2022年虚拟语气语法总结 .docx

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1、精品_精品资料_虚拟语气在英语文法中有三种语气,即直述式语气Indicative Mood 、祈使语气Imperative Mood和虚拟语气 Subjective Mood,其中前两种我们早已熟识了, 这里就不多谈了, 如： How beautiful she is. 就是直述式语气, 而 Hurry up. Dont hurry up 就是祈使语气. 我们主要来看看虚拟语气的主要用法. 虚拟语气主要是用来表达一种无法实现的愿望,一种与事实相反的情形,或者将不行能实现的,或可能性很小的事实, 假想为事实予以表述. 这样的动词结构称为虚拟语气. 它主要有三种形式, 即与现在事实相反的假设, 与

2、过去事实相反的假设, 与将来事实相反的假设.它们详细结构如表.虚拟语气的构成种类条 件 句 结构主 句 结 构可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_与现在事实相反动词用过去式be 动词用 wereShould/could动词原形would/might 动词原形可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_与过去事实相反的用 had过去分词Should/couldhave过去分词would/might have过去分词可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_与将来事实相反动词用过去式 were to 加动词原形should 加动词原形should动词原形would动词原形可编

3、辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_虚拟语气其他习惯用法简表种功用句型例句类主句谓语 宾语从句谓语动词I wish we could go to the seaside可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_虚表示主观拟愿望语气wish现在过去式过去had+过去分词should+ 动词原形would+将来动词原形could+动词原形might+动词原形today.I wish I had gone to the basketball match.I wished I could fly to the moon.I wish you would stay here a littl

4、e longer.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_would rather现在过去式I would rather you came to my partytomorrow.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_表示虚拟比较或方状语从句从句动词形式She looked after the orphan as if he were here own child.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_式as if, as though, even if 从句与现实相反与过去相反与将来相反过去式had+过去分词shou

5、ld+动词原形would+ 动词原形could+动词原形might+动词原形may+动词原形Theyre talking as if they had been friends for many years.The man looked worried, as though something would happen to him.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_might+动 Turn on the light so that I could see it可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_that, so that, in order that 从句用于sug

6、gest, propose, insist,词原形can+动词原形could+动词原形clearly. I warned him in order that he might keep away from the danger.They required that I should go at可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_表示间接的命令、建议或请宾语从句desire,demand, request, order, command等之后主句中的should+动词原形once. He suggested that the meeting should start earlier.

7、可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_求表语从句主语常是： suggestion, idea, proposal, order, request等My suggestion is that we should tell him. Our only request is that this problemshould be settled as soon as possible.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_同位语从句They received an order that the work be stopped.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_在主语从

8、句中表示It is necessary主语从句中的动词形式：It is necessary that every member remember these rules.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_诧异、惋惜、理应如此等important, natural, strange等 thatIt is a pity a shame, no wonder等 that It is a great pity that he should be so careless.It is suggested that we should get e

9、verything ready by tonight.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_It is suggestedshould+动词原形可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_表示希望或愿望requested, proposed 等 thatmay+动词原形May you succeed.动词原形 +宾语Long live the Peoples Republic of China.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_It is time that+主语+should+动其他词原形It is time that+主语+动词过去式Its time that

10、you should go home now. It is high time that we left.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_1 语法辨析Incorrect: If I was a girl , I would marry you Correct: If I were a girl , I would marry you表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气时, if 条件句中的 be 动词一律用 were,这句话应译为我要是个女孩,我就嫁给你.实际上不行能是个女孩.Incorrect: If I were you I will not worry Correct: If I

11、 were you I shouldnt worry现在时的虚拟语气主句要用 should 或 would 加动词原形,这句话应译为我要是你的话, 就没有必要苦恼. 要留意这种语态用在这里实际上是想把要讲出的观点表达得动听些,有礼貌些.Incorrect: God forgives you. Correct: God forgive you.这里的主语 God 是第三人称单数,之所以动词不加s 是由于要表达一种祝愿,即人力所不能及的事情,实际上是forgive 前有一助动词 should, May 等, 但在口语中将其省略了.如：May you be happy 祝你幸福.可编辑资料 - -

12、- 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Incorrect: If the weather was nice yesterday, we would have gone to the zooCorrect: If the weather had been nice yesterda,ywe would have gone to the zoo可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_因句中有 yesterday 一词即表示的是与过去相反的事实,即昨每天气很不好, 我们也未去动物园,所以if条件句应用 had过去分词.Incorrect: If it is was not snowing right

13、now,I will go for a walkCorrect: If it was were not snowing right now, I would go for a walk虚拟语态 be 动词作助动词时,就可用 was 来取代 were, 如 was to.虚拟语态中的动词假如是表示正在进行之中也要用进行时态.Incorrect: If you had taken my advice, you would have been better now Correct: If you had taken my advice, you would be better now这句话的意思是假

14、如你以前要是能听我的忠告的话,你现在就会好多了. 其条件句是与过去事实相反的虚拟句, 而主句是与现在事实相反的虚拟句, 这在语法书中叫做混合虚拟条件句. 例如： If I had caught that plane, I would be dead now 即： The plane I intended to catch crashed and everyone was killedIncorrect: He were you, he would go home at once Correct: Were he you, he would go home at once Correct: If

15、 he were you, he would go home at once在虚拟条件句中的 if 可以省略,但 if 省略后其句子的结构要采纳倒装语序.Incorrect: Supposing your teacher saw you with me What does she think.Correct: Supposing your teacher saw you with m,ewhat might she think.这句话中没有 if 条件句,但仍要用作虚拟语态.这里由于有些分词或介词短语,起到了从句的作用.这些短语有：without , providing, supposing,

16、 but foryouIncorrect: To see the girl, you will like herCorrect: To see the gir,lyou would like her这里的条件句是用不定式取代了.Incorrect: Im sorry I did have come here by car Correct: Im sorry I should have come here bycar这里的条件句被省略了, 其意为我真应当坐小车来. 同样在句意不会混淆的情况下,主句也有时可以被省略, 如：What if we should fail. 我们万一失败了如何 .If

17、he could do it, why not. 假如他能做,他怎么会不干了 .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Incorrect: If the earth were was to turn from east to wes,t give you this car as a giftI will可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Correct: If the earth werewas to turn from east to west I would give you this car as a gift条件句中也常用 were to 来表示说话者认为可能性微

18、小或根本不行能的事.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Incorrect: If youd have told him early, he would have passed the exam Correct: If you had told him early, he would have passed the exam非正式口语中往往听见外国人讲： d havepp 过去分词 但仍没有人认为它是正确的句子,不易为我们效仿.Incorrect: The little girl looked as if she would have seena ghost Correct: Th

19、e little girl looked as if she had seen a ghost要留意的是 as if 从句中假如用虚拟语气, 它的用法要与 if 条件句的动词结构相同,即与现在事实相反动词用过去式, be 动词用 were,而与过去事实相反的动词用 had pp 过去分词 .另外更要留意的是,并非全部 as if 从句都要用虚拟语气.如： Itlooks as if it is going to snow 看天似乎要下雪 即是真实条件句.Incorrect: I should have come here earl,ybut I had beenbusyCorrect: I s

20、hould have come here early but I wasbusybut 是转折连词,其后的句子是真实句,而不是虚拟句.Incorrect: To tell the truth, I wish I know her address now Correct: To tell the truth, I wish I knew heraddress nowwish 的宾语从句中要用虚拟结构,与现在事实相反的条件动词要用过去式,be 动词用 were,与过去事实相反的条件动词要用had过去分词.如： I wished I had passed that examIncorrect: Hi

21、s homework was written badly I wish he will do it better tomorrow Correct: His homework was written badlyI wish he would do it better tomorrowwish 要用来表示对现状不满,期望将来有所改进,就要用would 加动词原形.并非 wish 不能表达真正的希望,但是不能接从句,而要用双宾语,或不定式,如： I wish you luck 双宾语 I wish you to be a good student I wish to see her at once

22、Incorrect: I wish it will not be another failure Correct: I hope it will not be another failure Correct: I wish it would not be another failure要留意 hope 与 wish 的不同用法.2 例题解析例 1 If heon tourists for his business, he would have to close his shop A dependsB will dependC dependedDhas depended答案 C 这是与现在事实相

23、反的假设.应译为：假如他仅靠旅行来做生意的话,他早就要关门了.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_例 2Had she been younge,rshemore beautifulA had beenB might have beenC might beD would be答案 B 因其条件句是省去 if 的与过去事实相反的假设.例 3 If youthatTV play last night , you wouldnt be sleepy A havent watchedB didnt watchC hadnt watchedD wouldnt have watched答案 C

24、因是与过去事实相反的假设.应译为：昨晚你要是不看那个电视剧,你现在也不会这么困倦了. 这是混合虚拟句, 主句是与现在事实相反的虚拟.例 4 If ittomorrow, we will not go for the picnic A will rainB had rainedC rainedD rains答案 D 因其主句是将来时,所以条件句应用一般现在时表示将来.所以要留意的是有些真实条件句并没有虚拟的含意,不要乱用虚拟语态.例 5We had hoped that wego home at once A didB willC /D would答案 Dhad hoped 用来表达对过去未能实

25、现的愿望,其宾语从句要用would 加动词原形.例 6 I want to see her today Id rather youA didntB do notC dontD do答案 Ad rather 其后如直接接动词就用动词原形. 如加宾语从句就从句中谓语动词要用过去式.例 7 It is very late, Its timeA we have leftB we will leave C we leftD we leave答案C 要留意 It is high/about time 其后可接 for something, 如：It is time for supper. 或 for so

26、mebody to do something 也可接从句,但从句中的谓语动词要用过去式,有时也可用should 加动词原形,但 should 不行省略.例 8These typewritten papers are very neat I wish Itype too, but I dont know how A canB mayC couldD will答案C 因 wish 在从句中表示与现在相反的虚拟, 所以要用 would 或 could.例 9 It is important that hethis work at once A doB doesC didD will do答案 A 虚

27、拟语气可以用来表示要求、建议、提议、命令、意愿等.在Itis形容词 过去分词 从句的结构中,从句中的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形,其 should 在美语中常常省略.这样的形容词有：important, necessary, strange, natural.这样的过去分词有： demanded, requested, suggeste,d required, recommended.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_例 10The teacher ordered that the studentsher A obeysB obeyedC obeyingD obey答案D

28、 因带有命令要求口气的动词其宾语从句中的谓语动词也要用should 加动词原形.其 should 在美语中就被省略. 这样的动词有：ask, advise, demand, desire, insist, order, recommend, require, request, suggest 例 11She rejected my suggestion that sheher son the next week A metB will meetC meetD would meet答案 C 因同位语从句的谓语动词要用 should 加动词原形.这是由于其前面的名词是由例 10中的那些表示愿望、命

29、令、建议的动词转化而来的.例 12Whats the matter with her.I dont know but she looksshed lost her boy friend A thatB so thatC asD as if答案 D 其意为她看上去似乎是失掉了男伴侣一样脸色不好看.例 13You finally passed the examYes,your help. I would have not succeeded A but thatB but forC but ifD thanks to答案 B 由 but for, without , supposing 等短语或连

30、接词也可以引出虚拟语态.例 14today, hewould get there by the weekend A Would he leaveB Was he leavingC Were he to leave D If he leaves答案 C 假如条件句中 if 被省去,就要用倒装语序. be to在虚拟条件句中应用 were to 或 was to 取代.例 15 I wish Itotalk this over with him when he was here last night A was ableB were ableC had been able D should be

31、able答案 C在 wish 从句中要表达对过去事实的一种不行能实现的愿望时,要用 had 加过去分词.例 16Jane appears as though shethe secretA knowsB has knownC is knowingD had known答案 D 这是对过去事实的假设, as though as if例 17Her pale face suggested that sheill , and the teacher wanted to send her to the doctorsA beB should beC wereD was答案 D 因 suggest 作建议

32、讲时其宾语从句要用虚拟语气,但是作示意就不要用虚拟语态.例 18Without electricity , human lifequite different today A isB beC will beD would be可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_答案 D 由 without介词短语引出的虚拟条件句,其主句如表示与现在事实相反,就用 should, would 加动词原形.例 19He insisted that hedo it aloneA wanted toB want toC should want toD wants to答案 A假如主句的主语与宾语从句的主语是同一个人时,insist 从句中就不宜用虚拟语态.例 20 If itso hard, wed go home A isnt rainingB doesnt rainC werent rainingD isnt going to rain答案 C因 is raining 的过去时应为 was raining,但在虚拟条件句中最好用were raining.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载