大学英语六级翻译讲解与题目以及语法.docx

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1、大学英语六级（CET6）翻译题举例及解析大学英语六级（CET6）翻译题举例及解析（1）翻译策略1）分句法把原文中一个单词或短语译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。 或干脆把原文的一个句子拆开，译成两个或两个以上的句子。例1八月中旬，修理组人员在骄阳下工作。译文：It was in mid-August,and the repair section operatedunder the blazing sun.（一个单句 拆分成了一个并列复合句）例2他为人单纯而坦率。译文：He was veryclean.His mind was open.（一个单句拆分成两个简单句了）彳列 3

2、 The mother might have spoken withunderstandable pride of her child.译文:母亲谈到她的孩子时，也许有自豪感，这是可以理解的。（形容词被拆开）例 4 I wrote four books in the first threeyears ,a record never touched before.译文:我头三年写了四本书，打破了以往的记录。（名词短语拆开）2）合句法把原文中两个或以上的简单句，主从复合句或并列复合句等译成一个单句。例5她已试了好几次，要帮他们另找一所出租的房子，结果并未成功。译文:She had made sev

3、eral attempts to help themfind other rental quarters without success. （多个简单句合成一个单句）例6他们有遵守交通规那么，机器出了故障。译文： His failure to observe the safety regulations resultedin an accident to the machinery.（并列复合句合成一个单句）仞！ 7 When we praise the Chineseleadership and the people, we are not merely beingpolite.译文：我们对

4、中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是出于礼貌。（主从复合句合成一个 单句）练习吧：Exercise One1 . （通过体育锻炼），we can always stay healthy.2 .According to the scientific research , （听音乐能使我们放松）.Is this really true?3 . （我们绝对不能）ignore the value of knowledge.4 .As is known to all, （假冒伪劣商品）harm the interests of consumers.5 .Faced with failure,some pe

5、ople canstand up to it, （从失败中汲取教训） and try hard to fulfill what they arcdctcrmincd to do.如果觉得题量少可以向我提议啊XD1. By taking exercises解析：通过锻炼，我们可以保持健康。其实这题答案不止一个。“锻炼”可以用名词也可 以用动词短语。“通过可以用by表示方式，through表示途径。Bytaking exercises /Through exerciseso 往往 by 用于“by + doing”,而 through 后接名词哦。译文independent thinking is

6、 an absolute necessity in study.（汉语副词转换为英语名词） 例12他以前经常来。译文:He was a regular visitor.（汉语副词转换为英语形容词）例13我成功地说服了他。译文:I succeeded in persuading him.（汉语副词转换为英语动词）总之，在英汉互译中，我们可以利用词类的变化，使句型结构发生变化，为语言的转换 提供更大的可行性和灵活性。Exercise Seven1.1 replied to her that （我将会接受她的邀请）2.She was angry with her husband ,so （她不理不睬

7、）when he spoke to her.3.How could we get news in our own society or abroad （没有报纸的话）? 4.The latest census shows that Chinas population （已超过 10 亿）5.We have had ten recorders ,but we still need （需要这么 多）as again.答案：1.1 would accept her invitation解析：此题考点一是时态的一致。由于前半句时态是replied,因此“将要”应译为would。 此题考点二是“接受”的

8、英文表达。accept和receive都有表示接受的意思。receive指客观已 经发生的情况。它只说明事实上收到某物而不管接受者主观上是否愿意接受。如：My father received a letter this morning.而accept带有主动或赞许的意味，表示不但收下某物，而且内 心也同意接受。如：Please accept my little present.下面这句话可以帮助大家分清两个词的使 用域：He received an invitation yesterday but he did not accept it.（他昨天收至U一份邀请，但去口 没有接受。）2. sh

9、e ignored him解析：由句意可知，她是对丈夫生气了，因而丈夫和她说话时她不予理睬。此题要注意 ignore和neglect在含义上的差异。Ignore是故意不理睬别人，而neglect是表示疏忽（责任 等），并非故意，常和 to 连用，如：Dont neglect to lock the door.3. without newspaper解析：本句是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟语气句，虚拟语气句并不一定全部要用if条 件句引导。很多情况下，一些介词或介词短语，副词短语的出现要求整个句子使用虚拟语气。 without 就是其中之如：I couldnt have passed this ex

10、am without your help.（没有你的帮助， 我不可能通过这次考试。）这句话用if条件句来表达就是I couldnt have passed this exam if I hadnt had your help.除了 without外，英语里还有很多这样的词或短语是虚拟语气标志词。 如：as if, as though, lest, for fear that, in case, even if, even though, in order that, so that, 大家在复习虚拟语气语法点的时候要注意总结。4. has exceeded one billion解析：本句意为

11、：据最新的人口普查，中国人口已超过10亿。此题一是要正确写出数 字“10亿: 二是要正确选词“超过。三是要注意完成时态。5. as many解析：此题考查倍数对等的正确说法，可以用“as +adj. +as.”的结构。本句意为: 我们已经有10台录音机了，但是我们还需要10台。大学英语六级（CET6）翻译题举例及解析（8）come等表示位置转移的动作动词而主语又较长 时，通常用全部倒装：There was a sudden gust of wind and away went his hat.The door burst open and I rushed the crowd.There co

12、mes the bus!Now comes your turn.如果主语是代词，仍用正常语序:There comes your turn.有here引起，谓语为be的句子，也要倒装:Here is Chinas largest tropical forest.Here are some picture-books.如果主语是代词，仍用正常语序：Here we are. This is the new railway station.“Give me some paper.” Here you are.”5 .表语和系动词提前:a）介词短语：On the other side was north

13、ernXinjiang.Near the southern end of the village was a large pear orchard.b）形容词：Very important in the farmers life is the radio weather report.Worst of all were the humiliations he suffered.c）国J词：Below is a restaurant.Southwest of the reservoir were 2,000 acres of sandy wasteland.d）分词：Housed in the

14、Cultural Palace are a library, an auditorium and recreation rooms.Hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, copper, lead and zink.Lying on the floor was a boy aged about 17. Standing beside the table was an interpreter.6）句首状语假设由only +副词，only +介词词组, only +状语从句构成，引起局部倒装：Only yesterday did he fin

15、d out that his watch was missing.Only through sheer luck did he manage to get some tickets.Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end.有not only开头的句子或分句，往往引起局部倒 室.-dPC Not only did he complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it.Not only did the garag

16、e overcharge me, but they hadnt done a very good repair job either.vm比拟级和最高级.无比拟级和最高级的形容词及副词：complete, perfect, utter, etc1 .比拟从句asas,almost/just/nearlyas.as, notso/as .as:Well give you as much help as we can.I havent made as much progress as I should.Weve produced twice as much cotton this year as

17、we did ten years ago.My command of English is not half so (as) good as yours.1） than, so much/a lot more than, no more. than, not more.than, less thanmore.than, less.than 可表示“与其说不如 说”：He is more good than bad.He was less hurt than frightened.The present crisis in capitalist countries is much more a

18、political than an economic crisis.“no +形容词或副词比拟级+ than”所表示的可 以是该形容词或副词的相反的含义：no rich than = as poor asno bigger than = as small asno later than = as early asJohn is no better than Tom.I have taken no more than six courses this semester.2） the more. the more （越是 就越 ） Actually, the busier he is, the h

19、appier he feels. The more they talked, the more encouraged they felt.3） more of a, as much of a, less of a, etc:当 as much of a.as, more/less of a .than 等结构与单 数可数名词搭配时，名词只能置于比拟结构中 间.He is more of a sportsman than his brother.IX名词性从句：名词性从句包括主语从句，宾语从 句，表语从句，同位语从句.1.主语从句有三类：a）由what等代词引导的主语从句：what表示. 所的（

20、东西）”，在结构上等于一个名词加一个 定语从句；whatever表示“所的一切”;whoever表示“一切.的人”.What you need is more practiceWhat is hard is to do good all ones life and never do anything bad.Whatever was said here must be kept secret.Whatever I have is at your service.Whoever comes will be welcome.Whoever fails to see this will make a

21、 big blunder.b）由连词that引起的主语从句：这类主语从句 在大多数情况下都放到句子后部去，而用代词 it做形式上的主语：That we need more equipment is quite obvious.It is impossible that I may not able to come.It doesnt seem likely that she will be here.在口语中连词that有时可以省略掉：Its good youre so considerate.Its a pity you missed such a fine talk.c）由连接代词或连接副

22、词（或whether）引起的主 语从句：这类主语从句，也可以放到句子后部 去，前面用it做形式上的主语.When we shall have our sports meet is still a question.It is still a question when we shall have our sports meet.Whether he will join us wont make too much difference.It wont make too much difference whether he will join us.2宾语从句：和主语从句及表语从句一样，宾语从 句

23、也有以上三类.a）连接代词或副词引导的从句只是在某些动词 后能用作宾语.Tell me what you want.I just cant imagine how he could have done such a thing.Have you decided whom you are to nominate as your candidate.能跟这类宾语从句的常见动词有：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, show, discover, discuss,

24、understand, inform, advise等.这种动词后也常用whether或if引导的从与 作宾语：I dont know whether these figure are accurate.Im wondering if the letter is overweight.这种从句有时前面可以有另一个宾语：Has she informed you when they are to hold the meeting?Please advise me which book I should read first.有时这种从句也可用作及词的宾语：Whether that is a goo

25、d solution depends on how you look at it.He was not conscious of what an important discovery he had made.I was curious as to what he would say next.b）用that引导的从句作宾语的情形最为普遍，在很多 动词如 boast, say, think, insist, wish, hope, suppose, see, believe, agree, acknowledge, admit, deny, expect, explain, confess,

26、order, command, suspect, dream, suggest, propose, know, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, report, urge,以及doubt的否认和疑问式后面都可以用 它.X情态动词：1. may/might表示允许和可能：a）允许：询问或说明一件事可不可以做.May I trouble you with a question?You may take this seat if you like.He asked if he might glance through my album.You might

27、 as well speak your mind.（比 may 显 得婉转一些）b）可能：表示一件事或许发生（或是某种情况可 能会存在）.You may walk ten miles without seeing a house.She was afraid they might not like the idea.A bad thing might be turned to good account.c)might表示请求：Might I ask for a photograph of your baby?(比 May I .更客气一些)2. cant, couldnt表示否认的推测：She

28、 cant be serious.A more suitable book cant be found. (It is not possible to find a more suitable book.)He couldnt (cant) be over fifty.3. should, ought to:表示应该做的事,ought to 比 should 口气稍重一些.You should (ought to) do as he says.You shouldnt (oughtnt to) talk like that.但这两者间也有一些差异，在表示责任，义务等 该做的事情时，常用ough

29、t to,在表示某件事宜于 做时，多用should,在下面的句子中这两个词就 不宜换用：You are his father. You ought to take care of him.翻译策略综合法有些句子单独使用一种翻译方法是很难翻译好的，需要用几种方法进行综合处理，然后 再按照时间顺序，主从结构或逻辑关系等重新排列，即进行句子重组。我们先来看一句汉译英：例1除了服务于说本族语者的需要外，英语也是科学、技术和其他领域一些重要著作 编撰时所使用的语言，这些著作并非总是由以英语为母语的人所编撰的。这句话虽然很长，但其实只说明了一个问题英语是一个什么样的语言？由句子可 知，英语有以下功能：服务

30、于以母语的人；在科学等领域编撰著作时使用。英语还具有一个 特征：用于科学等领域的书籍编撰时，并非总是由以英语为母语的人来担纲。而在英语的两 个功能中，本句尤其突出他的第二个功能，所以在翻译本句时要注意重点和句子结构的重组, 有些局部可以处理成修饰语成分。译文： English is a language in which some of important works in science, technology and other fields are being produced, not always by native speakers, besides serving the nee

31、ds of its native speakers.我们再来看一个由英文转换到中文的例子：例 2 The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance, because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human.译文：对人们来说，知识的技能及其应用是同

32、样必不可少的，并且也是至关重要的，因 为它们也有助于对人类本身下定义，同时允许人类追求日益真实的人的生活。以上10类翻译策略和方法只有在平常的翻译实践中经常使用才能感受到它们的精妙之 处。事实上，理论总是不断地被总结、优化和开展之中，除了上面介绍的这些方法之外，还 有很多种翻译策略被我们大家有意或无意地运用着。读者在学有余力的情况下可以试着自己 去探索、发现其他的翻译策略，多动脑筋，学会观察，善于总结。Exercise Eight1. （我们确定搞两个开放）：namely, to open up both externally and internally.2. （不用说）that hes b

33、een there before.3. （真想不到）that he had done a thing like that.4. PremierZhou （一心想着人民的利益）.5. （她非常不情愿地）that she agreed to help.答案：1. We have decided on an open policy in two respects解析：此题考查了语序的调整。“两个开放”在原句中充当宾语，但是英语却不能说two opens,只能理解成“在两个方面实行开放政策”。因此，“搞两个开放”应处理成“动词+宾语 +状语”的结构。另外，搞字在英语中没有一个绝对的对等词，而且“搞”在

34、汉语是一个动 词，经常带一些宾语、状语、补语，这些成分和“搞”字一起传情达意。读者在英译的时候应 注意对“搞”字的准确翻译。如：你到底在搞什么？What the hell are you doing?We should not use too many big words in our everyday speech.4. will, wouldshall, should 表示意愿5. 情态动词后接进行式，完成式和完成进行式： a)情态动词可以和动词的进行式构成谓语，表示“ 应该正在“想必正在.”这类意思： Why should we be sitting here doing nothing

35、?This isnt what I ought to be doing.She might still be thinking about the question you raised.They must (may) be waiting for us, lets hurry up.They cant be using the room now.b)情态动词有时和动词的完成形式构成谓语, 表示“应当已经:“想必已经”这类意思：I should have thought of that.They shouldnt have left so soon.She must have arrived

36、by now.You neednt have told them that.Where can (could) he have gone?He cant have finished the work so soon.He may not have achieved all his aims. But his effort is praiseworthy.We ought to have give you more help.cM青态动词间或也可以和一个动词的完成进行式 构成谓语，表示”应当一直在”，“想必一直 在.”这类意思：They are sweating all over. They m

37、ust have been working in the fields.They may have been discussing the problem this morning.You should have been waiting for us. Why havent you?She couldnt have been swimming all day.大量的数学作业搞得我头昏脑胀。A great number of math exercises make my head swim.你最好耐心一些，否那么会把事情搞僵了。Youd better be patient, or you mi

38、ght bring things to a deadlock.这兄弟俩看起来很像，别把他们搞错了。The two brothers are very much alike. Dont mistake one for another.他思路搞通了，精神也就愉快了。Once he straightened out his ideas, he became cheerful again.这孩子把房间搞得一团糟。The kid made the room a total mess.2. Its needless to say解析：考生应留意否认词译法，即在have, there be及情态动词后面加n

39、o或not,在实 义动词前面加上do或does not,在某些省略句中加上no。此题考查的是派生词用法。和汉 语不同，英语单词词根可以加上前缀或后缀以改变单词本义，如ab-, dis-, im-, ir-, il-, mal-, non-, un-, under-, less等都是表示否认意义的词缀。3. It was unexpected解析：考生应注意照顾前后时态一致，考查的是“形式主语it+形容词+ that-从句”的结 构。如果题干改为(真想不至U)his doing a thing like that,答案就要相应改为fancy。 fancy one9s doing带有更强烈的语气，

40、惊讶程度也比ifs unexpected高。4. has always had the interests of the people at heart解析：英语里“一心想着、总是想着可以用短语always think about have sth., at heart、 be preoccupied with sth.来表达。但是它们的感情色彩是截然不同的。第一个短语是一般性 用语，感情色彩为中性；第二个短语感情色彩为褒义；第三个短语往往后接不好的事情，是 贬义词。如：我总是想着一放假就早点回家。I always think about going back home earlier onc

41、e on vacation.王子一心想着复仇。The Prince was preoccupied with revenge.5. It was very reluctantly解析：此题较难。考查的并不是形式主语句，二是一个强调句型。本句可以说成：She agreed to help very reluctantly.原句的需填补局部是对状语的强调，以突出“极不情愿”这一信 息中心。强调句用途很广，我们可以根据上下文和语义意图分别强调句子的主语、间接宾语、 直接宾语、状语等。大学英语六级(CET6)翻译题举例及解析(9)应试技巧1)语态的选择学英语的人都知道，传统英语语法将语态分为两个局部：

42、主动语态(active voice)和被 动语态(passive voice)。它们被用来说明句子中谓语和主语之间的关系。使用主动语态时 表示主语是动作的执行者，使用被动语态那么表示主语是动作的承受者。要想在翻译中把握好 语态的选择，必须从三个方面来着手。1）什么是“语态变换”？2）英语语态与英语词性的关系？3）与汉语相比，英语语态的特点是什么？L语态变换是指翻译中英语和汉语两种语言之间主动与被动的转换。译文里的语态并 不一定完全遵循原文里的语态，要根据情况作恰中选择。2.英语语态与英语词性有密切的联系。我们甚至可以直接通过一个词来判断它具有主动 含义还是被动含义。如有些名词的后缀常具有主动语

43、态意义。最常见的有-ar, -or, -er,这 样的单词有beggar （乞丐）,liar （惯于说谎者），instructor （指导者）,professor （教授）， worker（工人），writer（作者）。另一些名词后缀如-ee却具有被动意义，这样的单词有examinee （受审查者，被测试者），interviewee （被访问者），employee （被雇佣者）。除名词外， 英语定冠词the”与过去分词构成的名词常指承受者,如：the oppressed （受压迫者），the accused （被告），the wounded （受伤者）。由-ing分词转化来的形容常带有主动意义

44、，而 由及物-ed分词转化来的形容词那么常带有被动意义。如interesting film （令人感兴趣的电影）， disappointing look （失望的表情）。有些由介词、名词和介词构成的介词短语常表达主动意 义，如：in place of （替代），in need of （需要）,in want of （需要），in possession of （拥 有），in charge of （负责），in control of （控制）。但由介词、定冠词the、名词和介词构 成的介词短语常表达被动意义，如：at the mercy of （受摆布），in the care of （由照料）

45、，in the charge of （由负责），in the possession of （由拥有），in the pay of（由雇用的）。3.与汉语相比，英语中被动语态使用范围非常广。被动语态多用于以下场合。1）不清楚动作的执行者是谁。例 1 The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday.（单纯地描述一个事实，即： 窗户碎了。但是，“窗户被谁打碎了？ ”说话人并不知道）2）说话人对宾语的兴趣大于对主语的兴趣。例2 The books are written especially for children.（说话人关心的只是；这

46、本书是特别为 孩子们准备的。目的到达就行，书的作者是谁不用管他）3）不愿意说出动作的执行者，目的是为了使语言更加圆滑、得体。例 3 Its generally considered impolite to ask ones age, salary, marriage, etc.（这句话的 潜语境是，有人不识时宜地询问别人的年龄、收入和婚姻状况等，而这是非常不礼貌的。本 句的说话者为了防止交际陷入尴尬刻意略去了主语，而选择了力俨作形式主语）4）出于修饰的原因，或使句子安排更加合理。例 4 The professor came to our school and warmly welcomed b

47、y the teachers and students.（句子的后半句用被动式就可以只安排一个主语“the professor。）汉语虽然也有“被”、“由”之类的词表示动作是被动的，但这种表达远没有英语的被动语 态那么常见。因此，很多英语被动句在翻译时就被译成了汉语的主动句。反之，很多汉语的 主动句在译成英文时会变成英语被动态。Exercise Nine1. （随着工商业的开展）,the number of trees in many big cities has dramatically reduced.2. Travel can widen our knowledge, （扩大我们的眼界）,and make one open-minded as well.3. Cars are responsible for most of the smog in cities, （这 已经对环境造 成了严重的污染）.4. Modernization will be entirely possible in the first half of the 21st century, as long as we （坚持认为）that economic development is the center of all our work.5. He was convinced o