2021-2022学年江苏省镇江市高二上学期五校联考第一次质量检测英语试题 解析版听力.docx

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1、江苏省镇江市2021-2022学年高二上学期五校联考第一次质量检测英语试题一、短对话. What does the man offer the woman?A. A card.B. Coins.C. A note.【答案】B【原文】W: Can you change a five-pound note? I left my card at home and I need to use the ticket machine.M: The machine takes coins. I can give you enough for the price of a ticket.1. How does

2、 the man prefer to travel?A. On foot.B. By subway.C. By bus.【答案】C【原文】W: Buses leave every half an hour, but the subway trains leave every fifteen minutes. Ifs a five-minute walk to the nearest subway station, but its still the fastest way.M: Thats all right. Tm not in a hurry. Td rather take the bus

3、.2. How does the woman feel about her time abroad?A. She is ready for it to end.B. She is proud of the accomplishment.C. She cant wait for another similar opportunity.【答案】A【原文】M: I never thought Id live abroad, but I couldnt pass up this opportunity. I feel a real sense of accomplishment now.W: Thaf

4、s wonderful. I really miss my home, though. I cant wait to get back there, actually.3. Where are the speakers?A. In a living room.B. In a classroom.C. In a garage.【答案】A【原文】M: What a mess! There are papers everywhere. We need to keep our living room tidy.W: Sorry, Dad. I thought you were in the garag

5、e. I was just trying to organize my college补睡眠缺乏带来的不良影响，下文“It could be that the increased activity is counteracting inflammation （炎症），or reducing irregularities in glucose metabolism, suggest the researchers.（研究人员指出，可能是运动量的增加counteracting炎症,或减少葡萄糖代谢 中的不当行为）中在试图解释为什么运动量的增加可以产生正向的作用，那么“the increased a

6、ctivity is counteracting inflammation （炎症）中划线词应该是“阻止、阻碍， 即运动量的增加可以阻止炎症的发生，C项preventing表示“阻止，预防，符合句意。 应选C项。27.推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了一项关于锻炼和睡眠与健康之间的关系的研究, 并介绍了研究的结论：睡眠质量最差且很少锻炼的人死于心脏病、中风和癌症的机率比 睡眠质量好且经常锻炼的人高45%,但对于一个睡眠质量不高但经常锻炼的人来说，这 种风险差异几乎就消失了，由此推知，本文选自研究结论报告。应选A项。A growing body of research is revealing

7、 associations between birth defects （缺陷） and a fathers age, alcohol use and environmental factors, say researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center. They say these defects result from epigenetic changes that can potentially affect multiple generations.The study, published in the American Jour

8、nal of Stem Cells, suggest both parents contribute to the health status of their offspring - a common sense conclusion which science is only now beginning to demonstrate, says the studys senior investigator, Joanna Kitlinska, PhD, an associate professor in biochemistry, and molecular and cellular bi

9、ology.“We know the nutritional, hormonal and psychological environment provided by the mother permanently influences organ structure, cellular response and gene expression in her offspring/ she says.“But our study shows the same thing to be true with fathers - his lifestyle, and how old he is, can b

10、e reflected in molecules that control gene function/7 she says. In this way, a father can affect not only his immediate offspring, but future generations as well/7For example, a newborn can be diagnosed with fetal （胎儿的）alcohol spectrum disorder （FASD）, even though the mother has never consumed alcoh

11、ol, Kitlinska says. Up to 75 percent of children with FASD have biological fathers who are alcoholics, suggesting that preconceptual paternal alcohol consumption negatively impacts their offspring. Advanced age of a father is correlated with elevated rates of certain diseases, and birth defects in h

12、is children. A limited diet during a father preadolescence has been linked to reduced risk of cardiovascular death in his children and grandchildren. Paternal obesity is linked to enlarged fat cells, changes in metabolic regulation, diabetes, obesity and development of brain cancer. Psychosocial str

13、ess on the father is linked to defective behavioral traits in his offspring. And paternal alcohol use leads to decreased newborn birth weight, marked reduction in overall brain size and impaired cognitive function.“This new field of inherited paternal epigenetics needs to be organized into clinicall

14、y applicable recommendations and lifestyle alternations/ Kitlinska says. “And to really understand the epigenetic influences of a child, we need to study the interplay between maternal and paternal effects, as opposed to considering each in isolation/ 28. Whats the message the writer conveys in the

15、passage?A. Both parents contribute to the health status of their offspring.B. Fathers age and lifestyle are tied to birth defects.C. Father plays a more critical role in birth defects.D. Birth defects can potentially affect multiple generations.29. What can we infer from the example in Paragraph 5?A

16、. FASD can only be diagnosed in a newborn whose father is addicted to alcohol.B. A newborn will not contract FASD if his mother has never consumed alcohol.C. A father lifestyle can negatively impact his offspring.D. Most children have biological fathers who are alcoholics.30. Which of the following

17、situations is less likely to lead to childrens birth defects?A. Having a father with a limited diet.B. Having a father who is an alcoholic.C. Having an overweight father.D. Having a father with psychosocial stress.31. What will the research probably continue to focus on in the part that follows?A. T

18、he maternal epigenetic influences of a child.B. The ways to avoid negative paternal influence on children.C. The clinical application of the research findings.D. The interaction between maternal and paternal effects.【答案】B28. CA29. D【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，研究说明父亲的年龄、饮酒和环境因素与孩童 的出生缺陷相关。28. 细节理解题。由第一段中的A

19、 growing body of research is revealing associations between birth defects （缺陷）and a fathers age, alcohol use and environmental factors, say researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center.（乔治敦大学医学中心的研究人员说，越来越多 的研究正在揭示出生缺陷与父亲年龄、饮酒和环境因素之间的联系）可知，父亲的年 龄和生活方式与出生缺陷有关。应选B项。29. 推理判断题。由第五段中的“Up to 75 per

20、cent of children with FASD have biological fathers who are alcoholics, suggesting that preconceptual paternal alcohol consumption negatively impacts their offspring.（高达75%的FASD儿童的亲生父亲都是酗酒者，这说明概念上的 父亲饮酒会对他们的后代产生负面影响）可知，父亲饮酒会对他们的后代产生负面影 响，说明父亲的生活方式会对后代产生负面影响。应选C项。30. 细节理解题。由第六段中的A limited diet during

21、a fathers preadolescence has been linked to reduced risk of cardiovascular death in his children and grandchildren.（如果父亲在青春 期之前限制饮食，那么子孙后代心血管死亡的风险就会大大降低）可知，限制饮食的 父亲，其子孙心血管死亡风险降低，这不太可能导致儿童出生缺陷。应选A项。 31.推理判断题。由最后一段“This new field of inherited paternal epigenetics needs to be organized into clinically

22、applicable recommendations and lifestyle alternations,“ Kitlinska says. And to really understand the epigenetic influences of a child, we need to study the interplay between maternal and paternal effects, as opposed to considering each in isolation. （Kitlinska在新闻发布会上说：“我们建议将父亲影响表观遗传的新发现应用 于临床，而父亲也应该

23、相应地改变他们的生活方式。为了能真正理解表观遗传对孩子的 影响，我们需要了解母亲和父亲对孩子的相互作用，而不能将父母双方对孩子的影响分 开考虑。）可知，作者认为要真正理解表观遗传对孩子的影响，我们需要了解母亲 和父亲对孩子的相互作用。由此推知，文章接下来会研究母亲和父亲效应之间的相互作 用。应选D项。Ivy League schools are considered to be the most prestigious of all colleges in the United States. These schools are primarily located in the Northea

24、stern part of the country. There are eight total colleges that are considered to be Ivy League. These schools are Brown, Harvard, Cornell, Princeton, Dartmouth, Yale, and Columbia universities and the University of Pennsylvania. Of all institutions of higher learning, these elite schools are conside

25、red to be the most outstanding and the most sought-after in terms of acceptance and graduation.The term Ivy League came about in 1954 when the NCAA athletic conference for Division I was formed. At the time, the elitism of these schools was really due to their prestige in the realm of sports like ba

26、sketball. Although the term Ivy League was not created until the 1950s, many of these schools were in existence as far back as 1636, when John Harvard became the first benefactor of Harvard University.Although this group of elite schools is considered to be part of one big league of the elite, there

27、 have been plenty of internal rivalries over the years. The sports that these colleges play were so popular that some teams began playing games in New York City so spectators could come from far away and watch the games. The popularity of both the athletes who played and the college team rivalries b

28、rought in a good deal of attention to the schools as well as revenue from ticket sales. There have also been academic rivalries between schools. Mostly, these rivalries are a matter of opinion in terms of which school has the most honor graduates, which schools offer the most prestigious scholarship

29、s, and what famous graduates have come from each school.Each Ivy League college has its own unique accomplishments that make it important. All caiTy a certain reputation with them, and each school has programs that excel primarily in the medical and law fields, making them some of the most sought-af

30、ter schools in the world. Their admission process is very selective, which helps the schools ensure that they only accept the best and brightest. Many famous people have graduated from Ivy League schools, including recent presidents George W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and Barack Obama. This prestige leads

31、 many to believe that these colleges are only for the wealthy and elite. Often, companies look for Ivy League graduates as potential employees, usually preferred by law firms, medical facilities, and large corporations. It has long been coveted to have earned a degree from an Ivy League school. Toda

32、y, the Ivy League schools are still excellent in both academia and in sports, and they have left a legacy of higher education with an exceptional track record and reputation to go along with them.32. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Ivy League schools were initia

33、lly famous for their reputation in sports.B. Ivy League schools didnt come into existence until the 1950s.C. Ivy League schools do not compete with each other within the league.D. Ivy League schools are most popular for their excellence in the medical and law fields. 33. Which of the following aspec

34、ts is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. The history of the Ivy LeagueB The rivalry of the Ivy LeagueC. The accomplishments and cultural impacts of the Ivy LeagueThe future development of the Ivy League34. Why do many people believe that Ivy League colleges are only for the wealthy and elite? A. Becaus

35、e they are the most sought-after schools in the world.B. Because they have selective admission process to help ensure the quality of their students. C. Because many famous people have graduated from Ivy League schools.D. Because many companies look for Ivy League graduates as potential employees.35

36、. What does the underlined word “coveted in the last paragraph probably mean?A. advocatedB. desiredC. restrictedD. sponsored【答案】A32. DC33. B【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了常青藤联盟大学的组成，历史由来，以及成就和文化 影响。【详解】.推理判断题。根据第三段“The popularity of both the athletes who played and the college team rivalries brought in a good d

37、eal of attention to the schools as well as revenue from ticket sales.（比赛的运发动和大学队的竞争的名声给这些学校带来了大量的关注也带来了门 票销售的收入）可知，常青藤大学最初有名是因为它们在体育上的名声，与选项A符合, 应选A。1 .细节理解题。根据第二段“The term “Ivy League came about in 1954 when the NCAA athletic conference for Division I was formed.（这个术语“常青藤联盟是在 1954 年全美 大学生体育协会第一分会成立

38、的时候出现的。）可知，这是讲常青藤联盟的历史。与A 符合。根据第三段“Although this group of elite schools is considered to be part of one big league of the elite, there have been plenty of internal rivalries over the years. （尽管这组精 英学校被认为是精英大联盟的一局部，但是这些年来也有许多内部竞争。）可知，这是 讲常青藤联盟的竞争。与B符合。根据最后一段“Each Ivy League college has its own unique

39、 accomplishments that make it important.Today, the Ivy League schools are still excellent in both academia and in sports, and they have left a legacy of higher education with an exceptional track record and reputation to go along with them.（每个常青藤大学者口有 自己独一无二的使自己很重要的成就如今，常青藤联盟学校依旧是在学术和运动方 面很优秀。且它们已经留

40、下高等教育的财产，拥有出色的业绩记录和荣誉。）可知，这 是讲常青藤联盟的成就和文化影响,与C符合。所以D选项“The future development of the Ivy League（常青藤联盟的未来开展）没有提到，应选D。2 .细节理解题。根据最后一段“Many famous people have graduated from Ivy League schools, including recent presidents George W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and Barack Obama. This prestige leads many to belie

41、ve that these colleges are only for the wealthy and elite.（许多 名人已经从常青藤联盟学校毕业，包括近期的总统George W. Bush, Bill Clinton,和 Barack Obamao这种名声使许多人认为这些大学只是让有钱人和精英来上的）可知，许 多人认为常青藤联盟大学只是让有钱人和精英来上的，是因为许多名人从这些学校毕 业，应选C。3 .词义猜测题。根据最后一段Often, companies look for Ivy League graduates as potential employees, usually pr

42、eferred by law firms, medical facilities, and large corporations. It has long been coveted to have earned a degree from an Ivy League school/7 （经常，公司寻找常 青藤联盟大学毕业生作为未来的员工。毕业生常常喜欢法律公司，医疗设施公司和大公 司。长久以来，人们都coveted能够获得常春藤联盟大学的学位。）可知，常青藤大学毕 业的学生能找到很好的工作，因此人们都渴望获得常青藤的学位。由此可知，划线单词 表示“渴望，与选项B“desired 1想要；渴望）

43、符合。应选B。五、七选五Mindless Eating :You may also be a mindless eater!Every one of us has moments of mindless eating. For example, you may unintentionally munch through a whole bag of chips while watching TV. 36. People tend to reach out for food as an easily available when they are upset, bored or stressfu

44、l. However, when we consume various snacks mechanically, we end up feeling more unhappy and even guilty.Mindful eating: enjoy your food!37 . It means paying attention to the present moment with curiosity, openness as well as kindness. It means being present with your food and eating process with all

45、 your consciousness and awareness.Before eating, you should assess whether you are hungry or not. Ask yourself honestly: Am I truly physically hungry or do I just want to use food as a way to escape the unwanted feelings hidden in the depth of my heart? If it is so, what are they? Boredom, depressio

46、n, stress or fear? 38.You should eat only when you are hungry.During the eating process, you should eat slowly without distractions of any kind. Don*t watch TV or be glued to your cell phone screens.39. Chew and savor each and every bite and fully appreciate this moment.It is also very important tha

47、t you should never lose track of your feelings: feel the decrease in hunger and increase in fullness of your stomach. About halfway through the meal, you need to check in with yourself and ask the question: Am I satisfied? Do I need to keep eating? Stop when you are satisfied and no longer hungry. 4

48、0.Start practice mindful eating now and you will benefit a lot from it!A. Always remember those negative emotions will never get handled by simply eating food. B Instead, you should direct all your attention to the food in front of you.C. This conscious check-in and honest self-inquiry have proved t

49、o be effective in preventing overeating.D. Mindfulness is exactly the opposite of mindlessness.E.You should often keep in mind you must feel your level of hunger.F.However, you should choose those healthier stuff that can energize your body.G.More often than not, we eat not because of hunger but for comfort.【答案】G34. DA35. BC【分析】这是一篇说明文