2022年最新高考英语语法必考点与常考点归纳 .docx

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1、精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -2022 高考英语语法必考点与常考点归纳一、冠词冠词分为不定冠词（a, an ）,定冠词（ the ）,和零冠词.I. 不定冠词的用法1 指一类人或事,相当于a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2 第一次提及某人某物,非特指A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你.3 表示“每一”相当于every , oneWe study eight hours a day.4 表示“相同”相当于the sameWe are nearly of

2、an age. Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_用于人名前,表示不熟悉此人或与某名人5有类似性质的人或事 Sorry,wrong number. There isnt Smith here.A.不填B. aC. theD. oneMr.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_That boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷锋）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_6用于固定词组中a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry,

3、 have a walk, many a time可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_用于 quite, rather, many, half, what,7such 之后This room is rather a big one.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_8 用于 soas, too, how+形容词之后9 用于抽象名词具体化的名词前She is as clever a girl as you can wish tomeet.success 抽象名词 a success具体化 胜利的人或事a failure失败

4、的人或事 a shame带来耻辱的人或事 a pity惋惜或遗憾的事 a must必需必备的事a good knowledge of熟知把握某一方面的学问可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_II. 定冠词的用法In many placesinChina, bicycleisstill可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_1 表示某一类人或物 popular means of transportation.A. a; theB. /; aC. the; aD. the; the可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学

5、习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 49 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -2 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_表示说话双方都明白的或上文提到过的3人或事Would you mind opening the door.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_4 用于演奏乐器play the viol

6、in, play the guitar5 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach, the living, the wounded Could you tellmethe way to Johnsons, please.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_表示“一家人”或“夫妇”（对比上文的6不定冠词用法5） Sorry,we don t haveJohnson here in the village.A. the; theB. the; aC. /; theD. the; /可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_用

7、于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级7前He is the taller of the two children.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_用于国家党派等以及江河湖海,山川群岛8的名词前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_9用于表示创造物的单数名词前The compass was invented in China.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_在逢十的复数数词之前,指世纪的某个年1

8、0代in the 1990 s 二十世纪九十岁月可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_11 用于表示度量单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour.12 用于方位名词,身体部位名词He patted me on the shoulder.III. 不用冠词（又名零冠词）的用法可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_专出名词,物质名词,抽象名词,人名1的名等名词前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_名词前有thi

9、s,my, whose, some, no,2each, every等限制Iwant thisbook,notthatone./ Whosepurse is this.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_季节,月份,星期,节假日,一日三餐3前March, Sunday, National Day, spring可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_4 表示职位,身份,头衔的名词前Lincoln was made President of America.5 表示球类,棋类等运动的名词前He likes playing football/chess.可编辑资料 - - -

10、欢迎下载精品_精品资料_6 与 by 连用表示交通方式的名词前Wewent rightround tothe west coastby seainsteadofdrivingacross 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 49 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -continent.A. the; the B.不填. theC.the

11、;不 填D.不填.不填7 以 and 连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife,knifeand fork,day and night8 表示泛指的复数名词前Horses are useful animals.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_I. 名词的种类二、 名词和主谓一样可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_专出名词一般名词可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_国名的名人名,团体机构名称可数名词不行数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_特殊

12、留意 : 名词类别的相互转换个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_例句意义名词性质可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_She heldsome flowersinher hand.The trees are now in flowerYouth is beautiful.He is a youth of twenty Theyhaveachievedremarkable success in their work. How about the Christmas eveningparty. I should say it was a succe

13、ss.花儿个体名词开花抽象名词青春抽象名词年轻人个体名词胜利抽象名词胜利的事个体名词可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_物质名词与个体名词的相互转换例句意义名词性质Iron is a kind of metal.铁物质名词Please lend me your iron.熨斗个体名词He broke a piece of glass.玻璃物质名词He broke a glass.玻璃杯个体名词I bought a chicken this morning小鸡个体名词 Pleasehelpyourselfchickentosome鸡肉物质名词可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品

14、资料_具有动作意义的抽象名词加用与某些动词（如： have 等）连用,表示某一次短暂的动作抽象名词与个体名词的转换 I d like information about the management of your hotel,please. Well, you could have word with the manager. He mightbe helpfulA. some,aB.an,someC.some,someD.an,a They sent uswordof the latesthappenings.消息 （抽象名词）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 -

15、 - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 49 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_表示学问和时间的抽象名词转换为一般名词时可以用来表示 其中的一部分抽象名词转换为一般名词可用来表示“一次、一阵、一种”具体的行为、大事、现象或结果.这时名词前往往有形容词修饰A.aB.anC./D.the Could we havewordbeforeyou go toth

16、emeeting.话（个体名词）A.aB.anC./D.the类 例 ： haveadream/arest/asmoke/aswim/atrip/awash/a discussion/a looktakeawalk/abathmake anadvance 进 步 /makeanearlystart早点动身 /make a decision/make a change/give a cry ofpain 发出痛楚的叫声 /give a try Many people agree that knowledge of English is a must in international trade

17、today.A.a, /B.the, anC.the, theD./, thea knowledge of truth知道实际情形give a fuller knowledge of China供应关于中国更为翔实的学问have a knowledge of shorthand有速记的学问 Iftherewere no examination,we shouldhave atschool.A.the happiest timeB.a more happier time C.much happiest time D.a much happier timeis money.A.The timeB.

18、A timeC.TimeD.Times Oh, John. you gave me.A.How a pleasant surpriseB.How pleasant surprise C.What a pleasant surpriseD. What pleasant surprise She looked upwhen I shouted.A.ina surpriseB.inthesurprise C.insurpriseD.in some surprise其它例子： The giftcameas a completesurpriseto me. Wehavehad some unpleasa

19、nt surprise It is work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_II. 名词的数A. so unusualB.such unusualC.suchan unusual D.so an unusual可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_规章名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式, 一般在单数形式后面加-s 或-es（参看有关语法书） .英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规章的,请看下表III. 主谓一样规就例词man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,可编

20、辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_1 转变名词中的元音字母或其他形式goose-geese, mouse-mice可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_2 单复数相同sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish, species可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 49 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品

21、_精品资料_3 只有复数形式ashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods, glasses, compasses, contents可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_4 一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police, cattle, staffaudience,class,family,crowd,couple,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）5也可以作复数（成员）6复数形式表示特殊含义加-sgroup,committee,government,population, crew, team, pub

22、lic, enemy, partycustoms 海关 , forces军队 , times时代 , spirits心情 , drinks饮料 , sands沙滩 ,papers 文件报纸, manners礼貌 , looks外表 ,brains头 脑 智 力 ,greens青 菜 , ruins废墟 Americans,Australians,Germans,Greeks, Swedes, Europeans可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_表示“某7国人”单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精

23、品资料_8合成名词以-man 或 -woman 结尾的改为 -men,-women将主体名词变为复数无主体名词时将最终一部分变为复数Englishmen, Frenchwomensons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by, story-tellers, boy friendsgrown-ups, housewives, stopwatches可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_将两部分变为复数women singers, men servants规情况举例就语His father is working on the farm.To study English

24、 well is not easy.Readinginthesun isbad foryour eyes. What he saidis veryimportantforus all.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_以单数名词或代词动词不定式短语,动名法词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式.主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式.一由连接词 and 或 bothand 连接起来的主致语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词.但如所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语就用单数形式.由and连接的并列单数主语前假如分别有no,原each,every或morethana an/one

25、,many a an修饰时,其谓语 动词要用单数形式.either, neither,由 what 引导的主语从句, 后面的谓语动词多数情形用单数形式,但如表语是复数或what 从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式.what I bought were three English books. What I say and do is are helpful for you.Lucy and Lily are twinsThe writer and artist has come.Every student and every teach is in the class

26、room.Many a boy and many a girl likes it. No boy and no girl likes it.Each of us has a new book. Is everyone here today.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 49 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - -

27、- 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_each, every或 no+单数名词和由some, any no, every构成的复合不定代词,都就作单数看待. .Somebodyisspeakinginclass.Everything around us is matter如 none of后面的名词是不行数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数.如它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以.None of the sugar was left.None of us has have been to America.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资

28、料_在定语从句里,关系代词 that, who, which 等作主语时, 其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一样.在强调句型中应与被强调部分一样假如集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数形式.假如它指的集体的成员,其谓语动词用复数形式由 a lotof/lotsof/plentyof/a heap of/heaps of/the restof/themajority of+ 名词构成的短语以及由分数或百分数+名词构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数要依据短语中后面名词的数而定.在倒装句中, 谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一样Those who want to go please write th

29、eir names on the blackboard.He is one of my friends who are working hard.He istheonlyone ofmy friendswho is working hard.ItisIwho am goingtothecinema tonight.Itiswe whoaregoingtothecinematonight.Thepolicearelookingforthelost child.The cattleare eatinggrassinthe field.His family has moved to the sout

30、h .他的一家 His family are watching TV.（他的家人） Class four is on the third floor. （ 四 班 ） Class Four are unable to agree upon amonitor.（四班的同学）Therearealotofpeopleinthe classroom.Three-fourthsof the surfaceof the earthis sea.50 percent of the students in our class are girls.此外,仍有a number of +复数名词有类似的用法（用复数

31、） ,但 the number of +复数名词的数就得依number 而定（用单数） . A number of studentshave gone to the farm to help the farmer pick apples.The number of pages inthisbook isthree hundred.There comes the bus.On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result.Such are the facts.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品

32、资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 49 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -Between thetwo hillsstandsa monument.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_What, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数,也可是复数, 主要靠意思来打算.表示时间重量长度价值等的名词的复数 逻作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式,这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整辑体.

33、意如英语是书名名格言剧名报名国名等的 复数形式,其谓语动词通常用单数形式.义表数量的短语“one and a half”后面接一复数名词作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式.致一 些 学 科 名 词 是 以 -ics结 尾 , 如 ：mathematics, politics, physics以及原news, works等.都属于形式上是复数的名词,实际意义为单数名词,就它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式.trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes, scissors 剪刀 等词作主语时,谓语用 复数,但假如这些名词前有athe pair of等量词修饰时（clothes被 a

34、 suit of修饰）谓语动词用单数.“定冠词the+ 形容词或分词” ,表示某一类人动词用复数.如表示某一类东西时, 动词用单数.就当两个主语由either or, neither nor,近notonlybutalso,whetheror连接时,/谓语动词和邻近的主语保持一样, 即就近远一样.一致there be句型中be 动词的单复数取决原于其后的主语.假如其后是由and连接就的两个主语, 就应与靠近的那个主语保持Which is your bag. Which are your bags.Are any of you good at English. Has any of you go

35、t a pen.All can be done has been done. All is going well.All have been taken out. All have gone to Beijing.Thirty minutes is enough for the work. Twenty pounds is too dear.如强调这类词的复数意义,就谓语动词要用复数形式Fortykilosofwaterareused everyday. The UnitedStatesissmallerthanChina.“ The ArabianNights ” isan interest

36、ingstory-book.One and ahalfapples isleft onthe table.The paper works was built in 1990.这家造纸厂建于1990 年.I don t thinkphysicsiseasy tostudy.My glasses are broken.The pair of shoes under the bed is his.The old are taken good care of there. The beautiful gives pleasure to all.Either the teacher or the stu

37、dents are our friends.Neither he nor they are wholly right. Neither they nor he is wholly right.Is neither he nor they wholly right. There are two chairs and a desk in the room.There is a desk and two chairs in the可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 4

38、9 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -一样,即就近一样.room.Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_主 语 后 面 跟 有with,togetherwith,except, but, like, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, besides, along

39、 with, including, in addition to等引起的短语, 谓语动词要跟主语一样,即就远一样.A woman with a baby was on the bus.NobodybutJimandMikewasonthe playground.She, like you and Tom, is very tall.The girlsas wellas the boy have learned to speak Japanese.No one exceptmy teachersknows anything about it.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_I. 代词可以分为以下八大类三、代词可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_人称代1词宾格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them形容词性物my, your, his, her, its, our, their主代词名词性物主