专题27 必修5 Unit 3 Life in the future-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（讲）（含答案解析）.docx

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1、2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测第27讲 必修5 Unit 3讲【核心素养分析】语言知识：要求考生掌握并能运用英语词汇、语法基础知识以及所学话题。1 .考纲内要掌握的词汇、短语和句型项目单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备）重点单词1. impression n.印象；感想；印记一impress v.给某人深刻印象一impressive adj.给人深刻印象的2. constant adj.时常发生的；连续不断的一constantly adv.不断地3. previous adj.在前的；早先的4. guide n.指导；向导；导游vt.指引；指导5. surrounding n.周围的事物；环境a

2、dj.周围的一surround vt.围绕6. tolerate vt.容忍；忍受6.1 ack vi.&vt.缺乏；没有n.缺乏；短缺的东西8. adjustment n.调整；调节一adjust vt.调整；使适应9. press vi.& vt.按;压；逼迫n.按；压;印刷；新闻一pressure n.压力10. fasten vt.系牢；扎牢11. switch n.开关；转换vt.转换12. optimistic adj.乐观（主义）的一pessimistic（反义词）13. desert n.沙漠；荒原14. typist n. 打字员一type writer n. 打字机15.

3、instant n.瞬间；片刻adj.立即的；立刻的一instantly adv.马上16. greedy adj.贪吃的；贪婪的；贪心的17. representative n.代表；典型人物adj.典型的；有代表性的一represent v.代表18. settlement n.定居；解决一settle v.定居；解决settler n.定居者重点短语1. takeup拿起；接受；开始；继续2. be back on ones feet （困境后）恢复；完全复原3. lose sight of 看不见【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词和定语从句。第一空是“发现自己被一群十几岁的年轻人包围了。

4、”用过去分词作宾 语补足语表示被动，第二处用who引导定语从句，修饰teenagers。句意：当他抬起头，他发现自己被一群 年轻人包围，他们都焦虑的看着他。选B。2 .(江苏泰州中学月考)When the teacher woke up in hospital, she foundherself her students and was moved to tears.A. was surrounded byB. surroundingC , surrounded byD. surround【答案】C【解析】考查过去分词。句意：当老师在医院醒来时，发现被学生们围着，感动地哭了。句中herself

5、和动 词surround是被动关系，此处是过去分词作宾补，故选C.3 . Can you see that building by trees? Thafs we study.A. surrounded; whichB. surrounding; whereC. to be surrounded; in whichD. surrounded; where【答案】D【解析】第一空考查过去分词作定语，短语：be surrounded by被什一么包围，在这里surrounded by作定语修 饰that building,第二空是表语从句，用where,意为那就是我们学习的地方。所以选D。完成句子

6、(1) She with fashionable friends.她周围有许多爱赶时髦的朋友。He likes to with beautiful things.他喜欢生活在美的环境中。 As a child, I love and kindness.幼年时，我备受关爱。【答案】 (1) has been surrounded (2) surround himself (3) was surrounded by考点4.constantly adv.不断地；重复不断地【例句研读】(1) He talked constantly about his work.他不断地谈到他的工作。 There w

7、as a constant stream of visitors to Mount Tai.泰山的游客络绎不绝。【归纳拓展】constantly经常和进行时连用，表示说话者的一种情感。与之用法相当的词还有always等。constant q切,.持续的；不断的【典例4】语法填空She added that as a reporter she needed to learn new things(constant).【答案】constantly【解析】考查副词。句意：她补充说，作为一名记者，她需要不断学习新事物。修饰动词learn用副词，故 填 constantly 。1. Junyan add

8、ed that as a reporter she needed many different skills and was(constant) challenged to learn new things.【答案】constantly【解析】考查副词。句意：Junyan补充说到作为一个记者她需要很多不同的技能并且受到了持续的挑战， 以此来学习新的知识。修饰动词用副词constantly,故填constantly。2. There is no absolute success in the world, only (constantly) progress.【答案】constant【解析】考查

9、形容词。句意：世上没有绝对的成功，只有不断的进步。此处constant连续的，不断的；是形 容词。根据前面的no absolute可推知，与此相对的是constant。故填constant。【变式】单项选择Tom is a promising student. I am sure that with his effort, he will make a very successful scientist.A. usual B. constant C. content D. normal【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A经常的；B不断的；C满意的；D正常的；句意：Tom是一个有前途的学 生

10、，我确信随着他不断的努力，他会成为一个成功的科学家的。根据句意说明B正确。2.(浙江期末) My colleague is tearing up what he has written and beginning over again.A. constantlyB. amazinglyC. efficientlyD. skeptically【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。句意：我的同事不断地撕掉已经写完的东西并从头开始。A. constantly不断地；B. amazingly令人惊奇地；C. efficiently充分地；D. skeptically怀疑地。根据题意可知选A项。完成句子The

11、 English language is changing.英语总是在不断地发展变化。(1) Pm telling her to behave herself.我不断告诉她要守规矩。As we know, in our world nothing seems.我们都知道，在我们这个世界上，没什么似乎是一成不 变的。【答案】(1) constantly (2) constantly (3) constant考点5.tolerate讨容忍，忍受，容许，能经受(困难条件)【例句研读】The teacher can not tolerate eating in class.老师不容许在课堂上吃东西。(

12、1) Her own mistakes made her very tolerant of/towards (the faults of) others.她因自己有错误，对别人(的错误)就概不计较了。【归纳拓展】tolerate(doing)sth.容忍(做)某事cant bear/stand (doing)sth,无法忍受(做)某事put up with容忍；忍受tolerable M.可容忍的tolerance n.容忍；忍受tolerant adj.容忍的；宽容的be tolerant of/towards sb./sth.对宽容【温馨提示】tolerate的近义词(组)有bear, s

13、tand, put up with,这些动词(词组)需要接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。【典例5】语法填空(2020全国)Every man has his faults. We should, therefore, learn to be tolerant others.【答案】of/towards【解析】考查介词。句意：人孰无过。因此，我们应该学会宽容他人。be tolerant of/towards.表示“对宽容:故填。f/towards。1. Your behavior wont (tolerate) in our house, so you have to be careful!【答案】

14、be tolerated【解析】考查被动语态。句意：你的行为在我们家是不被容忍的，你得小心了。故填be toleiated。2. These citizenship ceremonies on Australian Day are intended to encourage(tolerate), respect and promote friendship among people of different cultural and social backgrounds.【答案】tolerance【解析】考查词形转换。此处tolerance宽容，是名词。句意：这些澳大利亚入籍仪式旨在鼓励宽容、

15、尊重 和促进不同文化和社会背景的人之间的友谊。故填toleranceo(2019江苏高三期中)一 Do you mean the neighbors are coming over to discuss the problem?Yes, the whole thing has got (tolerate) , or they wouldnt have to be calling a meeting.【答案】intolerable【解析】考查词形转换。句意：你是说邻居要过来讨论这个问题吗？ 是的，整件事让人无法忍受， 否则他们就不必召开会议了。根据句意可知，故填intolerable。【变式】单

16、项选择To tell you the truth, everyone, including me, wont your selfishness and rudeness.A. fastenB. pressC. sufferD. tolerate【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析：A. fasten系牢，系紧，B-press按压，C. suffer遭受，D. tolerate容忍，句意： 说实话，每个人包括我不会容忍你的自私和粗鲁。选D。1. The old woman could not the terrible noise, so she had to close the door and wi

17、ndows.A. acceptB. receiveC. holdD. tolerate【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：老夫人无法承受可怕的噪音，只好关上所有的门和窗。A. accept接受；receive收到；C.hold持有;D.tolerate忍受。根据语境可知,无法忍受,故选D。完成句子He can*t bear laughed at.他忍受不了被别人取笑。(1) I can not tolerate her.我不能容忍她的粗鲁无礼。The school cannot tolerate in exams.学校不能容忍考试作弊。【答案】(1) being (2) rudeness

18、 (3) cheating考点6.lack历&应.没有，缺乏机缺乏，短缺的东西【例句研读】His real problem is that he lacks confidence.他的真正问题是缺乏自信心。(1) He did not finish his schooling fbr lack of money.由于缺钱，他没有完成学业。【归纳拓展】for lack of缺乏；没有；因缺少(a)lackof缺乏；不足no lack of充足的lack fbr缺，不充足lacking q的.缺少的，不足的be lacking in不足;不够；缺少【易混易错】lack 与 be short of(

19、l)lack用作动词时，常与抽象名词连用。如：She lacked the confidence to make friends,她缺乏交朋友的自信。(2)be short of只用于表示具体事物的缺乏，译为“短缺。如：They were short of money.他们缺钱。【温馨提示】lack用作名词时一般用作单数或不可数名词，意为“缺乏；短缺，后面常接介词of表示缺少的内容， 构成lack of短语。lack用作动词时可作及物动词，意为“缺乏；没有；短缺”。后面直接接名词作宾语，千万不要说lack in/of sth.o也可作不及物动词，如跟宾语要加for,构成lack for sth

20、.lacking是形容词，意为“缺少的；不足的常用搭配是：be lacking in.(=be short in)意为”在上不足”。【典例6】语法填空(2021 ,黑龙江哈尔滨市第六中学校)Though(lack) in confidence, Tom made every effort and his dream came true at last.【答案】lacking【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：虽然缺乏信心，但汤姆尽了一切努力，他的梦想终于实现了。根据 句意及所给句子可知，此处是动词短语lack in“缺乏”；当让步状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且有be动 词时，可以省略从句的主语

21、及be动词。本句的完整形式为Though Tom was lacking in confidence, Tom made every effort and his dream came true at last.止匕处可以省略 Tom was,只保留 lackingo 故填 lackingo（2021 ,黑龙江鹤岗市,鹤岗一中）Its not that exercise makes you healthy;its more that a lack exerciseleaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.【答案】of【解析】考查介

22、词和固定搭配。句意：并不是运动使你健康，而是缺乏运动使你的身体虚弱，容易受到疾 病的影响。a lack of意为“缺乏，缺少”，为固定搭配。所以应用介词of。故填。f。1. （2020全国）They gave up carrying out the plan lack of money.【答案】for【解析】考查介词。句意：由于缺乏资金，他们放弃了执行计划。根据句意可知，资金缺乏是放弃计划的 原因，所以设空处要用表示原因的单词；分析句子成分和句子结构可知，这是一个简单句，不需要连词， 所以设空处需要用介词来表示原因；表示原因的介词为for。故填for。2. He（lack）confidence

23、 in his study, which accounts fbr why he makes little progress.【答案】lacks【解析】考查动词时态。句意：他对学习缺乏信心，这就是他进步甚微的原因。此处作谓语，结合后文which accounts for why he makes little progress可知为一般现在时，主语为he,谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填lackso（2020全国）Every man has his faults. We should, therefore, learn to be tolerant others.【答案】of/towards【解析

24、】考查介词。句意：人孰无过。因此，我们应该学会宽容他人。be tolerant of7towards表示“对宽容故填 of/towards。3. （2022全国） Although he is an outstanding student in school, he is（lack） in social experience.【答案】lacking【解析】考查时态。句意：虽然他是学校里的优秀学生，但他缺乏社会经验。根据句意和空前的is,可知 谓语动词用现在进行时，故填lacking。4. I find it quite boring to chat with those（lack）humour

25、.【答案】lacking【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我发现与那些缺少幽默感的人聊天很无聊。此处“lacking humour”是现在 分词短语做后置定语，修饰those表主动关系。故填lacking。5. （2020,天津高三）Generally speaking, John has done a good job, but even so, he seems （lack） confidence.【答案】to lack【解析】考查不定式。句意：总的来说，John干得不错，但即便如此，他似乎还是缺乏信心。句中动词不定式to后接动词原形，lack作及物动词，后面可以直接跟宾语。故填to lack

26、。【变式】单项选择(2020,汉中市龙岗学校期末)Although money at that time, I managed to buy the piano for my daughter.A. lackedB. lackingC. lacking ofD. lacked it【答案】B【解析】考查让步状语从句的省略。句意：尽管当时缺钱，但我还是设法为女儿买了钢琴。although引导的 让步状语从句进行了省略，完整的形式是：although I was lacking money at that timeo lack用作动词，表示“缺 乏“，一般为及物动词，直接接宾语money。故选B。

27、1. (2020 山东师范大学附中月考)Though money, his parents managed to send him to university.A. lackingB. lackedC. to lackD. being lacked【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然缺钱，但是他的父母仍然设法送他去上大学。分析句子结构可知， Though引导的状语从句中的主语因和主句中的主语his parents一样，被省略，从句中的动词lack和省略的 主语his parents之间是主动关系，故需使用现在分词lackingo故选A。完成句子A diet nutritional va

28、lue will not keep a person healthy.缺乏营养价值的饮食不能维持人的健康。They are so rich that they.他们非常富裕，什么也不缺。 They carried on with their experiment in spite of the facilities.尽管缺设备，他们还是继续进行试验。【答案】(1) lacking in (2) lack fbr nothing (3) lack of考点7.switch n.C开关；转换vt.& vi.(使)转换【例句研读】(1) Switch the freezer to the extra

29、 cold setting.把冰箱的冷冻开关转到特冷档。(2) They switched the location of the movie to Hawaii.他们把这部电影的外景拍摄地换为夏威夷。【归纳拓展】switch off切断（电流、气体等）switch on打开（开关）；接通（电流等）switch to 更换switchto变换为；更改为；迁移到switch over改用；换用switch sth.with sb.和某人交换某物switch sth.from sth.从某物转变到某物【温馨提示】“水龙头或煤气的开/关”用turn on/off； ”电器的开/关”用turn on/

30、off或switch on/off都可以。【典例7】语法填空（2021 全国）The physiology he majored in（switch） to physics.【答案】was switched【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：他由原先主修生理学转到了物理学。根据上文majored可知用一般过去 时，主语physiology与谓语动词switch构成被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，且为单数。故填was switched oBy getting rid of their bad habits, the boys（switch） from being dependent on the

31、ir parents to sacrificing fbr others.【答案】have switched【解析】考查动词时态。句意：通过摆脱坏习惯后，男孩们已经从依赖父母的人变成了可以为他人牺牲的 人。空处缺少谓语动词，此处表示过去发生的事情对现在产生影响，使用现在完成时，其基本构成形式是 have/has done；主语为 the boys,助动词使用 have。故填 have switched0When we turn on a light or switch a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce t

32、hisenergy.【答案】on【解析】考查固定搭配和介词。句意:当我们打开电灯或打开电视或电脑的开关时，我们使用能源，我们需 要水来产生这种能源。根据“we use energy”和“we turn on a light or switch”可知，此处表示“打开电视switch on意为“（用开关）开,打开”,为固定搭配。故填。n。1. If I were you, I would switch the TV and devote myself to my study.【答案】off【解析】考查短语。句意：如果我是你，我会关掉电视，专心学习。switch off关掉。根据句意，故填。ff。2

33、. （2019,中央民族大学附属中学月考）I don9t like to watch this. There is a better program on CCTV6. Please switch.【答案】over【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我不喜欢看这个节目。中央六台有一个更好的节目。请转换一下台。 题干中表示转换，switch over转换，故填over。3. （2019黑龙江实验中学高三期末）Wed take the train into the city center, then switch the tram.【答案】to【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们乘火车到市中心，然后换

34、乘有轨电车。此处switch to转到。结合 句意此处表示“换乘，转乘”短语为switch to,故填too（2019江苏高三期末）Granny always keeps her cellphone switched unless shes expecting a call.【答案】off【解析】考查动词短语。句意：外婆的手机总是关机，除非她在等电话。此处switch。仟关机。故填。ff。【变式】单项选择If you make most of every minute in class day after day, there will be switch in grades.A. /; /B

35、. the; aC. /; aD. the; /【答案】B【解析】考查冠词。第一空是固定词组makethemostof充分利用；第二空用a表示泛指。句意：如果你充 分利用课内外的每一分钟，在分数方面会有一个大的转变。故B正确。2. （江苏金陵中学高三课时练习）of their bad habits, the boys from being dependent on their parentsto for others.A. Having rid, have switched, sacrificingTo rid , are switching, sacrificeRid, switched,

36、sacrificingHaving been rid, are switched ,sacrifice【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：通过摆脱坏习惯后，男孩们已经从依赖父母的人变成了可以为他人牺牲的人。the boys与rid是逻辑主谓关系，且“摆脱坏习惯发生在主句动作之前，所以应使用现在分词完成式；根据句意可知，此处强调对现在的影响，应使用现在完成时；switch from.to“从转向”中to是介词，后跟doingo故选Ao3. (2019,江苏海安高级中学高三)Since the match is over, we can by travelling and stop think

37、ing aboutbasketball.A. dive in B. switch offC. pull out D. split up【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：既然比赛结束了，我们就通过旅游来放松一下，不要再去想篮球了。A. dive in开始大吃；B. switch off不再注意，担忧某事；C. pull out渡过难关；D. split up分离，故选B。4. (2019,黑龙江哈尔滨市第六中学校高三月考)He worked as a librarian before to journalism .A. switchingB. swearingC. swellingD.

38、swinging【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在转到新闻学之前，他曾做过图书管理员。A. switching转换；B. swearing 发誓；C swelling膨胀；D.swinging摇摆。根据句意可知，switch to意为“转到”,与题意相符，故选A。 完成句子(1) Switch the TV before you go out.你出门前要把电视关掉。(2)A lot of banks are over to the new electronic system because ifs more efficient.彳艮多名艮彳亍正在改用 新的电子系统，因为它效率更高。(

39、3) He secretly switched a different company.他秘密地跳槽到别的公司。【答案】(1) off (2) switching (3) to考点8.instant n.瞬间，片刻adj.立刻的，立即的【例句研读】The telegram asked fbr an instant reply.这封电报要求立即回复。(1) I came instantly I saw the need.我一发觉有需要马上就来了。【归纳拓展】in an instant(=immediately)立亥Uthe instant(that)(=as soon as)一就4. sweep

40、 up 打扫；横扫5. slide into （快捷而悄声地）移动；溜进6. speed up 力口速7. as a result 结果8. be similar to.与相似9. in all directions 向四面八方10. show.around.带领某人参观经典句型（高考书面表达必 备）1. At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.起初，我的新环境很难忍受。2. . However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a la

41、rge market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.然而，当我们到达一个看上去像是大市场的地方时, 由于太多的客车朝四面八方飞奔，我看不见王平了。3. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.太疲倦了，我爬上床很快就睡着了。必备语法（高级句型）动词的时态和语态2.语法基础知识非谓语动词主题语境：话题未来生活（人与自我）语言技能：能在主题语境下，运用所学的语言知识写出日常生活事物的应用文。【基础巩固】考点1. impression n.印象；感觉；感想；印

42、记【教材原句】first impressions第一印象【例句研读】（1） What was your first impression of London?你对伦敦的第一印象是什么？I have a good impression of him.我对他的印象很好。【归纳拓展】（Dmake/leave/give an impression on 给留下印象impress 给以深刻的印象impress sth.on/upon sth. = impress sb.with sth.(at)any instant随时；在任何情况下fbr an instant 片亥！I ； 一 瞬间【温馨提示】和 t

43、he moment 一样,the instant 和 instantly 也可以引导状语从句，意思是“一就immediately,directly也有类似用法。如：Jane burst out crying the instant she came in.简一进来就大哭起来。【易混易错】fbr an instant/in an instantfbr an instant暂时，一时。相当于 for a while, for a moment, for a minute,多用于完 成时态、一般时态或将来时态，常与持续性动词连用。in an instant一会儿, 马上，立亥!1。相当于 in a

44、while, in a moment, in a minute, 通 常用于将来时，常与终止性动词连用。He promised to be back in an instant.他答应过一会儿就回来的。Just fbr an instant I thought he was going to refuse.有那么一会儿，我以为他要拒绝了。【典例8】语法填空(2020全国)In instant, he took offhis coat and jumped into the river.【答案】an【解析】考查不定冠词。句意：他马上脱下外套跳进了河里。in an instant为固定短语，意为“

45、马上、瞬间: 故填ano(2020,全国)The boys went to play football(instant) they finished their homework.【答案】instantly【解析】考查固定句式及词形转换。句意：孩子们一做完作业就去踢足球。(instant) they finished their homework”是时间状语从句，instantly”作连词用,意为“一就.故填instantly。1. (2019全国) You see the lightning instant it happens, but you hear the thunder later

46、.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意：闪电一发生你就可以看见，但稍后才会听到雷声。此处考查短语the instant 就，该短语引导时间状语从句，故填the。4.1 am going to the supermarket and will be back an instant.【答案】in【解析】考查介词。句意：我要去超市，很快就会回来。分析句子可知，in an instan俨片刻，一瞬间:故填 ino(2019,苏州市相城区陆慕高级中学高三期末)A mother recognizes the feel of her childs skin when blindfolded. Similar

47、ly, she can (instant) identify her babys cry.【答案】instantly【解析】考查副词。句意：母亲在蒙上眼睛时能感觉到孩子的皮肤。同样地，她可以立即识别婴儿的哭声。 修饰动词identify用副词形式。故填instantly。5. When the teacher asked him a question, he didnt hesitate to answer it in instant.【答案】an【解析】考查冠词。句意：当老师问他问题时，他毫不犹豫地回答了。此处in an instant立刻。根据本句did总 hesitate to answer可知，立刻回答，故填an。【变式】单项选择Much to my surprise, she tears she read the letter.A. burst out; instantB. burst into; the instantC. burst out; instantlyD. burst into; instant【答案】B【解析】句意：让我很惊讶的是，她一读到这封信就开始大哭。固定短语“大哭”是burst into tears或burst out