2022年高中英语名词的用法及练习道题 .docx

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1、精品_精品资料_高中英语名词用法名词可以分为专出名词和一般名词,专出名词是某个 些 人,的方, 机构等专有的名称, 如 Beijing ,China 等.一般名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如：book,sadness 等.一般名词又可分为下面四类：1个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体,如：gun.2集体名词：表示假设干个个体组成的集合体,如：family .3物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物,如：air.4抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如：work .个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来运算,称为可数名词, 物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目运算,称为不行数名词.归纳一下

2、,名词的分类可以以下图表示：名词 专出名词 不行数名词一般名词 物质名词抽象名词集体名词可数名词个体名词1.1 名词复数的规章变化 情形 构成方法 读音 例词一般情形加 -s 清辅音后读 /s/ map-maps浊辅音和元音后读/z/ bag-bags /car-cars以 s, sh, ch, x 等结尾 加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches以 ce, se, ze,等结尾 加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licenses以辅音字母 +y 结尾 变 y 为 i 再加 es 读 /z/ baby-babies可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精

3、品资料_1.2 其它名词复数的规章变化1 以 y 结尾的专出名词,或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s 变复数.例如： two Marysthe Henrysmonkey-monkeysholiday-holidays2 以 o 结尾的名词,变复数时：a. 加 s,如： photo-photospiano-pianos radio-radioszoo-zoos .b. 加 es,如： potato-potatoestomato-tomatoesc. 上述 a 和 b 两种方法均可,如zero-zeros / zeroes.3 以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词变复数时：a. 加 s,如： be

4、lief-beliefsroof-roofssafe-safesgulf-gulfs .b. 去 f,fe 加 ves,如： half-halvesknife-knivesleaf-leaveswolf-wolves wife-wiveslife-livesthief-thieves .c. 上述 a 和 b 两种方法均可,如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves .1.3 名词复数的不规章变化1 child-childrenfoot-feettooth-teeth mouse-miceman-menwoman-women留意： 由一个词加 m

5、an 或 woman 构成的合成词, 其复数形式也是-men 和-women ,如 anEnglishman ,two Englishmen .但 German 不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans.Bowman 是姓,其复数是the Bowmans .2 单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish ,Chinese,Japanese ,li ,jin ,yuan, two li ,three mu,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_four jin 等.但除人民币的元、 角、格外, 美元、英镑、 法郎等都有复数形式. 如：a dollar, two dollars; a me

6、ter, two meters .3集体名词,以单数形式显现,但实为复数.例如：people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people, a police , a cattle,但可以说 a person,a policeman , a head of cattle, the English , the British , the French, the Chinese, the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用,如 The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳英勇的.4 以 s 结

7、尾,仍为单数的名词,如：a. maths, politics , physics 等学科名词,一般是不行数名词,为单数.b. news 为不行数名词.c. the United States, the United Nations应视为单数.The United Nations was organized in 1945.联合国是 1945 年组建起来的.d. 以复数形式显现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数.例如：The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book.一千零一夜是一本特别好玩的故事书.5 表示由两部分构成的东西,如：gl

8、asses 眼镜trousers,clothes 等,假设表达详细数目,要借助数量词pair 对,双 ;suit套 ; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 等.6 另外仍有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特殊意思,如：goods 货物, waters 水域,fishes各种鱼.1.4 不行数名词量的表示1物质名词a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数.比较： Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物.不行数These cakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃.可数可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_b. 当物质名

9、词表示该物质的种类时,可数.例如：This factory produces steel.不行数We need various steels.可数c. 当物质名词表示份数时,可数.例如：Our country is famous for tea.我国因茶叶而著名.Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶.2 抽象名词表示详细的事例时也可数.例如：four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations 四个现代化物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表肯定的数量,如a glass of water 一杯水 / a piece of advice一就建议.5. 定语名

10、词的复数名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外.1 用复数作定语.例如：sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 同学阅览室talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department外语系2 man, woman, gentleman 等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定.例如：men workerswomen teachersgentlemen officials 3 有些原有 s 结尾的名词,作定语时,s 保留.例如：goods train 货车 arms produce武器生产customs paper

11、s 海关文件 clothes brush 衣刷4 数词 +名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式.例如： two-dozen eggs两打鸡蛋a ten-mile walk十英里路two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan.一个五年方案可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_1.6 不同国籍人的单复数国籍 总称谓语用复数单数 复数中国人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese 瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss澳大利亚人 the Australians an Australian two Aus

12、tralians俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians 意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians 希腊人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks法国人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen 日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese 美国人 the Americans an American two Americans 印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians加拿大人 the Canadi

13、ans a Canadian two Canadians德国人 the Germans a Germans two Germans英国人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes1.7 名词的格英语中有些名词可以加s 来表示全部关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的全部格,如： a teachers book.名词全部格的规章如下：1 单数名词词尾加 s ,复数名词词尾没有s,也要加 s ,如 the boys bag男孩的书包, mens room 男厕所.2 假设名词已有复数词尾-s

14、 ,只加 ,如： the workers struggle工人的斗争.3 凡不能加 s 的名词,都可以用 名词+of + 名词 的结构来表示全部关系,如：the title of the song 歌的名字.4 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词全部格的后面经常不显现它所修饰的名词,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_如： the barbers 理发店.5 假如两个名词并列,并且分别有s,就表示 分别有 .只有一个 s,就表示 共有.例如：Johns and Marys rooms 两间John and Marys room 一间6 复合名词或短语,s 加在最终一个词的词尾

15、.例如：a month or twos absence名词综合练习题：1. It won t make muchwhether you agree or not.A. difficultyB. troubleC. differenceD. matter2. No one has yet succeeded in explaining theof how life began.A. causeB. problemC. reasonD. puzzle3. You must get there within an hour. There should be noin sending this inf

16、ormation to him.A. questionB. problemC. quarrelD. delay4. I can t give you the card without Smith s.A. agreementB. allowingC. permissionD. perfomance5. What impressed me most was that they never lost.A. heartsB. heartC. their heartD. their hearts6. Though I spoke to him many times, he never took any

17、of what I said.A. remarkB. observationC. attentionD. notice7. I went to buy aof China Daily.A. pieceB. sheetC. lotD. copy8. Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first.A. intentionB. purposeC. attemptD. desire可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_

18、9. There are usually at least twoof looking at every question.A. meansB. directionsC. viewsD. ways10. We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into.A. factB. realityC. practiceD. deed11. She is young for the job, but on the other, she is well trained.A. wayB. situationC. chanceD. hand12. T

19、he most importantof his speech was that we should all work whole-heartedly for the people.A. pointB. senseC. spotD. view13. -I dlike informationaboutthemanagementofyourhotel,please.- Well, you could haveword with the manager. He might be helpful.A. some; aB. an; someC. some; someD. an; a14. He told

20、me he had been offered a very well-paid.A. businessB. serviceC. workD. position15. Each player must obey, who is the leader of the team.A. captainB. a captainC. the captainD. captains16. It wasthat he had to ask for help.A. such big a workB. a so big jobC. a so big workD. such a big job17. He droppe

21、d theand broke it.A. cup of coffeeB. coffee s cup C. cup for coffeeD. coffee cup18. What. Where did you get them.A. big fishB. a big fishC. a piece of big fishD. big a fish19. He leftwith my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon.He said he would keep.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_A. words; h

22、is wordsB. word; his wordC. word; wordD. the word; his words20. The new law will come intoon the day it is passed.A. effectB. useC. serviceD. existence21. We held a party inof our Australian teacher, Meggi.A. prizeB. honorC. praise D. pride22. -Tom, will you boys play soldiers outside. There s not e

23、nough for you boys here.-But we can play in the next, can t we.A. places; placeB. room; roomC. rooms; spaceD. house; rooms23. - Is this bridge made of.- Yes, it is made of 2300 huge.A. stone; stoneB. stones; stonesC. stone; stonesD. stones; stone24. -Mum, I m going to visit my aunt. What about a wee

24、k.- A week is too long. Try to be back in aof days.A. numberB. dozenC. fewD. couple25. Mrs. Green tried hard to find a job but she had no.A. luckB. timeC. hopeD. chance26. His daughter is always shy inand she never dares to make a speech to.A. the public; the publicB. public; the publicC. the public

25、; publicD. public; public27. Fast-food restaurants areto us all.A. of many helpsB. a great help可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_C. great helpsD. much help28. These young people are now making an activeto beautify 美化 our city.A. partB. effortC. decisionD. plan29. - What you like may not be what I like.-Yes, o

26、ne man s meal is another man s.A. poisonB. medicineC. mealD. food30. He said that twowould come to our school the next day.A. woman scientistB. women scientistC. woman scientistsD. women scientists31. Myallhard for the people.A. family; workB. family; worksC. families; workD. families; works32. Dr.

27、Jones orderedfor the laboratory.A. two equipmentsB. two pieces of equipmentsC. two pieces of equipmentD. two equipment pieces33. - Where have you been.-I ve been to.A. the TurnersB. the TurnersC. Mr. TurnersD. the Turners34. Many children have to see the films forA. grown-upB. growns-upC. grown-upsD

28、. growns-ups35. I told about some of the terribleI had had in the war.A. experienceB. experiencesC. experiencingD. experienced things36. The table is onlyhigh.A. two-footB. two footC. two-feetD. two feet37. These days I employed twoin my house.A. man-servantsB. men-servantC. man-servantD. men-servan

29、ts38. That s.A. James and Charles fatherB. James and Charless fatherC. Jamess and Charless fatherD. Jamess and Charles father39. is published daily.A. TimeB. TimesC. The TimeD. The Times可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_40. There are manyin big.A. ladies driver; citysB. lady drivers; citiesC. ladies drivers, citiesD. ladies driver; city可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载