名词性从句 讲义--英语高考一轮复习语法部分.docx

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1、名词性从句一、定义：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)o名词性从句的功能相当王名 词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中 不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。1. .What he said is true.2. The dog sensed that there was something delicious nearby.3. These are what he said.4. The news that the plane had crashed made us sad.二

2、、引导名词性从句的连接词连词：在从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用that,无实义whether / if 是否as if/as though似乎，好像(只用于表从)连接代词：有词义，充当成分，在句中担任主语，宾语，表语或定语what,什么who,谁whom,谁，作宾语whose,谁的，作定语which,哪一个whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 无论什么/无论谁/无论哪一个(no matter不可以引导名从)连接副词：有词义，在句中担任状语when,什么时候where,什么地方why,为什么how,怎么样whenever, wherever, howeve

3、r无论何时/无论哪里/无论怎样how many/how much, how often, how long, how old.多少/多久一次/多久/多大三、主语从句.作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。1. Wheiher he will come or noi is not known.他来不来还不清楚。2. What he wanls to tell us is not clear.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。3. Who will win the match is still unknown.谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。4. It is known to us how he became a w

4、riter.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。5. Where ihc English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英语晚会在哪里举行,没有宣布。6. Tha( he is late for school makes the teacher very angry.他上学迟到让老师很生气。2 .有时为防止句子头乖脚轻，常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语从句置于句末.主语从 句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：(1) It + be + 名词 + that 从句很可惜Eg. It is a pity that we won

5、t be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.It is still a mystery what caused the accident.(2) It + be +形容词+ that从句Eg. Il is certain that he will win the match是确定/无疑的It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.h is very likely ihal they will hold a meeting.彳H有可能

6、=be likely to doIt is strange that he should do that.It is important that we all should altend (he meeting.(3) It + be +动词的过去分词+ that从句Eg. It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said【o have gone to shanghai) 据说. Il is known lo all ihai (he gun powder was first invenled by the Chinese众所周知It

7、is suggested that the work should be done with great care.(4) It +不及物动词+ that从句Eg. h seemshai he has seen the tllm.(=He seems io have seen the film) 似乎，好像. h happened (he two cheats were (here. (=The two cheats happened lo be there) 碰 巧.Il occurred to me that I had forgotten to lock my door.某人突然想到.k

8、 suddcnl、hit me that I had forgotten to lock my door.某人突然想到.h siruck me lha【I had forgotten to lock my door. strike 某人突然想到.h (urned oul lha( nobody remembered the address. 结果是.3 .主语从句的时态：不受主句时态的影响和限制。1. That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.2. Whether wc will

9、 go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.3. Who will be our monitor hasnl been decided yet.4. What caused the accident remains unknown.5. Whatever you did is right.4 . what与that引导主语从句的区别：pwhat有词义,在句中担任主语，/语，定语或宾语Lthat无词义,不作任何成分，只起连接作用Eg. What has made him mad is not known yet.That she is still ali

10、ve is a consolation. that 不可省略四、宾语从句1.定义：作句子宾语的从句叫宾语从句。2 . that引导宾语从句时，在句中不充当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。但是, 如果从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省。He has told me (that) he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。Wc all think (that) she is hard-working and that she will surely go to a very good university. 我们都认为她学习非常

11、努力，一定能进一个菲帝界的大学。3 .在 demand, order, suggest, insist, desire, request, command 等友示建议、命令、要求、愿望 等意义的动词后，宾语从句要使用“(should) +动词原形I insist that she (should) do her work alone.我坚持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.司令员命令部队马上出发。4 .可用形式宾语il代替的宾语从句动词find、think, feel, consider, mak

12、e, believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候，那么需要用it 做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。I think ii necessary that wc take plenty of hot water every day.我认为每天多喝开水是有必 要的.I feel it a piy ihal I havent been to the get-together.我没去聚会，感觉非常遗憾.have made it a rule thal I keep diaries.我每天写日记成了习惯.”使.成为习惯”We all find it important that we （should） ma

13、ke a quick decision about this mater,我们都认 为对这件事马上做出决定很重要。有些动词带宾从时需要在宾语与从句前加i【,这类动词主要有：hate, take , see to, owe, have 等。Eg. I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.He look it for granted that his girlfriend would come back again.他想当然的认为女朋友 会再回来。“把.当作理所当然”We will see to .

14、thal every child in the nation get good education.我们要确保这个国家 的每个孩子都受到良好的教育。假设宾语从句是wh.类，那么不可用it代替Wc all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.We discovered wha【we had leaned to be valuable.我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用 的.5 .宾语从句要使用陈述语序。I want to know what he has told you.我想知道他告诉了你什么。She always t

15、hinks of how she can work well.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support.凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支 持。6 . whether或if引导宾语从句时,作“是否”的意思，通常可以互换。但在以下情况中一般 只能用whether,不能用if：a.引导主语从句并在句首时;b.引导表语从句时;c.引导从句作介词宾语时;d.从句后有句r not”时;c.后接动词不定式时。Eg. Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting que

16、stion.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的 问题。Everything depends on whether we have enough money.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。I wonder whether he will come or not.我想知道他来还是不来。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?你能否告诉我是去还是留？7 .注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用 不同时态。I know （that） he will study English next year.（从句用一般将来时）当主句动词是过去

17、时态（could, would除外）,从句那么要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去 时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然 现象,那么从句仍川现在时态。The teacher told us that Tom had left for America.8 . think, believe, suppose, imagine等动词后接否认性宾语从句时,要把上述主句中的动词变 为否认式.即将从句中的否认右式移到主句（“否认转移”）中。We dont think you are here.我们认为你不在这。I dont believe he will do so.

18、我相信他不会这样做。9 .感叹句在宾语从句中的运用Eg. She realized what a fool she was. She realized how foolish she was.五、表语从句.定义：在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。The fact is thal we have lost the game.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。Thafsjust what I want.这正是我想要的。This is where our problem lies.这就是我们的问题所在。That is why he didnt come to th

19、e meeting.那就是他为什么不到会的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain.看上去天要下雨了。1 .当主语是reason时，袤语从句的连接词要用that引导而不是because。The reason why he was late was【hat he missed the train by one minute this morning. 的原因是.”. what, who. which, whom, whose除了起连接作用外，还可以在从句中充当主语，宾语，表 语，定语，并且各有各的词义。when .where, why, how在句中充当时间，地

20、点，原因，方式 状语。Eg. He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.他已经成为了他 10 年前想成为的。The problem is who will travel with me to Beijingomorrow.问题是谁与我明天前往北京。The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.问题是，他什么时候可以到达酒店。She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.她,直在我昨天站的地方站了 个 小时.2 . as if /a

21、s though, because等引导的表语从句r- because引导表语从句通常只用于that/this/it is (was) because”结构中。L as if /as though引导表语从句常置于系动词look、seem, sound, be，become等后面,用虚拟 语气。Eg. I was late for school this morning. Thats because I stayed up late last night.我今天上学迟到 了，那是因为我昨晚熬夜熬太晚了。The elephant feels as if / though it were a wa

22、ll.3 .表示“建议、命令、要求”名词后接表语从句，要用虚拟语气，“(should) +动词原形”。His suggestion is that wc (should) climb all the way to the top of the hill.六、同位语从句.定义：同位语从句说明前面名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导,常用于同位 语从句的名词有：faci、irulh、news、informaiion、message、word (消息)、advice、suggeslion、 demand、request、order、doubt、question、problem、hope、wi

23、sh、idea, thought、promise fear、point, possibility 等。象名词The news that wc won the game is exciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么时候回来。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.他想到可能玛丽生病了。We cant deny the fact that he is a handsome boy.不可否认，他是个帅气的男孩。Wo

24、rd came that the Chinese team had won the match.消息传来,中国队赢了这场比赛。1 .有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开，称作间隔 同位语从句。Several years later, word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them. 几年以 后，有消息传来说拿破卷袁亲自视察他们。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。2 .同位语从句一般使

25、用陈述语气，但在表示“建议、命令、要求、愿望”等意 义的名词后面的that同位语从句中，要用虚拟语气，即“（should） +动词原形”的 形式。He gave us a suggestion that everyone （should） have a map.3 . that引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that作为关系代词,引导定语从句时，充一句了成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略。that引导同位语从句，起连词作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分,般不能省略。试比拟：Eg. The news （ihat/which/省略）he lold me is really encouraging.（that引导定语从句，在定从中做宾语，可以省略）The news that our team has won the game is really encouraging.（that引导同位语从句，不作成分，不能省略）