大学体验英语综合教程3(第三版)Unit4.ppt

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1、Passage APassage BReturn to MenuReturn to MenuUnit 4Unit 4Passage AThink About ItRead About ItTalk About ItWrite About It1.What kind of people are in favor of carrying on with the cloning science?Infertile people who cannot have babies otherwise,people suffering fatal diseases,and some religious peo

2、ple seeking immortality.Reference:2.For what reasons do most governments prohibit cloning?Most governments prohibit cloning mainly because it is against nature and causes ethical problems.Besides,the failure rate of cloning is very high.Reference:Read About ItLanguage PointsContent AwarenessLanguage

3、 FocusNot Now,Dr.MiracleSeverino Antinori is a rich Italian doctor with a string of private fertility clinics to his name.He likes watching football and claims the Catholic faith.Yet the Vatican is no fan of his science.In his clinics,Antinori already offers every IVF treatment under the sun,but sti

4、ll there are couples he cannot help.So now the man Italians call Dr.Miracle is offering to clone his patients to create the babies they so desperately want.And of course its created quite a stir,with other scientists rounding on Antinori as religious leaders line up to attack his cloning plan as an

5、insult to human dignity.Yet its an ambition Antinori has expressed many times before.Whats new is that finally it seems to be building a head of steam.Like-minded scientists from the US have joined Antinori in his cloning adventure.At a conference in Rome last week they claimed hundreds of couples h

6、ave already volunteered for the experiments.Antinori shot to fame seven years ago helping grandmothers give birth using donor eggs.Later he pioneered the use of mice to nurture the sperm of men with poor fertility.He is clearly no ordinary scientist but a showman who thrives on controversy and pushi

7、ng reproductive biology to the limits.And that of course is one reason why hes seen as being so dangerous.However,his idea of using cloning to combat infertility is not as mad as it sounds.Many people have a hard job seeing the point of reproductive cloning.But for some couples,cloning represents th

8、e only hope of having a child carrying their genes,and scientists like Antinori are probably right to say that much of our opposition to cloning as a fertility treatment is irrational.In future we may want to change our minds and allow it in special circumstances.But only when the science is ready.A

9、nd thats the real problem.Five years on from Dolly,the science of cloning is still stuck in the dark ages.The failure rate is a shocking 97 percent and deformed babies all too common.Even when cloning works,nobody understands why.So forget the complex moral arguments.To begin cloning people now,befo

10、re even the most basic questions have been answered,is simply a waste of time and energy.This is not to say that Antinori will fail,only that if he succeeds it is likely to be at an unacceptably high price.Hundreds of eggs and embryos will be wasted and lots of women will go through difficult pregna

11、ncies resulting in miscarriages or abortions.A few years from now techniques will have improved and the wasteful loss wont be as excessive.But right now there seems to be little anyone can do to keep the cloners at bay.And its not just Antinori and his team who are eager to go.A religious group call

12、ed the Raelians believes cloning is the key to achieving immortality,and it,too,claims to have the necessary egg donors and volunteers willing to be implanted with cloned embryos.So what about tougher laws?Implanting cloned human embryos is already illegal in many countries but it will never be proh

13、ibited everywhere.In any case,the prohibition of cloning is more likely to drive it underground than stamp it out.Secrecy is already a problem.Antinori and his team are refusing to name the country theyll be using as their base.Like it or not,the research is going ahead.Sooner or later we are going

14、to have to decide whether regulation is safer than prohibition.Antinori would go for regulation,of course.He believes it is only a matter of time before we lose our hang-ups about reproductive cloning and accept it as just another IVF technique.Once the first baby is born and it cries,he said last w

15、eek,theworld will embrace it.But the world will never embrace the first cloned baby if it is unhealthy or deformed or the sole survivor of hundreds of pregnancies.In jumping the gun,Dr.Miracle and his colleagues are taking one hell of a risk.If their instincts are wrong,the backlash against cloning

16、and indeed science as a whole could be catastrophic.miraclemiracle n.n.an an unusual unusual and and mysterious mysterious event event that that cannot cannot be be explained by the laws of natureexplained by the laws of natureExamplesExamples The Great Wall is a The Great Wall is a miraclemiracle o

17、f architecture.of architecture.A car ran over the child,but by a A car ran over the child,but by a miraclemiracle,he was unhurt.,he was unhurt.stringstring n.n.1)1)a series of related or similar eventsa series of related or similar eventsExamplesExamples The curious boy asked a The curious boy asked

18、 a stringstring of questions.of questions.She wore a She wore a stringstring of beads.of beads.2)2)(a)narrow cord used to tie,fasten,etc.(a)narrow cord used to tie,fasten,etc.ExamplesExamples Red Red peppers peppers were were threaded threaded on on stringsstrings and and hung hung over over the the

19、 door door of the house.of the house.The parcel was tied with The parcel was tied with stringstring.under the sununder the sun on earth;in the worldon earth;in the worldExamplesExamples The The boy boy seems seems to to have have an an opinion opinion on on every every subject subject under under th

20、e the sunsun.You cannot detect all the sins You cannot detect all the sins under the sununder the sun.stirstir n.n.(public)excitement(public)excitementExamplesExamples The coming of the queen caused a great The coming of the queen caused a great stirstir in the city.in the city.The news caused a The

21、 news caused a stirstir of interest on the Stock Exchange.of interest on the Stock Exchange.line up line up to(cause to)move into a row,side by side or one to(cause to)move into a row,side by side or one behind the otherbehind the otherExamplesExamples The photographer The photographer lined uplined

22、 up the family members for a picture.the family members for a picture.People People were were lining lining upup there there to to get get a a free free sample sample of of the the new new product.product.conferenceconference n.n.a meeting for consultation or discussiona meeting for consultation or

23、discussionExamplesExamples Im attending a Im attending a conferenceconference the whole next week.the whole next week.The The press press conferenceconference was was immediately immediately held held after after the the peace peace talk.talk.famefame n.n.the the condition condition of of being bein

24、g well-known well-known and and talked talked about;about;renownrenownExamplesExamples The The writers writers third third novel novel was was a a hit hit and and his his famefame soon soon spread spread all all over the world.over the world.The The young young politician politician is is anxious an

25、xious for for famefame,not not for for the the benefits benefits of of those people he represents.those people he represents.controversycontroversy n.n.(a)(a)fierce fierce argument argument or or disagreement disagreement about about sthsth,esp.esp.when carried on in publicwhen carried on in publicE

26、xamplesExamples The first cloned sheep gave rise to much The first cloned sheep gave rise to much controversycontroversy.Its Its a a matter matter of of controversycontroversy whether whether computers computers will will one one day day be be able to really think like humans.able to really think li

27、ke humans.representrepresent v.v.to to act act or or speak speak officially officially for for(another(another person person or or group group of people)of people)ExamplesExamples The The stars stars in in the the flag flag of of the the United United States States representrepresent the the 50 50 s

28、tates.states.Women were poorly Women were poorly representedrepresented in the new government.in the new government.treatmenttreatment n.n.1)1)medical attention;curemedical attention;cureExamplesExamples No No treatmenttreatment can cure AIDS effectively so far.can cure AIDS effectively so far.She w

29、ill undergo immediate She will undergo immediate treatmenttreatment.2)2)behavior toward behavior toward sbsbExamplesExamples The The old old ladys ladys treatmenttreatment of of her her pet pet cat cat aroused aroused the the dissatisfaction of her family members.dissatisfaction of her family member

30、s.Civilized people believe in humane Civilized people believe in humane treatmenttreatment of prisoners.of prisoners.irrationalirrational adj.adj.contrary or opposed to reasoncontrary or opposed to reasonExamplesExamples The The irrationalirrational reaction reaction to to the the loss loss of of th

31、e the football football game game caused caused serious consequences.serious consequences.My My wife wife is is an an irrationalirrational consumer consumer she she cannot cannot resist resist cheap cheap prices and always buys things we do not need.prices and always buys things we do not need.defor

32、mdeform v.v.to spoil the form or appearance ofto spoil the form or appearance ofExamplesExamples If the shoes are too tight,they will If the shoes are too tight,they will deformdeform your feet.your feet.Sitting incorrectly for long periods of time can Sitting incorrectly for long periods of time ca

33、n deformdeform your spine.your spine.argumentargument n.n.disagreement;quarreldisagreement;quarrelExamplesExamples He got into an He got into an argumentargument with Jeff in the pub last night.with Jeff in the pub last night.A A careful careful argumentargument for for the the existence existence o

34、f of extraterrestrial extraterrestrial life life has has been presented.been presented.excessiveexcessive adj.adj.too too much;much;too too great;great;going going beyond beyond what what is is reasonable reasonable or rightor rightExamplesExamples ExcessiveExcessive drinking drinking may may cause

35、cause damage damage to to the the liver liver and and the the brain.brain.An An excessiveexcessive price may affect our market share.price may affect our market share.implantimplant v.v.to put to put sthsth into a living body in a medical operation into a living body in a medical operationExamplesEx

36、amples It It can can help help a a lot lot for for the the patients patients with with heart heart disease disease to to implantimplant a a pacemaker.pacemaker.An animal organ was An animal organ was implantedimplanted into the patients body.into the patients body.illegalillegal adj.adj.prohibited b

37、y law;against lawprohibited by law;against lawExamplesExamples Some Some illegalillegal immigrants immigrants risk risk their their lives lives to to smuggle smuggle themselves themselves into developed countries.into developed countries.Its Its illegalillegal for teenagers to drink in pubs.for teen

38、agers to drink in pubs.prohibitprohibit v.v.to forbid,to issue a law against to forbid,to issue a law against sthsthExamplesExamples Smoking is strictly Smoking is strictly prohibitedprohibited in public buildings.in public buildings.Children under 18 are Children under 18 are prohibitedprohibited f

39、rom buying cigarettes.from buying cigarettes.secrecysecrecy n.n.keeping information or knowledge private or hiddenkeeping information or knowledge private or hiddenExamplesExamples I can rely on his promise of I can rely on his promise of secrecysecrecy.Id Id love love to to tell tell you you about

40、about it,it,but but Martins Martins sworn sworn me me to to secrecysecrecy (=made me promise not to tell anyone).(=made me promise not to tell anyone).go for go for to like or be attracted byto like or be attracted byExamplesExamples Many Many of of the the readers readers using using our our librar

41、y library go go forfor romance romance and and mystery.mystery.The The young young tend tend to to go go forfor adventures adventures while while the the elderly elderly prefer prefer security.security.embraceembrace v.v.to accept(an idea);to make use ofto accept(an idea);to make use ofExamplesExamp

42、les Nowadays more and more Westerners Nowadays more and more Westerners embraceembrace oriental culture.oriental culture.The The young young man man tries tries to to embraceembrace every every opportunity opportunity to to make make a a name for himself.name for himself.solesole adj.adj.being the o

43、nly one;onlybeing the only one;onlyExamplesExamples He is the He is the solesole owner of the basketball club.owner of the basketball club.The The solesole survivor survivor of of the the accident accident was was found found in in the the water water six six hours later,breathing but unconscious.ho

44、urs later,breathing but unconscious.riskrisk n.n.danger;danger;possibility possibility that that sthsth harmful harmful or or undesirable undesirable may happenmay happenExamplesExamples The firemen face various kinds of The firemen face various kinds of risksrisks in their daily work.in their daily

45、 work.To succeed in business one must be prepared to take To succeed in business one must be prepared to take risksrisks.instinctinstinct n.n.(a)(a)natural natural ability ability or or tendency tendency to to act act in in a a certain certain way,way,without having to learn or think about itwithout

46、 having to learn or think about itExamplesExamples Birds learn to fly by Birds learn to fly by instinctinstinct.Crying is an Crying is an instinctinstinct in humans.in humans.Yet the Vatican is no fan of his science.Yet the Vatican is no fan of his science.ParaphraseParaphrase ParaphraseParaphraseYe

47、t the Roman Catholic Church opposes his practice.Many Many people people have have a a hard hard job job seeing seeing the the point point of of reproductive cloning.reproductive cloning.ParaphraseParaphrase ParaphraseParaphraseMany people have difficulty in understanding the significance of reprodu

48、ctive cloning.Five Five years years on on from from Dolly,Dolly,the the science science of of cloning cloning is is still still stuck stuck in the dark ages.in the dark ages.ParaphraseParaphrase ParaphraseParaphraseFive years after Dolly was born,there is still no breakthrough in the science of clon

49、ing.In In any any case,case,the the prohibition prohibition of of cloning cloning is is more more likely likely to to drive drive it underground than stamp it out.it underground than stamp it out.ParaphraseParaphrase ParaphraseParaphraseIn any case,the banning of cloning cannot prevent scientists fr

50、om cloning.It will only force them to continue their research secretly.Read and think Exercise 2Exercise 3Exercise 4Content AwarenessEx.2 Work in groups of four and make a dialogue between a couple and two scientists.The couple desperately want a baby and try to persuade the scientists,who have been