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1、Climax and Anti-climaxClimax and Anti-climax层进和突降Climax(1)Definition:Afigureofspeechinwhichanumberofpropositionsorideasaresetforthsoastoformaseriesinwhicheachrisesabovetheprecedinginforceoreffectivenessofexpression.在形式上,构成层递至少要有三个语言单位,而且这些语言单位的结构要基本相同;在内容上,构成层递的各语言单位在意义上要有关联,且具有第次性,且按照由小渐大,由浅渐深,由低渐高
2、,由少渐多,由弱渐强,层层递升。通过一系列观念、形象的修辞安排,逐步把意思往前推进,最有力量的放在最后。.语义上由轻到重(semantics)E.g.Toacquirewealthisdifficult,to preserveitmoredifficult,butto spenditwiselymostdifficult.(集财难,守财更难,而明智地花钱最难。)*comparative degree(2)Structure:.程度上由弱到强(extent)E.g.Theaudiencesmiled,chuckled,and finallyhowled.(听众先是微笑,继而是窃窃而笑,最后捧腹大
3、笑起来。).范围上由小到大(range)E.g.Wecanseebeautiful flowershere,there,everywhere.(这里、那里、各个地方我们都可以看到美丽的花朵。).时间上由先到后(time)E.g.Theprisonerwasfirstquestioned,thentortured,andfinallyshot.(囚犯先是被审讯,然后遭到毒打,最后被枪决。).结构上由短到长(structure)E.g.Im sorry,Im terribly sorry,Im extremely sorry.(我感到抱歉,我感到很抱歉,我感到非常非常抱歉。)Anti-climax
4、(1)Definition:It is a sentence in which the last part expresses something lower than the first.In fact,a bathetic declension from a noble tone to one less exalted.The effect can be comic and is often intended to be so.突降指的是语言表达的内容急转直下,从意义重大之事突然转为琐碎平淡之事,语气从严肃突然转为滑稽可笑,从而获得嘲笑、讽刺或滑稽幽默的修辞效果。突降往往把重要事情放在前面
5、,它给读者带来了较高的期望值,但最后出现的却是零碎琐事,造成思想内容或观念上的反差,使读者得到一个预期不同的。甚至相反的结论。.SatiricalEffects:Helosthisempire,hisfamily,andhis fountain pen.(他失去了他的帝国,失去了他的家庭,也失去了他的自来水笔。).HumorousEffects:Ohdear!WhatshallIdo?Ihavelostmybeauandlipsticktoo.(噢,天哪!我该怎么办?我失去了情人,也失去了口红。)(2)Examples:.UnexpectedEffects:Hehasbeenadoctorayearnowandhashad twopatients-nothree,Ithink-yes,itwasthree;Iattendedtheir funerals.
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