大学英语四级考试模拟试卷三（带答案）.docx

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1、大学英语四级考试模拟试卷三（总分:490.50,做题时间：120分钟）一、Part I Writing （总题数：1,分数：106.50）1 .Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Precious Water. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:2 .举例说明水对人类的重要性；3 .举例说明我国所面临的水资源问题；4 .为了生存和开展人们要（分数

2、:106.50）正确答案：（Precious WaterNo one doubts the importance of water. Human beings live on water, animals live on water; plants live on water and all living things live on water. You cant imagine what would happen if there were no water in the world!China is one of the countries in the world that are b

3、adly short of water. Water problem has become more acute in recent years with the increase of water consumption and pollution. In big cities, the water problem has become even worse. With the growth of population, more and more water is needed. With the development of the industry, a large quantity

4、of water has been and is being polluted. Water pollution is the most serious problem that China is facing. It has spread to rivers, lakes, and even the oceans.In order to survive, man has to be wise enough to treasure water and try to prevent it from being polluted. Man should also know that all res

5、ources in the world are limited, including water. Make good use of them, otherwise, man will be punished by nature. To treasure water is to treasure life; to protect our environment is to protect ourselves.）解析：二、Part II Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning）（总题数：1, 分 数：71.00）Pollution: A Life

6、 and Death IssueOne of the main themes of Planet under Pressure is the way many of the Earths environmental crises reinforce one another. Pollution is an obvious example-we do not have the option of growing food, or finding enough water, on a squeaky-clean planet, but on one increasingly tarnished a

7、nd trashed by the way we have used it so far.Cutting waste and clearing up pollution cost money. Yet time and again it is the quest for wealth that generates much of the mess is the first place. Living in a way that is less damaging to the Earth is not easy, but it is vital, because pollution is per

8、vasive and often life-threatening.Air: the World Health Organization （WHO） says three million people are killedA.the same asB.different from VC.more popular thanD.less often talked about than解析：推断题。由文章第三段第二句可知，美国如今的肥胖禁忌跟其他的禁忌不同 人们经常讨论关于肥胖的话题，所以B正确。5 4).What does thin is In, and fat is out” mean?(分数：

9、14.2)A.Thin is inside, and fat is outside11.B.Thin is diligent, and fat is lazy.C.Thin is youthful, and fat is spiritless.D.Thin is fashionable, and fat is unfashionable11. V解析：语义题。解答此题的关键在于理解in与out在此处的含义：前者指“流行 的，时髦的”，后者指“过时的，不再时髦的。另外，由文章第三段中对thin 及fat的描述也可推知，前者比拟流行，后者过时，应选D。6 5).Apart from this ne

10、w understanding of the correlation between health and exercise, the main reason the passage gives for why so many Americans are exercising regularly is.(分数：14.2)A.their changed life styleB.their eagerness to stay thin and youthful VC.their appreciation of the importance of exerciseD.the encouragemen

11、t they have received from their companies解析：推断题。由文章第三、四段可知，美国人认为肥胖是“禁忌”，他们追求苗 条和年轻，所以热衷于锻炼，由此推断，B正确。Passage TwoQuestions are based on the following passage.We can begin our discussion of population as global issue with what most persons mean when they discuss the population problem: too many people

12、on earth and a too rapid increase in the number added each year. The facts are not in dispute; it was quite right to employ the analogy that likened demographic growth to a long, thin powder fuse that burns steadily and haltingly until it finally reaches the charge and explodes.To understand the cur

13、rent situation, which is characterized by rapid increases in population, it is necessary to understand the history of population trends. Rapid growth is a comparatively recent phenomenon. Looking back at the 8,000 years of demographic history, we find that populations have been virtually stable or g

14、rowing very slightly for most of human history. For most of our ancestors, life was hard, often nasty, and very short. There was high fertility in most places, but this was usually balanced by high mortality. For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past f

15、orty, while infancy and childhood were especially risky periods. Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birthrates. Thus, the population problem throughout most of history was how to prevent extinction of the human race.This pattern is important to

16、 notice. Not only does it put the current problems of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is not a sudden enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused hig

17、h mortality.Demographic history can be divided into two major periods: a time of long, slow growth which extended from about 8000 B.C. till approximately 1650 A.D. In the first period of some 9,600 years, the population increased from some 8million to 500 million in 1650. Between 1650 and 1975, the

18、population has increased from 500 million to more than 4 billion. And the population reached 6.2 billion throughout the world by the year 2000. One way to appreciate this dramatic difference in such abstract numbers is to reduce the time frame to something that is more manageable. Between 8000 B.C.

19、and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the worlds population. At present, this number is added every six hours. The increase is about 80,000,000 persons annually.（分数：71.0）（1） .The word demographic （Line 4, Para. 1） means.（分数：14.2） A.statistics of human VB.surrounding

20、s studyC.accumulation of human 0.development of human 解析：语义题。由文章第一段中的 the population problem 及 rapid increase in the number可知，demographic的含义应该与“人口”和“数量”有关，而-graphic 表示“写、画、记录的”，由此推断A（人口统计）正 确。B（环境研究），C（人口的 积聚），D（人类的开展），均与文意不符，故排除。（2） .Which of the following demographic growth patterns is most suitab

21、le for the long thin powder fuse analogy?（分数：14.2）A.A virtually stable or slightly decreasing period and then a sudden explosion of population.B.A slow growth for a long time and then a period of rapid, dramatic increase. VC.Too many people on earth and a few rapid increase in the number added each

22、year.D.A long period when death rates exceed birthrates and then a short period with higher fertility and lower mortality.解析：推断题。由文章第二段第二句和第三句的virtually stable or growing very slightly for most of human history可知，文章第一段最后一句的引申意思是：在人 口缓慢稳定的增长之后会出现人口的激增。四个选项之中，只有B与其最相符, 应选Bo（3） .During the first period

23、 of demographic history, societies were often in danger of extinction because.（分数：14.2）A.only one in ten persons could live past 40B.there was higher mortality than fertility in most places VC.it was too dangerous to have babies due to the poor conditionsD.our ancestors had little enthusiasm for mor

24、e children解析：细节题。由文章第二段倒数第二句可知，在人口统计学历史上的第一个阶段, 社会常有覆灭的危险是因为很多地方人口死亡率比出生率高，所以B正确。（4） .Which statement is TRUE about population increase?（分数：14.2）A.There might be an increase of 2.2 billion persons from 1975 to the year 2000. VB.About 50,000 babies are born annually at present.C.Between 8000 B.C. and

25、 the present, the population increase is about 80,000,000 persons each year.D.The population increased faster between 8000 B.C. and 1650 than between 1650 and the present.解析：推断题。由文章第四段第三、四句可知，1650到1975年，世界人口增长至 40亿，到2000年已经增长至62亿，由此可知，从1975年至2000年世界人口增 长了 22亿，应选A。（5） .The author of the passage inten

26、ds to.（分数：14.2）A.warn people against the population explosion in the near futureB pare the demographic growth pattern in the past with that after 1650 C.find out the cause for rapid increase in population in recent years 0.present us a clear and complete picture of the demographic growth V 解析：推断题。通读

27、全文可知，文章主要描述了世界人口增长的历史和现状，作者 的目的在于使读者能够清楚地了解世界人口的增长状况，所以D正确。B项对照 历史上人口增长的两种模式是作者到达目的的手段。六、Part IV Translation（总题数：5,分数：100.00）2.Southern Africa has（该病的患病率最高，几乎是亚洲的两倍）.（分 数:20,00）填空项1： （正确答案：the highest rates of this disease, almost twice that of Asia ）解析：“患病率”可用the rates of this disease来表示；“儿乎”应该作“患病

28、 率”的补语，可译为省略结构；“两倍”应为twice,此处指的是南非的发病率是 亚洲的发病率的两倍，因 此应译为twice that of Asia,其中that指代的就是the rates of this disease。3.It is time the authorities concerned （采取适当措施来解决交通）. （分数:20.00）填空项1： （正确答案： took proper steps to solve the traffic problems ）解析：该句包含it is time的结构，该结构一般表示虚拟，其从句要用一般过去时。“采取措施”为从句谓语，因此要译为too

29、k steps或took measures； 来解决交 通问题”为不定式表示目的，其中“解决问题”可译为固定动宾搭配solve problemso 止匕处还可译为 took proper measures to solve the traffic problemso4.ln my opinion, playing video games（既花费大量的时间也有害健 康）.（分数:20.00）填空项1： （正确答案：not only takes much time but is also harmful to health）解析：由给出的中英文可知，playing video games应为句子主

30、语，其谓语动词应采 用单数第三人称形式。既又”应译为not onlybut also； ”花费（时间）” 可译为take, “有害（健康）”可译为be harmful to。5 .When it comes to education,1多数人都认为教育是终生学习）.（分 数：20.00）填空项1： （正确答案：the majority of people believe that it is a lifetime study）解析：结合给出的中英文可知，“教育是终生学习”可译为“认为”的宾语从句。“多数人”应译为the majority of people, “认为”可译为think或beli

31、eve。而“终 生学习”那么为 a lifetime study。6 .The situation w川worsen（除非采取措施加以阻止）.（分数：20.00）填空项1：（正确答案:unless some steps are taken to stop it）解析：结合给出的中英文可知，所译局部应为unless引导的条件状语从句。中文部 分并没有明确给出是谁“采取措施”，因此应用被动语态;“措施”可 译为measure 或step,表示目的的“加以”可译为不定式的标志词to,还要注意“阻止”的宾 语应为situation,翻译时可用代词it来指代。worldwide by outdoor a

32、ir pollution annually from vehicles and industrial emissions, and 1.6 million indoors through using solid fuel. Most are in poor countries.Water: diseases carried in water are responsible for 80% of illnesses and deaths in developing countries, killing a child every eight seconds. Each year 2.1 mill

33、ion people die from diarrhoeal （痢疾的）diseases associated with poor water.Soil: contaminated land is a problem in industrialized countries, where former factories and power stations can leave waste like heavy metals in the soil. It can also occur in developing countries, sometimes used for dumping pes

34、ticides. Agriculture can pollute land with pesticides, nitrate-rich fertilizers and slurry from livestock. And when the contamination reaches rivers it damages life there, and can even create dead zones off the coast, as in the Gulf of Mexico.Chronic ProblemChemicals are a frequent pollutant. When w

35、e think of chemical contamination it is often images of events like Bhopal that come to mind. But the problem is widespread. One study says 720% of cancers are attributable to poor air and pollution in homes and workplaces. The WHO, concerned about chemicals that persist and build up in the body, es

36、pecially in the young, says we may be conducting a large-scale experiment with childrens health.Some man-made chemicals, endocrine （内分泌）disruptors like phthalates （醐酸 盐）and nonylphenol a breakdown product of spermicides （杀精子齐!J）, cosmetics and detergents-are blamed for causing changes in the genital

37、s of some animals. Affected species include polar bears-so not even the Arctic is immune. And the chemicals climb the food chain, from fish to mammals, and to us.About 70,000 chemicals are on the market, with around 1,500 new ones appearing annually. At least 30,000 are thought never to have been co

38、mprehensively tested for their possible risks to people.At first glance, the plastic buckets stacked in the corner of the environmental NGO office look like any others. But the containers are an unlikely weapon in one poor communitys fight against oil companies which they say are responsible for wid

39、espread ill-health caused by years of pollution. The vessels are used by a network of local volunteers, known as the Bucket Brigade, to gather air samples in neighborhoods bordering oil refineries, as part of a campaign to monitor and document air pollution which they believe is coming from the plan

40、ts.In South Africa, as in many developing and newly industrialized countries, legislation on air pollution has failed to keep pace with mushrooming industries. So local residents, like many in poor communities around the globe, have faced the problem of investigating their claim that industries on t

41、heir doorsteps are making them sick.Trade-offBut the snag is that modern society demands many of them, and some are essential for survival. So while we invoke the precautionary principle, which always recommends erring on the side of caution, we have to recognize there will be trade-offs to be made.

42、The pesticide DDT does great damage to wildlife and can affect the human nervous system, but can also be effective against malaria （疟疾）.Where does the priority lie?The industrialized world has not yet cleaned up the mess it created, but it is reaping the benefits of the pollution it has caused. It c

43、an hardly tell the developing countries that they have no right to follow suit.Another complication in tackling pollution is that it does not respect political frontiers. There is a U.N. convention on trans-boundary air pollution, but that cannot cover every problem that can arise between neighbors,

44、 or between states which do not share a border. Perhaps the best example is climate change-the countries of the world share one atmosphere, and what one does can affect everyone.For One and AllOne of the principles that are supposed to apply here is simple-the polluter pays. Sometimes it is obvious

45、who is to blame and who must pay the price, but it is not always straightforward to work out just who is the polluter, or whether the rest of us would be happy to pay the price of stopping the pollution.One way of cleaning up after ourselves would be to throw less away, designing products to be recy

46、cled or even just to last longer.Previous generations worked on the assumption that discarding our waste was a proper way to get rid of it, so we used to dump nuclear materials and other potential hazards at sea, confident they would be dispersed in the depths.We now think that is too risky because,

47、 as one author wrote, theres no such place as away*, and theres no such person as the other.Irritating AirDespite recent improvements, however, the health problems are still there. A 2002 medical study, carried out by Durbans Nelson Mandela School of Medicine and a U.S. university, found that an abn

48、ormally high 52% of students and teachers at a primary school bordering the Engen plant suffered from asthma （哮喘）. It found that increases in air pollution tended to aggravate asthma symptoms in children.The petrol producers do not dispute the findings but argue that researchers were unable to establish a causal link between air pollution and the high prevalence of asthma among the school population.For the community, the next step is to take legal action. But, according to internationally recognized environmentalist Bobby Peek, targeting the companies would be difficult as it would be n