动词短语及情态动词.ppt

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1、动词、短语及情态动词(一一)动词动词1 1动词分类动词分类根据动词的词义及在句中所起的作用，可将动词分为实根据动词的词义及在句中所起的作用，可将动词分为实义动词、系动词、义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。助动词和情态动词。2 2实义动词实义动词实义动词也叫行为动词，是有实在意义的动词，实义动词也叫行为动词，是有实在意义的动词，在句在句中能单独作谓语。实义动词中能单独作谓语。实义动词又分为及物动词又分为及物动词(能直接跟宾语的动词能直接跟宾语的动词)和不及物动词和不及物动词(不不能直接跟宾语的动词能直接跟宾语的动词)。及物动词及物动词(vt vt.).)后面需要跟宾语，意思才完整。后面需要跟宾语

2、，意思才完整。不及物动词不及物动词(vi vi.).)不能直接跟宾语，但往往在其后加上介不能直接跟宾语，但往往在其后加上介词后就可以跟宾语了。词后就可以跟宾语了。注意：很多动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。注意：很多动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。3系动词系动词有一定的词义，但不完整，在句中不能单独作谓语，必须和其后面的表语一起构成谓语。常见的系动词有：(1)表状态、保持某种状态的：表状态、保持某种状态的：be,keep,stay,remain等。等。Their classroom is/keeps/stays very clean.(2)表感官的：表感官的：look,seem,appe

3、ar,sound,smell,taste，feel等。等。The meat on the table looks very nice,but it tastes terrible.(3)表变化的：表变化的：become,get,turn,fall,come,go,grow等。等。I hope that all of your dreams can come true one day.She turned off the lights and fell asleep very soon.4 4助动词助动词 助动词无词义，也不能独立作谓语，助动词无词义，也不能独立作谓语，用于帮助构成某种时态、用于

4、帮助构成某种时态、语态、疑问句、否定句或加强语气等。语态、疑问句、否定句或加强语气等。常用的助动词有：常用的助动词有：be(am/is/are/was/were),do(do/does/did),be(am/is/are/was/were),do(do/does/did),have(have/has/had),have(have/has/had),will(will/would),shall(shall/should)will(will/would),shall(shall/should)等。等。He is watching TV in the livingroom now.He is wat

5、ching TV in the livingroom now.5 5情态动词情态动词 情态动词表示说话人的语气或态度，有词义，情态动词表示说话人的语气或态度，有词义，但不完整，须但不完整，须跟其他动词跟其他动词(一般一般跟动词原形跟动词原形)一起构成谓语；它本身没有人称和数的变化；在其后一起构成谓语；它本身没有人称和数的变化；在其后加加notnot即构成否即构成否定，将其提前即构成疑问。常见的情态动词有定，将其提前即构成疑问。常见的情态动词有can,may,must,can,may,must,need,shouldneed,should等。等。(1)can(1)can 能够，会能够，会表能力。

6、表能力。He can speak Japanese very well.He can speak Japanese very well.He is able to speak Japanese very well.He is able to speak Japanese very well.表请求、许可。表请求、许可。Can I sit next to you?Can I sit next to you?Of course,you can./Sorry,you cant.Of course,you can./Sorry,you cant.注意：此处也可以用注意：此处也可以用may/might/

7、couldmay/might/could，但，但might,couldmight,could并不表示过并不表示过去，只是去，只是 语气更加委婉。语气更加委婉。Could you tell me how to get to the cinema?Could you tell me how to get to the cinema?Yes,I can.Yes,I can.(2)may(2)may表请求、许可，意为表请求、许可，意为“也许，可能也许，可能”。May I use your bike?May I use your bike?Yes,you may./No,you cant/mustnt.

8、Yes,you may./No,you cant/mustnt.注意：注意：maymay的否定回答要用的否定回答要用cantcant或或mustnt,mustnt,不能用不能用may notmay not。(3)must表义务，意为表义务，意为“必须必须”。Must I wash them now?Yes,you must./No,you neednt(dont have to)注意：否定回答不能用注意：否定回答不能用mustnt(不允许，禁止不允许，禁止)，而要用，而要用neednt或或dont have to(没必要没必要)。(4)have to表客观产生的必要性，意为表客观产生的必要性，

9、意为“不得不不得不”。Were in grade three now,and we have to do lots of homework.must表示主观意识到的必须，而表示主观意识到的必须，而have to表示客观上要求、不表示客观上要求、不得不。得不。We must study hard since we are students.(5)have to与与must的区别：的区别：Im sorry I have to leave.Its eleven now.have to 有人称和时态的变化，而有人称和时态的变化，而must没有。没有。He had to walk back home y

10、esterday because he didnt take any money with him.(6)need 表需要。表需要。Need I buy some food for dinner?Yes,you must/have to/No,you neednt.注意：注意：need只能在否定句、疑问句中作情态动词，此时其后须跟只能在否定句、疑问句中作情态动词，此时其后须跟其他动词。其他动词。needneed用作实义动词时，具体用法是：用作实义动词时，具体用法是：need sb.(sth.)/to do need sb.(sth.)/to do sth./doing sth.sth./doi

11、ng sth.I really need you/your help.I really need you/your help.I need to do the housework myself at home.I need to do the housework myself at home.I think your hair needs washing.I think your hair needs washing.(7)should(7)should 应该，相当于应该，相当于be supposed tobe supposed to。As Chinese,we should(are supp

12、osed to)try our best to make As Chinese,we should(are supposed to)try our best to make our our country stronger and more beautiful.country stronger and more beautiful.You shouldnt(arent supposed to)be so lazy.You shouldnt(arent supposed to)be so lazy.(8)(8)情态动词表推测的用法情态动词表推测的用法表不肯定的推测用表不肯定的推测用may,mig

13、ht,could以及它们的否定形式。以及它们的否定形式。Ask that man over there.He may/might/could know the way.He may come,or he may not come.Im not sure.表比较肯定的推测用表比较肯定的推测用should/shouldnt。Its 9：00 now.He should be at work.He shouldnt be at home.表肯定的推测时，疑问句中用表肯定的推测时，疑问句中用can,can,肯定句中用肯定句中用must(must(一定一定),),否否定句中用定句中用cant(cant(

14、不可能不可能)。Can he come to our party?Can he come to our party?Yes,he must come.Yes,he must come.No,he cant come.He has gone to Hong Kong.No,he cant come.He has gone to Hong Kong.对现在、将来的一般情况进行推测，用对现在、将来的一般情况进行推测，用“情态动词原形情态动词原形”；对现在、将来正在进行的推测用对现在、将来正在进行的推测用“情态动词情态动词be doing”be doing”；对过对过去的推去的推测用测用“情态动词情态

15、动词have done”have done”。It must be a lot more fun to travel by boat.It must be a lot more fun to travel by boat.It may rain tomorrow.It may rain tomorrow.Its 6 Its 6：00 now.He may be having his dinner.00 now.He may be having his dinner.You look so tired.You may have gone to bed late last night.You lo

16、ok so tired.You may have gone to bed late last night.()1.Dad)1.Dad，must we wait until the light becomes green?must we wait until the light becomes green?Yes Yes，Im afraid we _.Thats the traffic rule.Im afraid we _.Thats the traffic rule.A Acan Bcan Bmay Cmay Chave to Dhave to Dneedneed解析：考查情态动词的用法。由

17、上文句意解析：考查情态动词的用法。由上文句意“我们必须等到灯变绿我们必须等到灯变绿吗？吗？”和下文句和下文句意意“那是交通规则那是交通规则”可知，我们必须要等到灯变为绿色。可知，我们必须要等到灯变为绿色。have to“have to“不得不不得不”，强调，强调客观上的要求，故答案应选客观上的要求，故答案应选C C。()2._ I see your ID card)2._ I see your ID card，sirsir？We have to check your We have to check your information.information.A AMay BMay BMust

18、CMust CShould DShould DNeedNeed解析：考查情态动词的运用。向别人请求许可可用解析：考查情态动词的运用。向别人请求许可可用cancan，maymay。根。根据句意，据句意，“我可以看一下你的身份证件吗？我们不得不核实你的我可以看一下你的身份证件吗？我们不得不核实你的信息。信息。”可知此处表示请求许可知此处表示请求许可，故答案应选可，故答案应选A A。()3.Finish your homework first，then youll _ watch TV for an hour.Acan Bbe able to Cable Dcould解析：考查助动词用法。解析：考查

19、助动词用法。will是助动词，其后应该用动词的原型，是助动词，其后应该用动词的原型，故选故选B。()4.Amy，I hear youve got many foreign coins._ I have a look?Of course，Ill fetch them for you.AMay BMust CShould DNeed解析：考查情态动词的用法。句意：艾米，我听说你有很多外国硬解析：考查情态动词的用法。句意：艾米，我听说你有很多外国硬币。我可以币。我可以看一下吗？当然了。我拿给你看。看一下吗？当然了。我拿给你看。May I.？用于向对方提出建议？用于向对方提出建议或请求，意为或请求，意

20、为“我可以我可以吗？吗？”。故选。故选A。()5.Where are you going this month?We _ go to Xiamen，but were not sure.(2013天津天津)Aneednt Bmust Cmight Dmustnt解析：考查情态动词表推测。解析：考查情态动词表推测。A“不必不必”表建议；表建议；B“一定一定”表猜测表猜测的可能性很大；的可能性很大；C“可能，也许可能，也许”表不是很肯定的猜测。表不是很肯定的猜测。D“不允许不允许”表命令。句意：这个月你们将去哪？我们或许去厦门，但还不确表命令。句意：这个月你们将去哪？我们或许去厦门，但还不确定。故选

21、定。故选C符合语境。符合语境。()6.May I go out for a while)6.May I go out for a while，Mom?Mom?No No，you _.You have to finish your homework first.you _.You have to finish your homework first.A Ashouldnt Bshouldnt Bneednt Cneednt Cmustnt Dmustnt Dwontwont解析：考查情态动词的用法。句意：妈妈，我可以出去一会吗解析：考查情态动词的用法。句意：妈妈，我可以出去一会吗？不，你不能。你

22、必须首先完成你的作业。？不，你不能。你必须首先完成你的作业。shouldntshouldnt不应该；不应该；needntneednt不必要；不必要；mustntmustnt一定不能，表示明令禁止；一定不能，表示明令禁止；wontwont将不能。将不能。根据答语，你必须首先完成你的作业，可知不同意出去玩。故根据答语，你必须首先完成你的作业，可知不同意出去玩。故选选B B。()7.Students in our school _ know shouting is not allowed)7.Students in our school _ know shouting is not allowed

23、in the library.in the library.A Acan Bcan Bmay Cmay Cmust Dmust Dneedneed解析：考查情态动词用法辨析。解析：考查情态动词用法辨析。cancan可以；可以；maymay也许；也许；mustmust必须；必须；needneed需要。根据句意：学生在我们学校必须知道不允许在图书需要。根据句意：学生在我们学校必须知道不允许在图书馆大喊大叫，所以选择答案馆大喊大叫，所以选择答案C C。()8._ I have lunch now)8._ I have lunch now，Mom?Mom?No.You must wash your h

24、ands first.No.You must wash your hands first.A AWould BWould BMay CMay COught toOught to解析：考查情态动词用法。解析：考查情态动词用法。WouldWould和和ought toought to引导的问引导的问句，均不能用句，均不能用mustmust回答，所以选择答案回答，所以选择答案B B。()9.Have you decided where to go for your)9.Have you decided where to go for your summer vacation?summer vacat

25、ion?Not yet.We _ go to Qingdao.Its a good Not yet.We _ go to Qingdao.Its a good place for vacation.place for vacation.A Amay Bmay BneedCneedCmustmust解析：本题考查情态动词。句意：你已经决定到哪里过解析：本题考查情态动词。句意：你已经决定到哪里过暑假了吗？还没有呢，我们也许去青岛。那是个度假的暑假了吗？还没有呢，我们也许去青岛。那是个度假的好地方。情态动词表示推测时，好地方。情态动词表示推测时，maymay表表“可能可能”，mustmust表表“一

26、定一定”，cantcant表表“不可能不可能”，所以选择答案，所以选择答案A A。()10.Why are you worried?)10.Why are you worried?Im expecting a call from my daughter.She _ New _ Im expecting a call from my daughter.She _ New _ for three days.for three days.A Ahas gone to Bhas gone to Bhas been tohas been to C Chas been in Dhas been in Dh

27、as come inhas come in解析：本题考查动词时态的用法。解析：本题考查动词时态的用法。has gone tohas gone to去了某地去了某地(未返回未返回)；has been tohas been to曾经去过某地；曾经去过某地；has been inhas been in在某地；在某地；has come inhas come in已进已进来。由答语前半句来。由答语前半句“我正期待我女儿的来电我正期待我女儿的来电”for three daysfor three days表一表一段时间，故选段时间，故选C C。()11.What did you do last night?

28、)11.What did you do last night?I _ TV and read books.I _ TV and read books.A Awatch Bwatch Bwatched Cwatched Chave watchedhave watched解析：考查动词时态的用法。根据上句中问句中是过去时，故答解析：考查动词时态的用法。根据上句中问句中是过去时，故答语中也要用相应过去时，保持上下句的时态一致性，故答案为语中也要用相应过去时，保持上下句的时态一致性，故答案为B B。()12.Look at these stamps.I _ them for five years.)1

29、2.Look at these stamps.I _ them for five years.Wow Wow，they are wonderful.they are wonderful.A Akept Bkept Bhave kept Chave kept Chave boughthave bought解析：本题考查现在完成时的用法。由解析：本题考查现在完成时的用法。由for five yearsfor five years可知本题是现可知本题是现在完成时态，且动词需要用持续性动词。故选在完成时态，且动词需要用持续性动词。故选B B。短语 互动18.18.对对感到无聊感到无聊1.向说谢谢say

30、 thanks to sb.2.一张的票a ticket to/for.3.感到寂寞feel lonely4.对感到骄傲feel/be proud of.5.给量体温take ones temperature6.由于,因为because of.7.扮演角色play the role of.8.最后in the end9.太而不能too.to.10.如此以至于so.that.11.形成come into being12.深受喜爱be popular with.13.以开始begin with.14.在某方面做得很差do badly in.15.对某人要求严格be strick with sb.1

31、6.对厌倦be tired of17.反复不断地over and over againbe bored with.19.在岁时38.38.决定做决定做at the age of.20.在二十几岁时in ones twenties21.做有趣have fun in doing sth.22.给某人一些建议give sb.some advice23.建议某人做什么advice sb.to do sth.24.挤满了be crowded of.25.对某人失望be disappointed in/with sb.26.对某事失望be disappointed at sth.27.拒绝做refuse

32、to do sth.28.代替instead of.29.处理,对付deal with.30.重感冒have a bad cold31.对紧张be nervous about.32.好心情in a good mood33.为做准备get/be ready for34.准备做be ready to do sth.35.查找36.仰望天空37.午夜decide to do sth.at midnightlook up into the skylook up在39.回到58.58.以以的观点的观点get back to.40.的费用the cost of.41.想出come up with.42.在

33、的脚下at the foot of.43.到达get to.44.给照相take a photo of.45.期盼做look forward to doing sth.46.对确信make sure of.47.遍布spread over48.在的两边on both sides of.49.搜寻search for50.给某人送行see sb.off51.对吃惊be surprised at.52.吃惊地in surprise53.让吃惊的是to ones surprise54.停下来做stop to do sth.55.停止做stop doing sth.56.避免做avoid doing

34、sth.57.在的顶部on the top ofin ones opinion()1.The plane to Chengdu _ just now.You have to()1.The plane to Chengdu _ just now.You have to wait until tomorrow.wait until tomorrow.A Atook off Btook off Btook aftertook after C Ctook out Dtook out Dtook awaytook away()2.His family are worried about him beca

35、use they()2.His family are worried about him because they havent _ letters from him for a long time.havent _ letters from him for a long time.A Aaccepted Baccepted Breceived received C Cwritten Dwritten Dcollectedcollected()3.What do you think of the()3.What do you think of the zongzi?zongzi?They _

36、delicious.Are they made by your mother They _ delicious.Are they made by your mother？A Asound Bsound Btaste Ctaste Cfeel Dfeel Dlooklook()4.President Xi Jinping calls on Chinese people to()4.President Xi Jinping calls on Chinese people to _ all the food each meal._ all the food each meal.A Aeat up B

37、eat up Buse up Cuse up Cpick up Dpick up Dcut upcut upABBA()5.Oh，it _ so nice.What beautiful music it is！Asmells Bsounds Ctastes Dlooks()6.It will be hard for us to get up in the morning if we _ to bed too late.Ago Bwent Cwill go Dhave gone()7.He _ for ten years.Ahas been married BMarried Cgot marri

38、ed Dhas marriedBAA()8.I have _ my watch everywhere.But I cannot find it.Alook at Blooked up Clooked up()9.What does the instruction say?The colors in the dress will _ if you use hot water.Afall Bappear Crun Dshine()10.It seems that the aged people _ the H7N9 more easily from the recent cases.Apick u

39、p Bmix up Cset up Duse upC CA()11.Thanks for your invitation()11.Thanks for your invitation，but Im so sorry I cant go.I but Im so sorry I cant go.I need to_ my baby at home.need to_ my baby at home.A Atake away Btake away Btake off take off C Ctake care of Dtake care of Dtake out oftake out of()12.T

40、his morning I _ some new restaurants on the()12.This morning I _ some new restaurants on the Internet for I wanted to take Mia to a nice restaurant for her Internet for I wanted to take Mia to a nice restaurant for her birthday.birthday.A.picked up B.looked up C.cleaned up D.gave up A.picked up B.lo

41、oked up C.cleaned up D.gave up()13.Mum()13.Mum，Im tired of doing too much homework every Im tired of doing too much homework every day.day.Oh Oh，deardear，without hard workwithout hard work，you cant _ your dream.you cant _ your dream.A.choose B.encourage C.Manage D.achieve A.choose B.encourage C.Mana

42、ge D.achieve()14.We _ our English teacher since he moved to()14.We _ our English teacher since he moved to Beijing.Beijing.A Adidnt hear from Bdidnt hear from Bhavent heard fromhavent heard from C Cdidnt receive Ddidnt receive Dhavent receivedhavent receivedCBDB.用所给动词的适当形式填空。用所给动词的适当形式填空。1 1What wer

43、e you _(do)when I called you?What were you _(do)when I called you?2 2They had _(live)here for ten years by last year.They had _(live)here for ten years by last year.3 3When we got to the cinemaWhen we got to the cinema，the film had _the film had _ (begin)for ten minutes already.(begin)for ten minute

44、s already.4 4Have you _(decide)which one to buy yet?Have you _(decide)which one to buy yet?5 5Will you _(go)to see the film with me this evening?Will you _(go)to see the film with me this evening?Sorry.I have no time.Sorry.I have no time.6 6You can turn off the radio now.Ihave _(hear)the You can tur

45、n off the radio now.Ihave _(hear)the news already.news already.7 7Alice has _(be)in Paris for five years.Alice has _(be)in Paris for five years.8 8Has Jack _(find)out the answers to the questions?Has Jack _(find)out the answers to the questions?Not yet.Not yet.9 9When did you _(get)your motorbike?When did you _(get)your motorbike?1010Would you like something to eat?Would you like something to eat?No No，thanks.I have just _(have)lunch.thanks.I have just _(have)lunch.doinglivedbegundecidedgoheardbeenfoundgethad