1999年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案.docx

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1、1999年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案Section I Structure and VocabularyPart ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets

2、 with a pencil. (5 points)Anyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion about economic recovery just aroundthe corner was untrue.A would beto beB was ( D ) D being26. Poverty is not in most cities although, perhapsbecause of the crowded conditions in certain areas, it i

3、s more visible there.A raretemporaryB prevalent ( C )segmental27. People who live in small towns often seem more friendly than those living in populated areas.A denselyintenselyB abundantly ( A )highly28. As a way of the mails while they were away, theJohnsons asked the cleaning lady to send little

4、printed slips asking the senders to write again later.A picking upcoping withB passing out ( B )getting across29. Tom s mother tried hard to persuade him to from hisintention to invest his savings in stock marketA pull outgive upB draw in ( D )back down30. An increasing proportion of our population,

5、 unable to live without advanced medical, will become progressively more reliant on expensive technology.A interferenceinterruptionB intervention ( C ) D interactionThese causes produced the great change in the country that modernized the of higher education from the mid-1860s to the mid-1880, s.A b

6、ranchcategoryB domain ( C )scope31. Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the in the financial system will drag down the economy.A shallownessshakinessB scantiness ( B )stiffness32. Crisis would be the right term to describe the inmany animal species.A minimizationB restrictionC descent ( D )d

7、ecline33. The city is an important railroad and industrial andconvention center.A conjunctionnetworkB junction ( C )link34. Prof. White, my respected tutor, frequently reminds me to myself of every chance to improve my English.A assureinformB avail ( C ) D notifyResearchers discovered that plants in

8、fected with a virus give off a gas that disease resistance in neighboring plants.A contractsactivatesB maintains ( B )prescribes35. Corporations and labor unions have great benefitsupon their employees and members as well as upon the general public.A conferredgrantedB flung ( A )submitted36. The mov

9、ement of the moon conveniently provided the unit of month, which was from one new moon to the next.A measuredB reckonedC judged ( B )assessed37. The judge ruled that the evidence was inadmissible on the grounds that it was to the issue at hand.A irrationalunreasonableB invalid ( D )irrelevant38. Fue

10、l scarcities and price increases automobiledesigners to scale down the largest models and to develop completely new lines of small cars and trucks.A persuadedpromptedB imposed ( B ) D enlightened Section II Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices

11、 marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue

12、 working to keep them and active. When the work is well done, a of accident-free operations is established time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.Successful safety programs may greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding.

13、 Others stress safe work practices by rules or regulations, others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial s

14、tandpoint alone, safety . The fewer the injury, the better the workman1 s insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at or at a loss.39. A atinB on(D)with40. A alivevividB mobile ( A )diverse41. A regulationclimateB circumstance ( B )requirement42. A whereB howC what ( A )unless4

15、3. A alterdifferB shift ( B )distinguish44. A constitutingaggravatingB observing ( C )justifying45. A SomeManyB Even ( D ) D StillA comes offB turns uppays off ( C )C holds upA claimsB reportsdeclarations ( A )C proclamationsA an advantageB a benefitan interest ( D )C a profitSection III Reading Com

16、prehensionDirections:2. Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills people each year than automobile accidents.A seven more timesseven times moreB over seven times ( B )seven times3. It s easy to blame the decline of conversation on the pace of modern life and on the vague changes place i

17、n ourever-changing world.A takingto takeB take ( A )taken4. This is an exciting area of study, and one which newapplications are being discovered almost daily.A fromEach of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked Az B, C and D. Read the passa

18、ges carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Text 1It s a rough world out there. Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat Light up the

19、 stove and you could burn down the house. Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers7 misfortun

20、es.Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn, among other things, that you might surprise! fall off. The label on a child s Batman cape cautions that the to

21、y /zdoes not enable user to fly.While warnings are often appropriate and necessary - the dangers of drug interactions, for example - and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn t clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.

22、 About 50 percent of the companies lose when injured customers take them to courtNow the tide appears to be turning. As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn7 t have changed anything. In

23、 May, Julie Nimmons, president of Schutt Sports in Illinois, successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet We re really sorry he has become paralyzed, but helmets aren7 t designed to prevent those kinds of injuries/1 says Nimmons.

24、 Thejury agreed that the nature of the game, not the helmet, was the reason for the athlete7 s injury. At the same time, the American Law Institute - a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight - issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies n

25、eed not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones. Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities,“ says a law professor at Cornell law School who helped draft the new guidelines. If the moderate end of the legal community has its way, the

26、information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability.51. What were things like in 1980s when accidents happened?A Customers might be relieved of their disasters through lawsuits.B Injured customers could expect protection from

27、the legal system.C Companies would avoid being sued by providing new warnings. ( B )Juries tended to find fault with the compensations companies promised.52. Manufacturers as mentioned in the passage tend to.A satisfy customers by writing long warnings on productsbecome honest in describing the inad

28、equacies of their productsB make the best use of labels to avoid legal liability ( C )feel obliged to view customers7 safety as their first concern53. The case of Schutt helmet demonstrated that.A some injury claims were no longer supported by lawhelmets were not designed to prevent injuriesB produc

29、t labels would eventually be discarded ( A )some sports games might lose popularity with athletes54. The author s attitude towards the issue seems to be.A biasedindifferentB puzzling ( D )objectiveText 2In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap th

30、e consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because businesspeople typically know what product they re looking for.Nonetheless, many companies

31、still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability. Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier/1 says senior analyst Blane Erwin of Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with establishe

32、d business partners who are given access to the company7 s private intranet.Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing. Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to pull customers into sites. In the past year,

33、 however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to push information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers. Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisem

34、ents to subscribers7 computer monitors. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a company7 s Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product offeri

35、ngs, or other events. But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web

36、and television fades. That7 s a prospect that horrifies Net purists.But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon , and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with

37、the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took th

38、e online plunge.55. We learn from the beginning of the passage that Web business .A has been striving to expand its marketintended to follow a fanciful fashionB tried but in vain to control the market ( A )has been booming for one year or so56. Speaking of the online technology available for marketi

39、ng, the author implies that.A the technology is popular with many Web usersbusinesses have faith in the reliability of online transactionsB there is a radical change in strategy ( C )it is accessible limitedly to established partners57. In the view of Net purists,.A there should be no marketing mess

40、ages in online culturemoney making should be given priority to on the WebB the Web should be able to function as the television set ( D )there should be no online commercial information without requests58. We learn from the last paragraph that.A pushing information on the Web is essential to Interne

41、t commerceinteractivity, hospitality and security are important to online customersB leading companies began to take the online plunge decades ago ( B )setting up shops in silicon is independent of the cost of computing powerText 3An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classr

42、oom on the behalf of students7 career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. Very few writers on the subject have explored this distinction - indeed, contradiction - which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to p

43、ut computers in the classroom.An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law. It is not simply to raise everyone7 s job prospects that all children are legally req

44、uired to attend school into their teens. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. But this was not always the case; before it was legally req

45、uired for all children to attend school until a certain age, it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education. With optimism characteristic of all industrialized countries, we came to accept that everyone is fit to be educated. Computer-education adv

46、ocates forsake this optimistic notion for a pessimism that betrays their otherwise cheery outlook. Banking on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools, computered advocates often emphasize the job prospects of graduates over their educational achie

47、vementThere are some good arguments for a technical education given the right kind of student Many European schools introduce the concept of professional training early on in order to make sure children are properly equipped for the professions they want to join. It is, however, presumptuous to insi

48、st that there will only be so many jobs for so many scientists, so many businessmen, so many accountants. Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all o