the face/s

33、tomach 108. hold v 拿，举行 hold on (打 专用语)稍等109hope v. 希望 hope to do hope that I hope so.110. hurry v 匆忙 hurry to do = do sth in a hurry 111 .imagine v. 设想，猜测，想象imagine doing sth 例：Its hard to imagine living in a palace.imagine that 例：I magine that youve won a million pounds.imagine someone doing sth 例

34、：I simply cant imagine George helping with the baby!n. imagination 想象力 adj. imaginative 富有想象力的112.improve v. 改善，改良,提高improve yourself 求上进的n. improvement 改良；进步 例：There has certainly been an improvement in his behavior.113include v. 包括，包含 The price includes postage charges.prep. including例：There were

35、20 people in this room, including the teacher.114. increase v./n. 增长increase rapidly 增长迅速increase by/to 增长了/到adj. increasing 增长的 adv. increasingly 越来越多的反义词 v. decrease 减少，降低 115injure v. 使受伤，弄伤 injured adj 受伤的wound v 受伤 n 伤口 wounded adj 受伤的hurt v 疼，伤着 n 精神上的伤痛 adj 受伤的be badly/seriously injured/hurt例

36、：She was badly injured in the accident. 受到枪、剑、刀的攻击而负伤可用wound用其他武器致伤或在事故中受伤用 injured 或hurt 用wound和injure比用hurt严重116、insist v. 坚持，强调insist on doing sth/ n.insist that (坚持让别人做事用虚拟，should+v. 坚持自己做事无需用虚拟)例：Tom insisted that he was mistaken. Tom insisted that everyone should come to the party .117.intervi

37、ew v. 采访have/do an interview with sb = give an interview to sbn. interviewee 接受采访者interviewer 采访者118. introduce v. 介绍 n. introduction 介绍；引言introduce sb to sb/sth例：He introduced us to Thai food.119. invent v. 创造 n. inventor 创造家 invention 创造虚构；捏造 例： The whole story was invented.120. invite v. 介绍invite

38、 sb to spinvite sb to do sthn. 邀请；请柬 invitation 例：Did you get an invitation to the wedding.121.join 连接；参加join sb/team/club/Party/League/army join (sb) in sth/doing sth 跟某人一起做某事take part in the sports meeting 122.jump 跳 the high / long jump jump the queue a queue jumper 123.keep v. 保持keep away keep (

39、sb.) doing keep +adj.keep sb from doing 129. land n. 陆地 v. 登陆 by land 由陆路 on land 在陆地上124. last adj. 最后的 adv.最后 v. 持续 last for 持续多久 at last 最后 =in the end = finally 125. laugh n.& vi. 笑 laughter 笑声 laugh at sb 嘲笑某人126. lie-lied-lied lying lie-lay-lain-lyinglay-laid-laid-laying127. lead 领导； 带着 lead t

40、o 通向； 引导 导致，引起 lead /live a (dogs ) life 过着的生活 lead the way 领路 All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马128. learn 学习 learn to do 学着去做 learn about sth. 了解 learn from sb./ sth. 向学习 learn sth by oneself= teach oneself sth 129. leave 离开 leave for sp. 前往某地 leave sp. for sp. 离开某地去某地 leave sb. alone/ on ones own/ by oneself 把某人单独留在 leave sth. +prep. + sp. 把某物落在某地 leave a message 留言 We have a few minutes left .(作剩下讲，往往用过去分词放在所修饰名词的后面) Leave +n +done/doing/adj 使处于某种状态 He left the room ,leavin