2022版高中英语Unit4Wildlifeprotection高考练含解析新人教版必修2.docx

《2022版高中英语Unit4Wildlifeprotection高考练含解析新人教版必修2.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022版高中英语Unit4Wildlifeprotection高考练含解析新人教版必修2.docx（11页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、Unit 4 Wildlife protection五年高考练 阅读理解A主题语境:人与自然一人与动物语篇类型:说明文一建议用时：7、IJ（2021 全国甲，B, m）Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding（繁育）programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf （犀牛幼崽）. When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the res

2、erve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity（圈养）.Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: uObviously were all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family

3、. She，s healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. Its still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about explori

4、ng and playing every day. ”The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time

5、 mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the rhinos a critically endangeredv status. 词汇积累reserve ,保

6、护区 二.预留，预定obviously adv.明显地fantanstic a力:极好的1. adorable a口:可爱的，讨人喜欢的 句意除非你了解海狸鼠每年都在破坏大片的湿地，（否那么）毫无愧疚地谈论毛皮听起来很不 理智。C语篇解读 本文为说明文，主题语境为人与自然，主题语境内容为自然环境。地球上的生态 系统是如何运转的呢?物种之间有的关系非常紧密,有的关系疏远,科学家用数学模型来弄清 生态系统运转的奥秘。本文有助于培养学生的思维品质。9.B细节理解题。此题题干意为:在食物网数学模型的帮助下科学家们已经发现了什么？第 二段第一句话（利用这种模型，科学家们已经发现了一些在食物网运行过程中的

7、关键原那么）与 B项（影响生态系统食物网的规那么）相符，应选B项。A:在食物网中物种的生活习惯。C:研究 生态系统中物种的方法。D:食物网中关系疏远和关系紧密的区别。10. C细节理解题。此题题干意为:当一个捕食者,我们会从两个物种之间找到一个紧 密的关系。第二段第三句话（当一个捕食者总是大量吃一种猎物的时候,这两个物种之间就建 立起了紧密的关系）与C项（坚持吃一个物种的猎物）相符,应选C项。A:有广泛的食物选择。 B:能很容易找到新的猎物。D:能很快迁徙到另一个地方。11. D推理判断题。此题题干意为:如果食物网顶端的捕食者数量大量减少，会发生什么事? 根据第三段第一句（数学模型也揭示出食物

8、网可能不稳定,顶端的捕食者的小小变化都会给 整个生态系统带来巨大影响）可知，当食物网顶端的捕食者数量大幅度减少时,食物网中的其 他物种的数量会受到意想不到的影响，应选D项。A:它们直接捕食的猎物物种会灭绝。文中 没有提及会灭绝，排除A项。B:它们不直接捕食的物种会变成顶端捕食者。C:其他物种的生 活环境会保持不变。12. A推理判断题。此题题干意为:从第四段的例子中我们可以得出什么结论?第四段中以人 类在海洋中捕食顶端捕食者蟾鱼和在陆地上大量杀死顶端捕食者狼为例来解释说明第一句 话。结合 These actions have greatly affected the ecological ba

9、lance.可知 A 项（不 受控制的人类活动极大地打乱了生态系统）与此相符,应选A项。B:快速的经济开展威胁到了 动物的栖息地。C:具有商业价值的物种控制了其他物种。D:工业活动有助于保持食物网稳定。 这三项文中均没有信息提及。13. D推理判断题。此题题干意为:一个早期的警报系统会如何帮助我们保持生态平衡?根据 最后一段的描述:这套预警系统可以告诉我们什么时候调整将生态系统推向崩溃的人类活动 或甚至能将生态系统从崩溃边缘拉回。预防是关键,一旦生态系统超过了临界点那就非常难 恢复了。D项（这套系统通过发出紧急信号来让我们采取预防措施）与此相符，应选D项。A: 通过控制非法行为。B:通过阻止我

10、们捕杀大型捕食者。这两项文中没有信息提及。C:通过把 遭到破坏的生态系统拉回到正常状态。预警系统本身不能做到这一点,它只能给人类发出信 号。长难句分析原句 Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. 分析 本句是一个主从复合句。逗号前面局部是句子的主句。逗号后是关系副词where引导 的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词fo

11、od webso句意 数学模型也揭示出食物网可能是不稳定的。在食物网中顶端捕食者的小小的变化会对 整个生态系统产生巨大的影响。5. candidate .彳疾选人critically endangered 极度濒危的.Which of the following best describes the breeding programme?A. Costly. B. Controversial.C. Ambitious. D. Successful.2. What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino?A.She loves staying wi

12、th her mother.B. She dislikes outdoor activities.C. She is in good condition.D. She is sensitive to heat.3. What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have?A. They had their first born in January.B. They enjoyed exploring new places.C.They lived with their grandmothers.D. They were brought to the r

13、eserve young.4. What can be inferred about Port Lympne Reserve?A. The rhino section will be open to the public.B. It aims to control the number of the animals.C. It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.D. Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.B主题语境：人与自然一人与动物 语篇类型：说

14、明文 建议用时：7LJ（2020 全国 n,C,城）When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn，t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion （时装）enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria（海狸鼠）.Unusual fashion shows in New

15、Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria furmade into clothes in different styles. It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur一unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year, “ says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.Scientists in Louisiana were so conce

16、rned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. The ecosystem down there cant handle this non-native species（物种）.Its destroying the envi

17、ronment. Its them or us, “ says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He s

18、ays its not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300, 000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton，s job these days is trying to promote fur.Then theres Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions. Model Paige Morgan says, “To give peopl

19、e a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them一I think thats going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York. Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She

20、s trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly. 词汇积累environmentalist n.环保主义者ecologist .生态学家enthusiast .热心者,热烈的支持者1. bring back使再度流行;使恢复showcase 使展现multiply 代.繁殖promote .提高;促进;促销2. option n.选择massive adZ 巨大的morally ad匕道德上acceptable d力.可接受的；令人满意的5. What is the

21、 purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?A. To promote guilt-free fur.B. To expand the fashion market.C. To introduce a new brand.D. To celebrate a winter holiday.6. Why are scientists concerned about nutria?A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.B. Nutria are an endangered specie

22、s.C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.D. Nutria are illegally hunted.7. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Boomed.8. Became mature.C.Remained stable.D. Crashed.8. What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?A. It，s formal.B. Its risky

23、.C. Its harmful.D. Its traditional.C主题语境：人与自然一自然环境语篇类型：说明文 建议用时：8（2019 天津,C, *）How does an ecosystem（生态系统）work? What makes the populations of different species the way they are? Why are there so many flies and so few wolves? To find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models of food webs,

24、noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator（掠食动物）always eats huge numbers of a single prey（猎物），the two s

25、pecies are strongly linked; when a predator lives on various species, they are weakly linked. Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction（灭绝）of one of them. And if a pre

26、dator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare, the switch allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small

27、 changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species一including species they did not directly attack.And unplanned huma

28、n activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean, we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.Scientists have bui

29、lt an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally, the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key, scientists say, because once ecosystems

30、pass their tipping point （临界点），it is remarkably difficult for them to return. 词汇积累note 指出；注意；留意.笔记consist of 由组成dominate vt.支配;控制1. arrangement n.安排stable adj.稳定的original a力:最初的;原创的reveal vt.揭示;揭露2. throughout adv.普及；到处；自始至终propose vt.提议;建议scale n.规模ecological balance 生态平衡3. borderline .分界线What have

31、 scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs?A. The living habits of species in food webs.B.The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.C. The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.D. The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.9. A stron

32、g link is found between two species when a predator.A. has a wide food choicecan easily find new preysticks to one prey speciescan quickly move to another place10. What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline?A. The prey species they directly attack wi11 die out

33、.B.The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.C. The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.D. The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.11. What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4?A. Uncontrolled human activitie

34、s greatly upset ecosystems.B. Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.C.Species of commercial value dominate other species.D. Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.12. How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance?A. By getting illegal practices und

35、er control.B. By stopping us from killing large predators.C. By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal.D. By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.答案全解全析五年高考练语篇解读 本文为说明文,主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为人与动植物。文章主要介 绍了林姆尼港保护区新出生了一头犀牛幼崽。1 . D推理判断题。根据题干中的“the breeding programme”将答案区域锁定在第一段

36、。 此题题干意为:以下哪一项能最好地描述这个繁育工程？根据第一段第一句中的“has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf” 和最后句中的 “as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity” 可知，圈养状态下繁育黑犀牛 是困难的,而保护区迎来了一头新生黑犀牛幼崽,所以这个繁育工程是非常成功的，故答案 为D项。2 .C细节理解题。根据题干中的Paul Beer say将答案区域锁定在第二段。此题题干 意为：关于这头新生犀牛,Paul Beer说了什么？根

37、据第二段中“Shes healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. 可知，新生犀牛身体状况良好，故答案为C项。3 . A细节理解题。根据题干中的“Soli。and Kisima”可知要先明确两个名字的身份。本 题题干意为:Solio和Kisima有什么相似经历？根据第一段第二句中的“When the tiny creature arrived on January 31” 及第二段中的 “Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job.

38、 可知Solio是一月份第一次产崽。根据第三段 第二句中的 “The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima”可知Kisima也是一月份第一次产崽，故答案为A项。4 .D推理判断题。先看选项，然后快速浏览原文，找到与原文意思相符的选项。此题题干意 为：关于Port Lympne Reserve我们能推断出什么？根据第三段第一句中的“but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidate

39、s to be returned to protected areas of the wild”可知，有些犀牛可能被送回野生动物保护区，故答案为D项。解题技巧 在处理推理判断题时,如果直接分析有难度,可通读四个选项,把错误的选项排除, 也可获得答案。长难句分析原句 Its still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring

40、and playing every day.分析 本句中由并列连词but连接两个分句。在后面的分句中,as soon as引导时间状语从句，“that the little one.every day”为同位语从句，作名词doubt的同位语。句意 天气对它们来说还是有点太冷不能外此但我毫不怀疑天气一暖和起来,这头小犀牛 就会每天出去探索、玩耍。B语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主题语境是人与自然,主题语境内容为人与动物。文章介绍 了一些生态学家和时装爱好者试图让海狸鼠毛皮重回市场及其原因。本文旨在培养学生多角 度看待问题的能力。5 . A主旨大意题。此题题干意为:新奥尔良和布鲁克林时装秀的目的是什

41、么？根据第一段第 二句（不过,一些生态学家和时装爱好者正试图让海狸鼠毛皮市场复苏）,以及第二段Cree McCree所说的话（除非你了解海狸鼠每年都在破坏大片的湿地,否那么毫无愧疚地谈论毛皮听 起来很不理智）可推断出A项（毫无愧疚地销售毛皮）正确。B:拓展时装市场;C:介绍新的品 牌;D:庆祝寒假。6 . A细节理解题。此题题干意为:为什么科学家很担忧海狸鼠?根据第四段第一句可知海狸 鼠是由阿根廷引进的非本地物种,再结合Michael Massimi所说的话（那里的生态系统无法处 理这个非本地物种。它正在破坏环境）可知A项（海狸鼠严重破坏了生态系统）正确。B:海狸 鼠是濒危物种；C:海狸鼠危害

42、了当地体型如猫般大小的动物;D:海狸鼠被非法捕猎。7 .D词义猜想题。此题题干意为:第五段中的画线单词“collapsed”可能是什么意思?根据 第五段中的but可知,上文（毛皮贸易控制了海狸鼠几十年）与下文（当海狸鼠市场在20世纪 80年代末,这种猫般大小的动物疯狂地繁殖）存在转折关系,可推断出市场应该是“垮掉” 了。应选D。A:繁荣;B:变得成熟;C:保持稳定。8 .B推理判断题。此题题干意为:根据Morgan关于在纽约穿皮草,我们能推断出什么？根据 最后一段第二句Morgan说的话（给人们一个没有负罪感的选择，他们穿着皮草,却没有人朝 他们泼油漆一一我觉得那将是一件大事,至少在纽约是这样

43、）可推断出B项（它是有危险的） 正确。A:它是正式的;C:它是有害的;D:它是传统的。长难句分析原句 It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur一unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year.分析 本句是一个主从复合句，It是形式主语,to talk about guilt-free fur是真正的主 ip, unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year 是条件状语从句，that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year 是宾语从 句。