1998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案.docx

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1、1998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案Section I Structure and VocabularyPart ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brac

2、kets with a pencil. (5 points)Example:I have been to the Great Wall three times 1979.A fromafterB forsinceThe sentence should read, /ZI have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979. Therefore, you should choose D.24. The returns in the short may be small, but over anumber of years the investme

3、nt will be well repaid.A intervalrangeB span ( D )term25. A thorough study of biology requires with theproperties of trees and plants, and the habit of birds and beasts.A acquisitiondiscriminationB curiosity ( D )familiarity26. She worked hard at her task before she felt sure that the results would

4、her long effort.A justify B testifyrectify ( A )C verifyF m very glad to know that my boss has generously agreed to my debt in return for certain services.A take awaycut outB write off ( C )clear up27. Some journalists often overstate the situation so that their news may create a great.A explosionse

5、nsationB exaggeration ( B )stimulation28. According to what you havejust said, am I to understand that his new post no responsibility with it at all?A shoulderspossessesB carries ( C )shares29. Sometimes the student may be asked to write about his to a certain book or article that has some bearing o

6、n the subject being studied.A commentreactionB impression ( B )comprehension30. Please yourself from smoking and spitting in publicplaces, since the law forbids them.A restrainhinderB restrict ( A )D prohibit31. Without telephone it would be impossible to carry on the functions of every business ope

7、ration in the wholecountry.A practicallypreferablyB precisely ( A )presumably32. Preliminary estimation puts the figure at around $110 billion, the $160 billion the President is struggling to getthrough the Congress.A in proportion toin reply toB in relation to ( D )in contrast to33. He is planning

8、another tour abroad, yet his passport will at the end of this month.A expireexceedB terminate ( A )cease34. All the off-shore oil explorers were in high spirits as they read letters from their families.A sentimentalaffectionateB intimate ( B )sensitive35. Several international events in the early 19

9、90s seem likely to , or at least weaken, the trends that emerged in the1980s.A revoltrevolveB reverse ( C )D revive37.1 was unaware of the critical points involved, so my choice was quite.A arbitraryrationalB mechanical ( A )unpredictable38. The local people were joyfully surprised to find the price

10、 of vegetables no longer according to the weather.A alteredconvertedB fluctuated ( C )modified39. The pursuit of leisure on the part of the employees will certainly not their prospect of promotion.A spurfurtherB induce ( B )reinforce40. In what to a last minute stay of execution, a councilannounced

11、that emergency funding would keep alive two aging satellites.A appliesaccountsB attaches ( D )amounts Section II Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked Az B, Cz and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackeni

12、ng the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the man. But they insisted that its results during the period

13、 from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the of the English population, contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.This view, is generally thought to be wrong. Special

14、ists history and economics, have two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.41. A admittedbelievedB claimed ( A )predicted42. A plain B averagem

15、ean ( B )C normalA momentaryB promptinstant ( D )C immediateA bulkB hostgross ( A )C magnitudeA OnB WithFor ( D )C ByA broadlyB thoroughlygenerally ( D )C completelyA howeverB meanwhiletherefore ( A )C moreoverA atB inabout ( B )C forA manifestedB approvedshown ( C ) D speculated1.1 worked so late i

16、n the office last night that I hardly had time the last bus.A to have caughtto catchB catching ( B )having caught2. As it turned out to be a small house party, we soformally.A needn7 t dress updid not need have dressed upB did not need dress up ( D )needn7 t have dressed up4.1 apologize if I you, bu

17、t I assure you it wasunintentional.A offendhad offended50. A notedimpressedB labeled ( D )markedSection III Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A, B, C and D. Read the passages carefully and choose

18、the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Text 1Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams. Perhaps it is humankind7 s long suffering at the mercy

19、 of flood and drought that makes the idea of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating. But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good.The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. It doesn7 t help that buildi

20、ng a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves. Egypt s leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam. Turkey7 s bid for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam.But big dams tend not to work as intended. The

21、Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left - all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists. This week, in the heart o

22、f civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube. The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs, and now needs a dam to prove itself.M

23、eanwhile, in India, the World Bank has given the go-ahead to the even more wrong-headed Narmada Dam. And the bank has done this even though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction. The benefits are for the powerful, but they are far from guarantee

24、d.Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts. Hydroelectric power and flood control and irrigation are possible without building monster dams. But when you are dealing with myths, it is hard to be either prope

25、r, or scientific. It is time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan. You don7 t need a dam to be saved.51. The third sentence of Paragraph 1 implies that.A people would be happy if they shut their eyes to realitythe blind could be happier than the sightedB over-excited people tend to neglect vi

26、tal things ( C )fascination makes people lose their eyesight52. In Paragraph 5Z /zthe powerless“ probably refers toareas short of electricityA dams without power stationspoor countries around India ( D )B common people in the Narmada Dam areaWhat is the myth concerning giant dams?A They bring in mor

27、e fertile soil.B They help defend the country.C They strengthen international ties. ( D )They have universal control of the waters.53. What the author tries to suggest may best be interpreted asIt s no use crying over spilt milk”A Z/More haste, less speed”Look before you leap ( C )B /zHe who laughs

28、last laughs bestText 2Well, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without gain? Everywhere you go in America, you hear tales of corporate revival. What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.The official

29、 statistics are mildly discouraging. They show that, if you lump manufacturing and services together, productivity has grown on average by 1.2% since 1987. That is somewhat faster than the average during the previous decade. And since 1991, productivity has increased by about 2% a year, which is mor

30、e than twice the 1978-87 average. The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a disjunct

31、ion between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.Some of this can be easily explained. New ways of organizing the workplace all that re-engineering and downsizing - are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an

32、economy,which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training. Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing productivity:

33、switching to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much.Two other explanations are more speculative. First, some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second, even if it was well done, it may have spread much less widely than people suppose.Leonard S

34、chlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much re-engineering has been crude. In many cases, he believes, the loss of revenue has been greater than the reductions in cost. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far t

35、oo many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability. BBDO s Al Rosenshine is blunter. He dismisses a lot of the work of re-engineering consultants as mere rubbish - z/the worst sort of ambulance chasi

36、ng/7According to the author, the American economic situation isA not as good as it seemsat its turning pointB much better than it seems ( A )near to complete recovery54. The official statistics on productivity growth.A exclude the usual rebound in a business cyclefall short of businessmen7 s anticip

37、ationB meet the expectation of business people ( B )fail to reflect the true state of economy55. The author raises the question what about pain without gain?” because.A he questions the truth of no gain without pain”he does not think the productivity revolution worksB he wonders if the official stat

38、istics are misleading ( B )he has conclusive evidence for the revival of businesses56. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?A Radical reforms are essential for the increase of productivity.B New ways of organizing workplaces may help to increase productivity.C The reduct

39、ion of costs is not a sure way to gain long-term profitability. (A)The consultants are a bunch of good-for-nothings.Text 3Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Gal I Heof s 17th-century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet Wi

40、lliam Blake s harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton.The schism between science and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century.Until recently, the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics - but no longer. As funding for s

41、cience has declined, scientists have attacked anti-science in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R. Gross, a biologist at the University of Virginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematician at Rutgers University; and The Demon-Haunted World, by Carl Sagan of Cornell University.Defenders

42、of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as The Flight from Science and Reason/7 held in New York City in 1995, and Science in the Age of (Mis) information/7 which assembled last June near Buffalo.Anti-science clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Levitt fi

43、nd fault primarily with sociologists, philosophers and other academics who have questioned science; s objectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview.A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti

44、-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, whose manifesto, publ

45、ished in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pre-technological utopia. But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are anti-science, as an essay in US News & l/l/or/c/Report ast May seemed to suggest.The environmentalists, inevitably, res

46、pond to such critics. The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.Indeed, some observers fear t

47、hat the anti-science epithet is in danger of becoming meaningless. The term /anti-science, can lump together too many, quite different things/7 notes Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his 1993 work Science and An ti -Science. They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy o

48、r threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened.,zThe word schism” (Line 4, Paragraph 1) in the context probably means.C should have offended ( B )might have offended4. Although a teenager, Fred could resist what to do andwhat not to do.A to be toldhaving been toldB being told ( C )to have been told5. Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if