小升初英语词汇及重点句型.docx

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1、小升初英语短语词汇go to the park 去公园climb trees 爬树Be quiet保持安静Do not touch 不要摸No eating and drinking 禁止吃喝keep off the grass不践踏草坪No parking禁止停车No littering禁止扔杂物from Japan来自日本No smoking禁止吸烟at once立刻，马上his family他的家人in a week在一周内feel ill感觉病了eight subjects 八门课eight lessons 八节课welcome back to school 欢迎回到学校what su

2、bjects什么科目her students她的学生the first lesson 第一节课wrong number打错 had better常用缩写，变成ld better,其否认形式是在其后直接加not。例如：We had better go now.二 We d better go now.我们现在走吧。You ld better not go out because it is windy.今天刮风，你别出去了。17、have sth. done使（某事）完成（动作由别人完成）sth.为宾语，done为过去分词作补语。例如:We had the machine repaired.我们

3、请人把机器修好了。注意区分：We have repaired the machine.我们（自己）已经修好了机器。18、help sb. （to） do sth./with sth.帮助某人（做）某事其中的to可以省略。例如：I often help my mother with housework.我常常帮助妈妈做家务。Would you please help me （to） look up these words ?请你帮助我查查这些词好吗？19、How do you like?你认为怎么样？与 what do you think of ?同义。例如：How do you like th

4、e weather in Beijing ?你认为北京的天气怎么样？你觉得这部新*如何？20、I don 4t think/believe that-我认我/相信不其中的not是对宾语从句进行否认而不是对主句否认（否认前移）。that可省 略。例如:I don t think it will rain.我认为天不会下雨。I don t believe the girl will come.我相信那女孩不会来了。21、It happens that 碰巧相当于 happen to doo例如：It happened that I heard their secret.可改写为：I happene

5、d to hear their secret.我碰巧听到了他们的秘密。22. If s/hasbeen +一段时间+since从句，自从某时起做某件事情已经一段时间了该句型中since引导的时间状语从句常用一般过去时。例如:It s twenty years since he came here.他来这里已经20年了。It has been six years since he married Mary.他和玛丽结婚已经六年了。23、It is +adj./n. + for sb. to do sth,做某事对某人来说It是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式tod。sth。例如：It s not e

6、asy for us to study English well.对我们来说学好英语并不容易。If s a good idea for us to travel to the south.去南方旅行对我们来说是个好主意。24、It s + adj. + of sb. to do sth.It是形式主语，to do sth.是真正的主语，当表语（即形容词）能对逻辑主语描述时，常用介词。f,而不用for。例如：If s very polite of you to give your seat to old people.你给老人让座，非常有礼貌。25s It seems/appears （to s

7、b） that（在某人看来）好像此句中的it是主语，that引导的是表语从句。例如:It seems that he is lying.看样子他好像是在撒谎。It appears to me that he never smiles.在我看来，他从来没有笑过。26s It is + 数词+metres/kilometers long/wide是多少米（公里）长（宽）用来表示物体的长（宽，高），如数词大于一，名词要用复数。例如:It is 20 metres long from this end to that end.从这端到那端有二十米长。27s It s time for sb. to d

8、o sth.是某人干某事的时候了it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式to do sth.例如：It s time for the child to go to bed,孩子该睡觉了。比拟下面两种结构： It *s time for + n.例如：It s time for school.It s time to do sth.例如：If s time to go to school.28s It takes sb. some time to do sth,花费某人多少时间做某事 it是形式 主语，真正的主语是动词不定式to do sth。例如:It takes her fifteen min

9、utes to walk to the bus stop from here.从这 JI走着到公交车站将花费她15分钟。It took the old man three days to finish the work.那个老人花了三天时间完成这项工作。29、keep (on) doing sth.一直坚持做某事keep doing sth.一般用于静态动词。keep on doing sth.意为“继续不停地做某事”，一般用于动态动词，但二者的区别并不是很严格，有时可以互 换。例如:Don (t keep on doing such foolish things.不要再做这样的傻事了。He

10、kept sitting there all day.他整天坐在那里。30、keep -from doing sth,阻止 做某事,相当于 stopfrom doing sth.,preventfrom doing sth.在主动句中，stop和prevent后面的from可以省略，但在被动结构中, from不可以省略。例如：Please keep the children from swimming in the sea.请别让孩子到海里游泳。The big noise outside my room stopped me from doing my homework.屋外巨大的噪音使我不能

11、做作业。小升初英语高频重点句型keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做某事不可和keep sb.from doing sth,结构混淆。例如：Why do you keep me waiting for a long time ?你为什么让我等了很长时间？31. make sb. do sth.使某人干某事make意为“使”时，其后要有不带to的动词不定式。例如:He made me work ten hours a day.他让我每天工作10小时。注意：上句如改为被动语态，那么work前的to不能省略。例如：I was made to work ten hours a day.32

12、. neither.nor.既不.,也不当连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与邻近的主语取得一致（就进一致原那么）。例如:Neither we nor Jack knows him.我们和杰克都不认识他。He neither knows nor cares what happened.他对发生的事情不闻不问。33. notuntiL,直至ij才until后可跟名词或从句，表示时间。例如：He didn t come until late in the evening.他直到晚上很迟才来。He didn, t arrive until the game began.直到比赛开始他才来。34. sb.

13、pays money for sth.某人花钱买某物，此句型主语是人。例如：I *ve already paid 2, 000 yuan for the motor bike.我已经花了 2000元买这辆摩托车。35. spend time/money on sth./(in)doing sth.花费(时间、钱)在某事上/做某事，其中in可以省略，通常主语为“人”。例如：I spent five yuan on this book.我在这本书上花了五元钱。I spent two hours (in) doing my homework yesterday.昨晚我花了两个小时做作业。36. so

14、that太以至于用于复合句，that弓I导的是结果状语从句。so是副词，后面应接 形容词或副词，如果接名词，应用sucho例如：The ice is so thin that you can, t walk on it.冰太薄了，你不能在上面走。He is such a kind man that we all like him.他是一个非常好的人，我们都很喜欢他。37. stop to do sth.,stop doing sth.stop to do sth.意为停下来去做另一件事stop doing sth.意为“停止正在做的事”例如：You re too tired. You d be

15、tter stop to have a rest.你们太累了，停下来休息一会儿。The teacher is coming. Let s stop talking.老师来了，咱们别说话了。38. Thank you for doing sth.感激你做了for之后除了加动名词doing外，还可以加名词。例如:Thank you for giving me the present.谢谢你给我的礼物。Thank you for your help. = Thank you for helping me.谢谢你的帮助。39. thanks to多亏，由于thanks后的s不能省略，to是介词。例如:

16、Thanks to my friend Jim, ve worked out this problem.多亏了我朋友吉姆的帮助，我已经解决了这个问题。40. There be 句型在此结构中，there是引导词，在句中不能充当任何成分，也不必翻译出 来。句中的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语的数保持一致。例如：There is a man at the door.门口有一个人。当主语是由两个或者两者以上的名词充当时，谓语动词be要跟它邻近的那个 名词的数一致（就近一致）。例如：There are two dogs and a cat under the table.桌下有两只狗和一只猫。

17、比拟：There is a cat and two dogs under the table.There be句型中的be不能用have来代替，但可以用lie（位于，躺）， stand（矗立），exist（生存），live（生活）等词来替换。例如：There stand a lot of tall buildings on both sides of the street.街道两旁矗立着许多高楼。There lies lake in front of our school.我们学校前面有一个湖。Once there lived a king here.on Monday morning 在星期

18、上午a new term 新学期Monday morning 星期一上午open your mouth张开你的嘴go to see a doctor 去看医生open your mouth 去看医生have a good rest好女子休息a bad cough严重的咳嗽take some medicine 吃药after lunch午饭以后stay in bed呆在床上the same hobby相同的爱好a telephone call 一次 通话in the garden 在花园里water the flowers 浇花animal stamps动物邮票cook food 做饭showt

19、o 出示,给看grow flowers 种花Ben1 s hobbyBen 的爱好some hobbies 一些爱好make clothes 做衣服wash clothes 洗衣服这儿曾经有一个国王。There is going to be a sports meeting next week.下周准备开一个运动会。there be的拓展结构：there seem(s)/happen(s) to beThere seems to be one mistake in spelling.似乎有一处拼写错误。There happened to be a ruler here.这儿碰巧有把尺子。The

20、re seemed to be a lot of people there.那儿似乎有很多人。41. The + adj,比拟级，the + adj.比拟级越，越此句型表示一方随另一方的变化而变化。例如：The harder he works, the happier he feels.他工作越努力，就感到越幸福。The more, the better.多多益善。42. too+adj./adv. +to do sth.太以至于不能,.此句型为简单句，后面的t。表示否认含义。例如：The ice is too thin for you to walk on.这冰太薄，你不能在上面走。The

21、bag is too heavy to carry.这个袋子太重搬不动。43. used to do sth.过去常常做某事used t。是情态动词，表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，因此只用 于过去时态。例如:He used to get up early.他过去总早起。When I was yong, I used to play tennis very often.我年轻时经常打网球。否认形式有两种：didn t use to ； used not to例如：He didn, t use to come. = He usedn t to come.他过去不常来。小升初英语高频重点句

22、型【1620】what about ?怎么样？例如：后面可接名词、代词、动名词等。与howabout同义。We have been to Hainan. What about you ?我们去过海南，你呢？What about going to the park on Sunday ?星期天去公园怎么样？46-What day/date is it today ?今天星期几（几月几日）？-What day is it today ?-Sunday.-What date is it today ?-June 24th.47. What s wrong (the matter) with ?怎么了

23、 ？Whaf s wrong with you, Madam ?夫人，您怎么了？You look worried. What s wrong with you ?你看上去很焦急，出什么事了？48. Why not do ?为什么不做？谓语动词用原形。与Why don t you do?同义。 例如：Why not go to see the film with us ? = Why don t you go to see the film with us ?为什么不和我们一起去看*呢？49. would like to do sth.想做后用动词不定式作宾语。例如:I would like t

24、o drink a cup of tea.我想喝一杯茶。疑问句式：Would you like (to drink) a cup of tea ?你想喝杯茶吗？50. adj./adv.比拟级+ and adj./adv.比拟级越来越假设形容词/副词为双音节词及多音节词，那么这一结构变为“more and more + 形容词/副词”。例如:It s getting warmer and warmer.天气变得越来越暖和了。The little girl becomes more and more beautiful.女孩变得越来越遒告7 标冗J O51. adj.比拟级+thanthan引导

25、的是典型的比拟级句型，表示一者比另一者，其前用形容词或 副词的比拟级，than从句可以用省略形式。例如:I know you better than she does.我比她更了解你。This house is bigger than that one.这所房子比那所房子大。52. though 从句though引导的是让步状语从句，意思是“虽然但是”。但不能和but连 用，英语中表达“虽然但是”时，though和but只能用一个。例如：Though it was snowing, it was not very cold.虽然下着雪，可并不太冷。I was late for the last

26、 bus though I hurried.虽然我拼命赶路，还是没搭上最后一班公交车。We didn t feeltired though we walked a long way.虽然我们走了很长的路程，但是并没有感到累。53. if从句If引导的是条件状语从句，“如果假如”。如主句用一般将来时，if从句要用一般现在时（主将从现）。例如:If I go to the Great Wall tomorrow, would you like to come along ?如果明天我去长城，你会和我一起去吗？If it rains tomorrow, I won* t go.如果明天下雨，我就不去

27、了。54. because 从句引导原因状语从句，因为例如：He didn *t hear the knocking at the door because he was listening to the radio.他没有听见敲门声，因为他正在听收音机。55. so + do/be + 主语So + be/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示前面所述内容也适用于另一人或 物。be、助动词或情态动词的选择视前面陈述句中谓语动词的时态形式而定。 例如：He likes football and so do I.他喜欢足球，我也如此。Jim was playing football just now an

28、d so was Tom.刚才吉姆在踢足球，汤姆也在踢足球。比拟：So +主语+be/助动词/情态动词结构，是用来证实前一句所表 达的内容（起强调作用）。be、助动词或情态动词的选择视前面陈述句中谓语动词的时态形式而定。A ： It is very hot today.今天天气很热。B : So it is.确实如此。56. not only.but also.不但.而且.常用来连接语法作用相同的词、短语或句子。连接两个主语时，谓语动词要 和紧靠它的主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如：She likes not only singing but also dancing.她不但喜欢唱歌，而且喜欢跳

29、舞。He is not only a good doctor but also a good father,他不但是个好医生而且是个好爸爸。Not only I but also he is hoping to go there.不但我而且他也想去那儿。57. preferto喜欢胜过.prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth.意为两者相比更喜欢(做)其中之一。 在此结构中，to是介词，接名词或动名词，结构中前后所跟成分一样。例如:He prefers tea to coffee.茶与咖啡相比，他更喜欢茶。He prefers doing shopping to g

30、oing fishing.购物与钓鱼相比，他更喜欢购物。58. 感叹句型What (a/an) + adj. + n. + 主语+谓语！How + adj./adv.+ + 主语+谓语！例如：这个男孩儿多聪What a clever boy (he is) ! =How clever the boy is !明啊！What a wonderful film we saw last night !昨天晚上我们看的*多精彩啊！How lovely the weather is !天气多好啊！How hard he works !他工作多么努力啊！collect Chinese stamps 收集中

31、国邮票many beautiful stamps许多漂亮的邮票go shopping 购物collect stamps 收集邮票dance beautifully 跳舞跳得美take photos 拍照1、现在进行时表示正在发生的事情或进行的动作，常与nowjisten.look等词连用，结构 是主语+be动词(am, is, are)+动词ing.如:It is raining now.外面正在下雨It is s汉 o clock now.现在6点了My parents are reading newspapers in the sitting room.Look! The children

32、 are having a running race now.看！孩子们正在赛跑问句将be动词移前，否认句在be动词后+not.2、一般现在时表示经常反复发生的事情或动作，常与often, usually, sometimes, always, every day(week year-) on Sundays 等词连用。结构是主语+动词原形；当主语为第三人称单数即he,she, it, Tom, my mother, the boy等词时，动词后加s或es.如：We have an English lesson every day.我们每天都要上英语课Do the boys run faste

33、r than the girls? Yes, they do.男孩比女孩跑的快吗？是的问句借助于do, does否认句借助于don1 t, doesn5 t,后面动词一定要还原。3、一般过去时表示发生在过去的事情或存在的状态，常与just now; a moment ago; ago; yesterday; last ( week; month; year; Monday; weekend); this morning 等词 连用。结构是主语+be动词的过去式(was; were)或主语+动词的过去式。注意：be动词与动词过去式不可同时使用。如：My earphones were on the

34、 ground just now.我的耳机刚刚还在呢。Where were you last week? I was at a camp.你上个星期去哪了？我去野营了What did you do yesterday? I visited a farm你昨天去干嘛了 ？我去参观农场了。问句有be动词将be动词移前，没有be动词借助于did,后面动词还原；否认句有be动词在后面加not,没有借助于didnt后面动词还原。4、一般将来时表 示将要打算发生的事情或动作，常与tomorrow, next week(year; Tuesday-), this week( weekend ;evening

35、; afternoon;)today 等词连用。结构是 主语+be(am, is, are) going to + 动原或主语+will + 动原。如：What are you going to do tomorrow? I am going to have a picnic.你明天要去干嘛？我要去野餐。The childre are going to have a sports meeting next week.孩子们下个星期将参加运动会。Tom will/is going to see a play with his father this evening.Tom今晚将和父母去看演出。问

36、句将be动词或will移前；否认句在be动词或will后加not.5、情态动词can; can t; should; shouldn t; must; may 后一定加动词原形。如：The girl can t swim, but he can skate.女孩不会游泳，但是会滑冰Don t talk in class, you should listen to the teacher carefully.不要再课上说 话，你应该认真听老师讲。6、祈使句肯定祈使句以动词原形开头；否认祈使句以don t加动词原形开头。如：Open the box for me .please.请为我翻开盒子。L

37、iu Tao! Please get up earlier tomorrow.刘涛，明天请早点起床！Don t walk on the grass!不要在草地上走！Helen! Don t climb the tree,please.海伦！不要爬树。7、go的用法去干嘛用go +动词ing如：go swimming; go fishing;go skating;go camping;go running;go skiing;go rowing-8、比拟than前用 比拟级；asas之间用原级。如：My mother is two years younger than my father.我妈比

38、我爸年轻两岁。Liu Tao jumps as far as Ben.刘涛跳得和本一样远。9、喜欢做某事用like +动词ing或like+ to +动原。如:Su Yang likes growing flowers.苏阳喜欢种花。The children like to play with lanterns at Spring Festival.孩子们喜欢在春节去玩花灯。10、想要做某事用 would like +to+动原或 want + to + 动原。彳列:T d like to visit the History Museum. = 1 want to visit the Hist

39、ory Museum 11、some用于肯定句中，在否认句和问句中改为any,但当表示委婉语气时仍用如：Can I have some writing paper? Would you like some orange juice?12、代词人称代词主格做主语用一般放在句首或动词前，主格分别是I you he she it we you theyo宾格做宾语用，一般放在动词或介词后如：Open them for me. Let us , join me 等。宾格分另U是 me you him her it us you themo形容词性物主代词放在名词前，不能单独使用，分别是my your

40、his her its our your their名词性物主代词相当于形物加名词，它只能单独使用后面不好加名词，分 别是 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirso13、介词介词后要么不加动词，加动词只能加动词ing形式如：be good at running;do well in jumping;14、时间介词季节前，月份前用介词in如:in summer ； in March具体的哪一天如星期几，几月几日用介词。n如：on Saturday; on the second of April; on Wednesday morning在几点钟前用介词

41、at如：at a quarter to four;只在上下午晚上用in如：in the morning/ afternoon/ evening;但在夜间用at nighto另：季节，月份和星期前不好加the.15、名词复数构成的方法有规那么的有：直接在名词后加s如 orange-oranges; photo-photos;(3)以x, s, sh, ch结尾的加es(4) 如 ：boxboxes; glassglasses; waitresswaitresses; watch watches;peach-peaches(5)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es(6)如：study-studies

42、 ； library-libraries; hobby-hobbies; family一 families;以 f, fe 结尾的改 f, fe 为 v + es 如：knife-knives; thiefthieves (注:以 o 结尾的我们学过的只有mango力口 es, mango-mangoes其余力口 s,)不规那么的有：man一men; woman-women; people-people; child-children16、动词第三人称单数的构成(1)直接在动词后加S如:run-runs; dance-dances以s,sh,ch,o结尾的加es(3)如:dodoes;go-g

43、oes;wash-washesjcatch-catches以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es如:study-studies; carry-carries;17、现在分词的构成(1)直接在动词后加ing如：sing-singing; skiskiing;双写词尾加ing如:swimswimming; jog-jogging;runrunning;(3)以不发音的e结尾的去e加ing如：ride-riding; dance-dancing; make-making;18、规那么动词过去式的构成(1)直接在动词后加ed如:clean-cleaned; milk-milked; play-played

44、;(2)以e结尾的直接加d如：dance-danced; taste-tasted;(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加ed如:study-studied;carry-carried;双写词尾加ed如：stop-stopped; jog-jogged;不 规贝1J的有：am,iswas; arewere; do,doesdid; have,hashad; go went; meet met; sitsat; seesaw; getgot; telltold; runran; comecame; steal-stole; read-read;19、形容词副词比拟级的构成规那么的：(1)直接在形容

45、词或副词后加er如；smallsmaller; lowlower;(2)以e结尾的加r如：late-larer;双写词尾加er如：bigbigger; thin-thinner; fat-fatter;(4)以辅音字母加V结尾的改y为i加er如：heavy-heavier; early-earlier;不规那么的有：good, well-better(最高级为 best); many, much- more(最高级为 most);far-farther;20、rain与snow的用法(D作为名词意思是雨水和雪是不可数名词如：There is a lot of rain there in spring.那儿的春天有很多雨水。(2)作为动词意思是下雨和下雪，有四种形式分别是：动词原形rain, snow ；第三人称单数rains , snows ；现在分词 raining ； snowing过去式 rained ； snowed;如：Look! It is raining now.瞧!天正在下雨。It often rains in Nantong in summer.南通夏天经常下雨。 It rained yesterday.昨天下了雨。It is going to rain tomorrow.明天要下雨。形容词为rainy和snowy意思是有雨的和有雪