山东省济南莱州市2021届高三上学期开学考试英语试题Word版含解析.docx

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1、莱州市高三入学测试 英语试题 本卷须知：1 .答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2 .答复选择题时，选出每题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。答复非选择题时，将答案写 在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3 .考试结束后，只交答题卡。第一局部阅读（共两节，总分值40分）第一节（共15小题；每题2分，总分值30分）阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最正确选项。ABook Your Field Trip to Pacific Science CenterA field trip to P

2、acificScienceCenter is a time-honored tradition for students of all ages across Washington State. Our hands-on exhibits shows, and creative programs inspire students curiosity for science in a day of exploration meant to strengthen your curriculum and fuel lifelong enthusiasm for science, math, engi

3、neering and technology.Schedule （安排）Your Field TripTo schedule your field trip, complete the registration request form available at the link pacificsciencecenter.org/field-tripsl/, or call （206） 443-2925 Monday 一 Friday from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. not less than two weeks ahead of your visit date. We

4、 will contact you within two business days to set up your field trip.New Fall/winter HoursStarting September 3, 2021 PacSci will be closed on Mondays and Tuesdays except for holidays and weeks during Seattle Public School breaks. We will no longer be booking field trips on those days, as well.Pricin

5、g推理判断题。根据第一段中的 Contrary to common belief, people just arent organized into certain personality types.（与普遍的看法相反，人们并不是按照特定的性格类型组织起来的）可推知，人 们通常认为每个人都属于某种特定的性格类型。应选BoField Trip PackagePrice Per Student13题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的 Animals and humans have common problems of survival, which are spelled out beautifu

6、lly in the Big Five, and thats why there5s so much continuity in human personality and animal personality.（动物和人类都有共同的生存问题，这在大五类人格中被完美地阐述了出 来，这就是为什么人类和动物的人格具有如此多的连续性）及随后提到了一些动物的例子可推 知，在第二段中提到一些动物的目的是为了对它们的行为进行新的解释。应选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 Depending on the situation, each of the Big Five can be advan

7、tageous. For example, agreeableness is great for relationships. But if a lion were charging at you, youd be better off with a less agreeable and more aggressive personality.（视f青况而定, 大五类人格 中的每一个都可能是有利的。例如，宜人性对人际关系很重要。但如果狮子向你冲来，你最 好选择一个不那么随和、更具攻击性的个性）可推知，我们表现出特定的个性是为了适应特定 的环境。应选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中的

8、Over the last 25 years, psychologists have found that personalities center on five basic traits（特性）一 the Big Five: agreeableness, conscientiousness （责任心）, neuroticism, extroversion and openness.（在过去的25年里，心理学家发现，人格主要集中在五种 根本特征上一一大五类人格：宜人性、尽责性、神经质、外向性和开放性）及最后一段中的 Because the world is so unpredictable,

9、 every aspect of each personality trait could be useful at different times, so instead of evolving a single type of personality thafs best for every situation, were left with a wide variety.（因为世界是如此不可预测，每种人格特征的每个方面都可能在不同的 时间有用，所以我们没有进化出一种适合每种情况的单一人格类型，而是留下了多种多样的 个性）可知，文章主要论述了人格的多样性和可变性。应选D。【点睛】在做推理判

10、断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行符 合逻辑的推理判断。如第 1 小题，What do people generally think about personality types?要求判 断出人们通常怎么看待性格类型。根据第一段中的Contrary to common belief, people just arent organized into certain personality types.（与普遍的看法相反，人们并不是按照特定的性格类型组织起来的）可推知，人们通常认为每个人都属于某种特定的性格类型。应选B第二节（共5小题；每题2分，总分值10分）根据短文

11、内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Culture shock is the emotional and mental reaction to being in a completely new cultural environment. 16 it generally consists of several stages of feelings.The honeymoon stage“ is usually, the first stage that people go through when surrounded by different cult

12、ural values and lifestyles. During this stage, people have positive images of their new cultural surroundings. They tend to view these in an idealistic way and ignore problems. 17 This stage is usually quite short and quickly replaced by the second stage called “the frustration stage.During the frus

13、tration stage” , newcomers begin to act negatively. 18 Visitors tend to exaggerate （夸大）problems in the new culture. They may feel isolated （孤立）during this stage. Depending on ones situation, this stage can last days, months, or even years.With the frustration stage ending, the adjustment stage begin

14、s. This marks the time when newcomers try their best to accept the differences of the new culture and the challenges of everyday life.19 Some newcomers enter the mastery stage“ and are completely accustomed to the values and beliefs of the new culture. They are able to handle the new culture like a

15、native while keeping some of their own original cultural values. Some choose the rejection stage“ and decide against fitting in with the new culture. 20_ Other newcomers completely adopt the identityof the new culture and give up the values and beliefs of their home culture.A. Meeting new people is

16、seen as fascinating.B. The new cultural surroundings are no longer novel.C. They regain their sense of balance and become confident.D. This process opens the door to three possible outcomes.E. For many people this is often a very difficult experience.F. A person experiencing culture shock may displa

17、y many symptoms.G. They usually permanently withdraw from the culture through isolation or returning home.【答案】16. E 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. G【解析】【16题详解】 本文开篇提到了 文化休克这一现象。E选项For many people this is often a very difficult experience.“对于很多人来说这是一个很困难的经历，切题。句中this代指Culture shock。 故E选项正确。【17题详解】本段主要是关于“文化休克

18、中的蜜月期。在这个阶段人们对于周围的新事物反响会很积极, 肯定。A Meeting new people is seen as fascinating. “遇见新的面孔是令人着迷的。切题。【18题详解】文章第三段主要是关于“文化休克中的“挫折期。在这一阶段，新人们会变的消极。B选 项 The new cultural surroundings are no longer novel. “新的文化环境不再新颖切题。【19题详解】本段主要是关于“文化休克中的“精通阶段。后句Some newcomers enter the mastery stage“ and are completely accu

19、stomed to the values and beliefs of the new culture.提至U新来者会完 全习惯于新文化的价值观和信念。故C选项They regain their sense of balance and become confident.他们会重获平衡并建立自信切题。【20题详解】前句 Some choose the rejection stage“ and decide against fitting in with the new culture.提至U有些 人选择“排斥期，在这个阶段他们会反对融入新的文化。故G选项They usually permane

20、ntly withdraw from the culture through isolation or returning hom已“他们会永远通过自我孤立和返回 原籍来逃避新的文化切题。第二局部语言运用（共两节，总分值25分）第一节（共15小题；每题1分，总分值15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空 白处的最正确选项。13-year-old Madison was studying at home when her mother burst in. She said a boy had fallen into a septic tank （化粪池）a

21、nd made an urgent 21 for Madisons help.They ran to a neighbors yard, where the anxious adults surrounded the septic tank opening22 wider than a basketball. The boy, aged only 2, had slipped in and was drowning.Madison quickly 23 the situation. She was the only one who could 24 through thesmall openi

22、ng. Without hesitation, she got close to the opening and said, 25 me in/，Some people held her waist and 26, She wiggled （扭动）arms and shoulders untilshe 27 the opening. Inside, the tank was dark and the air smelly. When she stuck her arms into the dirty water, she jammed her left wrist against a hidd

23、en stick, 28 it severely.29 tend to her injury, Madison scanned the surface of the dirty water, hoping to feel the underwater boy. Suddenly she saw his little toes stick out. When spotting the vague 30 of his foot again, Madison shot out her 31 hand, grasped the foot tightly and shouted, Pull me up!

24、As they nearly reached the surface, the boys other foot got stuck. She wiggled his foot until it was 32, Eventually they were lifted out.33, the kid wasnt out of trouble. Having suffered from lack of 34thatlong, he wasnt breathing. He was then given hard hits on the back until he coughed up water. A

25、t the sight of this, Madison sighed with relief.Madison received months of treatment for her wrist, which made her 35 actions moreA. protectionB. oxygenC. gravityD. energyimpressive.21. A. appointmentB.attemptC.choiceD.request22. A. partlyB.previouslyC.slightlyD.dramatically23. A. tackledB.examinedC

26、.disturbedD.lost24. A. lookB.jumpC.fillD.fit25. A. ThrowB.LowerC.ForceD.Push26. A. legsB.armsC.headD.hands27. A. adjusted toB.got throughC.tore downD.held on to28. A. touchingB.trappingC.injuringD.striking29. A. In an effort toB.Rather thanC.Likely toD.Ready to30. A. skinB.gestureC.pictureD.outline3

27、1. A. leftB.singleC.goodD.clumsy32. A. frozenB.freeC.flexibleD.bare33. A. HoweverB.InsteadC.ThereforeD.Personally34. A. unselfishB. thoughtlessC. unconsciousD. random【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. B30. D 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. B 35. A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。本文表达了女孩麦迪逊不顾自身安危，英勇进入化粪池营救小男孩的

28、感人 事迹。21题详解】考查名词词词义辨析。句意：她说一个男孩掉进了化粪池，并紧急请求麦迪逊的帮助。A. appointment 预约；B. attempt 尝试；C. choice 选择；D. request 请求。根据 She said a boy had fallen into a septic tankz,可知，麦迪逊的母亲说一个小男孩掉进化粪池，因此，她来请求(request)麦迪逊帮助。make an urgent request for help向某人紧急求助。应选D项。【22题详解】考查副词词词义辨析。句意：他们跑到邻居家的院子里，焦急的成年人围着比篮球稍宽的一 点的化粪池开口

29、处。A. partly局部地;B. previously之前地;C.的ghtly稍稍地;D. dramatically 显著地。根据 “The boy, aged only 2, had slipped in and was drowning. 可知,掉进化粪池的男 孩才2岁，可推知，化粪池的开口不大，比篮球直径稍稍(slightly)宽一点。应选C项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：麦迪逊很快检查了情况。A. tackled解决；B. examined检查；C.disturbed 干扰；D. lost 失去。根据 “She was the only one who could 4 th

30、rough the small opening/7可知，麦迪逊检查了 (examined)周围都是成年人以及化粪池洞口的这几个情况， 只有他身体比较小，能够穿进洞口。应选B项。【24题详解】考查动词词词义辨析。句意：她是唯一一个能穿过这个小洞的人。A. look看；B.jump跳；C. fill 填；D. fit 适合，容纳。根据上文 “where the anxious adults surrounded the septic tank opening2 wider than a basketball.，z可知，当麦迪逊到达的时候，围在化粪池洞口的都是成年人, 只有她是孩子，能够适合(fit

31、)穿过那个洞口。应选D项。25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她毫不犹豫地走近洞口说：“你们使我下降一点。 A.Throw把;B. Lower 使下降；C. Force 力；D. Push 推。根据下文“Some people held her waist and6.可知，麦迪逊要求别人帮助把她下降(Lower)到化粪池，她想下去营救男孩。应选B项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有人抱着她的腰和腿。A. legs腿；B. arms胳膊；C. head头；D. hands 手。根据下文 “She wiggled arms and shoulders until she 7 the ope

32、ning/可知，她扭动 她的胳膊和肩膀指导穿过洞口，可推知，她的腰和腿(legs)被别人抱住了。应选A项。【27题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：她扭动着胳膊和肩膀，直到她穿过洞口。A. adjusted to适应；B.got through 穿过；C. tore down 撤除；D. held on to 坚持。根据上一段 “She was the only one who could 4 through the small opening.”可知，只有她能够穿过洞口，因此，该句指她穿过(got through)洞口。应选B项。【28题详解】考查非谓语动词辨析。句意：当她把胳膊伸进脏水里时，左

33、手手腕卡在一根隐藏的棍子上， 手腕受伤很严重。A. touching触摸；B. trapping捕获;C. injuring弄伤；D. striking引人注目。 根据9tend to her injuryz，可知，隐藏的棍子(a hidden stick)把她的手腕弄伤(injuring),她顾不上自己的伤势。应选C项。【29题详解】考查短语辨析。句意：麦迪逊没有顾她的伤，而是扫描了污水的外表，希望能感觉到水下男 孩。A. In an effort to 为了； B. Rather than 而不是；C. Likely to 可能；D.Readyto 准备。根据 “ Madison scan

34、ned the surface of the dirty water, hoping to feel the underwater boy. 可知，麦迪逊首先顾及到的是小男孩的生命安危，而不是(Rather than)自己的伤势。应选B项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当麦迪逊再次看到他的脚的模糊的轮廓时，她伸出那只好手，紧 紧地抓住他的脚，喊道：“把我拉上来！ A. skin皮肤；B. gesture手势；C. picture图片； D. outline 轮廓。根据 Madison scanned the surface of the dirty water, hoping to f

35、eel the underwater boy.可知，男孩已经沉到脏水里，麦迪逊只能靠着自己的感觉去搜寻男孩，因此，该句指的 是小男孩的脚在污水外表的轮廓(outline)。应选D项。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当麦迪逊再次看到他的脚模糊的轮廓时，她伸出那只好手，紧 紧地抓住他的脚，喊道：“把我拉上来！ A. left左得知；B.single单的;C.good好的；D.ckimsy 笨拙的。根据第四段中 “When she stuck her arms into the dirty water, she jammed her left wrist against a hidden s

36、tick可知，麦迪逊的一个手腕严重受伤了，因此，她用好的good）那只手 去抓住男孩。应选C项。32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她扭动着他的脚直到它自由了。A.frozen冷冻；B. free自由的，摆脱的；C. flexible 灵活的；D.bare 裸的的艮据 As they nearly reached the surface, the boy9s other foot got stuck.可知，小男孩快被救出来的时候，他的另一只脚被卡住了，因此麦迪逊努力帮 助男孩把他的脚摆脱出来。“摆脱出来即是“自由的free） 。应选B项。33题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意:然而，孩子并没有脱

37、离危险。A.However然而；B. Instead相反地;C. Therefore 因此；D. Personally 个人地。根据 the kid wasnt out of trouble. 可知，虽然男孩 被救上来了，然而并没有脱离危险。句意与上文发生了转折，结合该空前的逗号，应该填副 词However,表示转折关系。应选A项。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于缺氧太久，他已经没有呼吸了。A. protection保护；B. oxygen 氧气；C. gravity 重力；D. energy 能源。根据Madison scanned the surface of the dirty

38、 water, hoping to feel the underwater boy.，z可知，小男孩当时已经沉到污水中，麦迪逊需要靠知觉去感 受男孩的位置。因此，被救上来时，已经缺氧oxygen）。应选B项。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：麦迪逊的手腕接受了数月的治疗，这使她无私的行为更加令人 印象深刻。A. unselfish 无私的；B. thoughtless 粗心的；C. unconscious 无意识的;D. random 随 机的。通读全文可知，此句指麦迪逊奋不顾身营救男孩的行为是无私的unselfish）。应选A 项。第二节（共10小题；每题1分，总分值10分）阅读下面短

39、文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Most of us might only begin to think about dinner in the afternoon. But Jelena begins to think about her big meal early each morning.After morning tea, Jelena and her husband Milan begin their plans for a 36 (taste) Serbian dish. The cooking method they use 37 (probable) c

40、omes from Jelenas mother or grandmother. Each recipe uses local foods 38 (find) in Serbian markets.Milan goes to the market to get the food they need and the 69-year-old Jelena makes plans for39 she will explain the cooking process to her 150,000 followers at the fixed time on YouTube.Once she is re

41、ady, Jelena films her cooking show from a small kitchen table. Online, Jelena is known 40 Granny Jela on her popular YouTube channel “Grannys Kitchen.Jelena has years of experience of cooking at home. Ten years ago, she started an online forum,41 she shared recipes and cooking 42 (tip) for meat, sou

42、p, bread, sweet treats and more.Her number of followers grew as time 43 (go) by. Then she decided to start a blog and began making videos with her mobile phone. Today, her videos on YouTube have over 50 million views.“Grannys Kitchen 44 (name) one of the Top 50 YouTube channels in Serbia in 2021.Gra

43、nny Jela just made it with continued efforts.So all we need is love, the will and desire to do something. Anything can be done only if we really want to do it and devote 45 (we) to it.【答案】36. tastyprobably37. found 39. how40. as 41. where42. tips 43. wentwas named44. ourselves【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了 Jel

44、ena成功将她的厨艺做到网上广为流行，成为2021年塞尔维亚 YouTube (视频网站前50名频道之一。【36题详解】考查形容词功用。句意：早茶过后，Jelena和她的丈夫Milan开始了他们美味的塞尔维亚菜肴 的方案。taste”品尝；味道为动词或名词，用来修饰名词时，需要用形容词。tasty”美味的 为形容词,句中修饰名词Serbian dish,作定语。故填tasty。【37题详解】考查副词。句意：他们使用 烹饪方法可能来自于Jelena的母亲或祖母。副词在句中修饰动词、 形容词或整句等，分析句子可知，句子主语为The cooking method they use,谓语为comes.

45、, 副词probably在主语和谓语之间做状语，修饰谓语动词。故填probably。【38题详解】考查非谓语动词过去分词。句意：每种食谱都使用在塞尔维亚市场找到的当地食物。分析句 子可知，空格处应为非谓语动词作定语。过去分词作定语和所修饰的内容有被动和完成的关 系。find “发现；找到为动词，和做修饰的foods卜食物之间为被动关系，需要用过去分 词，find过去分词为foundo故填foundo【39题详解】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：Milan去市场购置他们需要的食物，69岁的Jelena方案如何在 YouTube上的固定时间向她的15万粉丝解释烹饪。分析句子可知，空格应该是引导宾语从句

46、的连接词，根据句意，从句中缺少方式状语，故需要用连接副词how来引导，how意为“如何; 怎样。故填how。【40题详解】考查介词搭配。句意：在网上，Jelena在她流行的YouTube频道“奶奶的厨房中以“Granny Jela而知名。as “作为为介词，beknownas意为“作为而知名，为固定搭配，它的后 面可以跟表示某种职业或某物的名词。故填as。【41题详解】考查非限制性定语从句关系副词。句意：十年前，她创立了一个在线论坛，在那里她提供了 肉、汤、面包、甜点等等的食谱和烹饪技巧。分析句子可知，此句为含有非限制性定语从句 的复合句，先行词为an online forum,关系副词whe

47、re引导定语从句，作地点状语，意为“在那 里。故填whereo【42题详解】考查名词复数。句意：同6题。tip “建议；窍门为可数名词，句中所指为复数概念。cooking tips和recipes并列作shared的宾语，故填tips。【43题详解】考查时态。句意：随着时间的推移，她的追随者的数量也在增加。分析句子可知，句中as为 连词，意为“随着，后接从句，从句中需要谓语动词，根据上下文，可知句子是一般过去时, go的过去式为wento故填wento【44题详解】考查被动语态。句意：“奶奶的厨房在2021年被评为塞尔维亚YouTube前50名频道之一。 分析句子可知，句子主语为“Granny

48、s Kitchen”,空格处为谓语动词，name”命名；提名；选中为动词，和主语之间是被动关系，谓语需要用被动语态，其结构为be+动词过去分词，故 填 was named。45题详解】考查反身代词。句意：只有当我们真正想要去做并且全身心投入的时候，任何事情都可以完 成。当动作的承受者为主语自身时，承受者（宾语）要用反身代词devote oneself to 献身于 为动词固定短语。故填ourselves。【点睛】语法学习要以句子为单位，在句子篇章中去掌握熟练。平时多记忆一些典型例句， 通过典型例句，道生一，一生二，二生三，三生万物。通过本篇语法填空，我们学到了 Each recipe uses local foods found in Serbian markets.过去分词作定语）Ten years ago, she starte