大学英语四级题型及辅导.ppt

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1、大学英语四级题型及辅导 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望各部分测试内容、题型和所占分值比例试卷构成测试内容测试题型比例听力理解听力对话短对话多项选择35%长对话多项选择听力短文短文理解多项选择短文听写复合式听写阅读理解仔细阅读理解篇章阅读理解多项选择35%篇章词汇理解或短句问答选词填空或 短句回答快速阅读理解是非判断句+句子填空或其他完型填空 或改错完型填空 或 改错多项选择或 错误辨认并改正10%写作和翻译写作短文写作20%翻译中译英样卷结构、各部

2、分答题时间和所用答题卡样卷结构试题内容答题内容答题卡Part IWriting30 minutesAnswer sheet 1Part IIReading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)15 minutesPart IIIListening Comprehension35 minutesAnswer sheet 2Part IVReading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)25 minutesPart VCloze15 minutesPart VITranslation5 minutes应对策略1）作文的时候，没有试题册

3、，这样会避免考生从试题册中寻找相关的英语表达抄到作文中。2）注意作文和快速阅读后要收答题卡一，然后才能开始做后面的试题。学生平常练习时应注意每部分时间的控制，在规定的时间内完成规定的项目，不要跨区做题，这样才能适应考场要求。3）在9：4510：00之间收答题卡一和最后试音时间时可以预览听力部分的选项，建议考生要充分利用这段时间扫描passage部分的选项，弄清三篇文章的主题，至于短对话第一题的四个选项在播音前6秒看还来得及。4）做翻译题时，试题册已经收上去，避免考生从试题册中找单词的拼写或习惯用语。四 级 作 文共 30 分钟用 5 分钟左右仔细审题，根据重点列出提纲。用 20-22 分钟左右

4、的时间写文章。在写作时，一定要注意：1）文章结构清晰，语言条理清楚，2）亮点偶尔闪现，包括单词的准确与变化，句子结构的多样化，合理的过渡词的使用等等。最后，用 3-5 分钟检查修改文章，尤其注意时态和单复数的错误。作 文：三个应该注意的问题（一）卷面整洁，书写清楚1、齐头式卷面：段与段之间空一行，全部向左边靠。2、写错的地方可以用透明胶带粘干净。3、用黑笔做。（二）构思简单，少犯错误容易犯的两个错误：1、名词：单数可数名词前加a/an，复数加s。不知道的解决方法：所有名词前面都加the。2、主谓语错误：从句出现多个谓语。注意主谓搭配得当作 文：三个应该注意的问题（三）中心明确，层次分明每段第一

5、句都是中心句，从提纲变过来。下面加逻辑词一、二、三。eg.除夕的春节联欢晚会 如何拿高分？变化式拿高分，而不是用词用句难。eg.学生-年轻人-学习者开头结尾各自背5-7句，用自己熟悉的语言。eg.名言：生存或者死亡，这是一个问题。作文 框架正反观点对比题目第一段一般只写三句。第一句：It is widely believed by many people for some time that.第二句：One reason they think is that.第三句：The other reason they hold is that.第二段一般只写三句。第一句：While others ar

6、gue that.第二句：They maintain that.第三句：They also claim that.作文 框架正反观点对比题目第三段写四句。第一句：From what has been discussed above,we may come to the conclusion that.第二句：On the one hand,.第三句：On the other hand,.第四句：Only in this way can we.实题现象作文第一段只写两句：第一句：In recent years,there has been第二句：How to solve the problem

7、has become a hot issue among many people.第二段只写四句：第一句：What has caused this problem?It seems to me that there are reasons.第二句：Firstly,第三句：Secondly,第四句：Finally,现象作文第三段只写四句：第一句：How to solve the problem has become a hot issue among many people.第二句：For one thing,第三句：For another,第四句：Only in this way can we

8、 successfully solve the problem.实题书信作文 实题第一段只写两句：第一句：I am writing this letter today to 第二句：My name is and I am 第二段按照题目要求写：第三段只写三句：第一句：I sincerely hope you can take my letter seriously.第二句：Your prompt response will be highly appreciated.第三句：Thanks a lot for your time and consideration.谚语作文第一段只写四句：第一句

9、：It is that 第二句：You cannot until you 第三句：The more you,the more 第四句：If you,you 第二段举例写：第一句：Examples can be easily found to make a case for this proverb.第二句：Lets take for instance.第三句：Another illustration of this is 实题快 速 阅 读 题型：在 15 分钟内 阅读 1200 个单词的文章 做完 10 个题目前 7 题-判断正误或未提及，后 3 题-根据文章内容把句子补充完整。提示：了解文

10、章大意 寻找重要细节 一般情况下试题考查的内容和文章内容的出现顺序是一致的，自始至终分部，但并不是每段或每个小标题下都设题，有的段落和小标题下设2题，有的则没有设题。快 速 阅 读1）看题目定方向。由于时间比较紧张，我们必须带着目的在原文有选择有方向地读文章。这要求考生先看题目再看文章。题目中的时间数字或专有名词，是最应利用的关键字。如果没有这些关键字，可以根据题目的中心话题在原文寻读。比如样题中快速阅读部分第一题是“The passage gives a general description of the structure and use of a landfill”,看完题目可知此题考

11、文章的大意，所以看文章时可以不顾细节，看一下各部分的小标题即可。再如第二题是“Most of the trash that Americans generate ends up in landfills”,这个题目明显是涉及美国人大部分垃圾怎样处理的话题，所以看文章时就要重点关注含有美国人和大部分垃圾的话题。快 速 阅 读2）主次分明看文章。在原文搜索相关信号时，各段首末应该是阅读重点，另外转折、比较等重要语言现象都是重要的出题点。相反，同义说明的内容，举例的内容，人物身份说明的内容，含有大串专有名词或数字的内容，都是我们略读的部分。3）正误判断有陷阱。就答题而言，要注意前7题的答案有三种可能

12、，正确、错误或未提及。以往的四级阅读中，如果一个选项的内容是文章没有提到的，就会认定是错误答案，所以考生没有选择“未提及”的习惯，很容易错误。不过涉及未提及的题目一般不会太多。快 速 阅 读4）补充题目靠原文。快速阅读的最后三题是补充完整的题目，要求填写的只是个别单词。而这些单词一般是原文中的单词，所以只要考生找到了原文的相关信息，就可以填写正确。注意：一般情况下题文同序，所以下一题可以直接从上一题做在的段落开始查找，尤其要重视最后几段，因为这些段落可能是最后5题集中的地方，正误判断题/选择题和填空题都有可能出现在这些段落里。但是个别补充完整的题目可能会打乱出题顺序。四 级 听 力第一部分-对

13、话包括 8个 短对话（对应的有8个题目）；2篇 长对话（对应有7个题）；第二部分-三篇短文共 10 个题目第三部分-复合式听力词汇听写 8 个，句子听写 3 句。四 级 听 力 提示提示：1）复合式听力越来越鼓励考生注意在生活中积累单词。2）从样题复合式听力的新闻体裁来分析，建议考生平时养成收听VOA、BBC等英文节目的习惯。3）要更加强调短期记忆的能力以及正确拼写单词的能力。阅读理解（深度阅读）不要认为英语阅读差是由于不懂原文。英语阅读考查的是基本逻辑思维能力。常识在英语阅读中也能帮助我们解题阅读理解（深度阅读）仔细阅读最重要的三项能力：1 提取信息在文章中迅速而有效地找到每道题目的题干所针

14、对的部分这些部分能够帮助我们提取信息：（1）转折（2）比较（3）因果（4）关键词2整合信息整理合并信息 根据不同的题型来对信息进行整合四级常见的题型有：（1）细节题（2）词意题（3）态度题（4）主旨题 文章或某一段的主旨（5）推理题（6）例证题 说明，论证了什么 （7）实验题 实验的目的，结果3 逻辑比较把题干与原文的关系弄清楚阅读理解（深度阅读）解题的主要步骤：1 扫描题干关键词关键词的基本要求：名词 专有名词最有可能成为关键词2 浏览原文做标记3 逻辑比较得答案 阅读理解（深度阅读）考点：1 转折比较处转折句或者是转折关系常常是文章内容的强调处，是作者表达观点或者是陈述事物的关键地方。一般

15、而言，转折后的内容是语义的重点，因为转折后面的内容是作者的真实意图所在，所以命题者常常对转折处的内容进行提问。转折一般通过however，but,yet,in fact 等词或短语引导阅读理解（深度阅读）例：Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing,the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts.A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the c

16、ompany“has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend”toward casual dining.Families eat together less often,he explained,and more people eat alone,either because they are single or they eat in front of television.阅读理解（深度阅读）34.The main cause of the layoffs in the pottery industry is _.A)the inc

17、reased value of the pound B)the economic recession in Asia C)the change in peoples way of life D)the fierce competition at home and abroad阅读理解（深度阅读）例：Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing,the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts.A s

18、pokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company“has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend”toward casual dining.Families eat together less often,he explained,and more people eat alone,either because they are single or they eat in front of television.阅读理解（深度阅读）开头第一句话涵盖了很多信息。Although a

19、strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing,the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts虽然英镑强势和亚洲市场萎靡是规模缩水的一个原因，但裁员的根源还在于剧烈的社会变迁。阅读理解（深度阅读）例：Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing,the layoffs in Stoke have their r

20、oots in earthshaking social shifts.A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company“has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend”toward casual dining.Families eat together less often,he explained,and more people eat alone,either because they are single or they eat in front of televisi

21、on.阅读理解（深度阅读）34.The main cause of the layoffs in the pottery industry is _.A)the increased value of the pound B)the economic recession in Asia C)the change in peoples way of life D)the fierce competition at home and abroad阅读理解（深度阅读）p考点：2 举例处句中常用as,such as,for example,for instance,takeas an example等引

22、导的短语或句子作为例证。阅读理解（深度阅读）例：Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate.For instance,the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth（夸大事实,言过其实）.But given his results,work assessment,where honest

23、y is a priority,might be best done using email.这是一篇讲述交流途径与说谎频度的关这是一篇讲述交流途径与说谎频度的关系的文章。系的文章。阅读理解（深度阅读）It can be inferred from the passage that_A.honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communicationsB.more employers will use emails to communicate with their employersC.Suitable media should be c

24、hosen for different communication purposesD.Email is now the dominant medium of communication within a company阅读理解（深度阅读）例：Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate.For instance,the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees

25、 are encouraged to stretch the truth（夸大事实,言过其实）.But given his results,work assessment,where honesty is a priority,might be best done using email.A.在在人人际际交交流流中中应应该该鼓鼓励励诚诚实实。从从最最后后一一段段来来看看，作作者者鼓鼓励励在在销销售售时时使使用用电电话话以以便便更更能能夸夸大大其其词词，由由此可以看出作者是不看中诚实与否的问题的。此可以看出作者是不看中诚实与否的问题的。阅读理解（深度阅读）It can be inferred f

26、rom the passage that_A.honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communicationsB.more employers will use emails to communicate with their employersC.Suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposesD.Email is now the dominant medium of communication within a company阅读理解（深度阅读）例

27、：Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate.For instance,the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth（夸大事实,言过其实）.But given his results,work assessment,where honesty is a priority,might b

28、e best done using email.B 更更多多雇雇主主会会使使用用电电子子邮邮件件与与员员工工交交流流。最最后后一一段段Hancock举举的的第第二二个个例例子子是是鼓鼓励励人人们们使使用用电电子子邮邮件件的的.但但这这一一建建议议不不是是要要求求雇雇主主们们使使用用电电子子邮邮件件，而而是是要求雇员们使用要求雇员们使用。阅读理解（深度阅读）It can be inferred from the passage that_A.honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communicationsB.more employers w

29、ill use emails to communicate with their employersC.Suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposesD.Email is now the dominant medium of communication within a company阅读理解（深度阅读）例：Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communi

30、cate.For instance,the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth（夸大事实,言过其实）.But given his results,work assessment,where honesty is a priority,might be best done using email.C，应应针针对对不不同同的的交交流流目目的的，采采取取合合适适的的媒媒介介。文文章章最最后后举举了了情情况况不不同同的的两两个个例例子子，每每个个例例子子

31、适适宜宜使使用用的的媒媒介介也也不不同同。这这说说明明在在特特定定情情况况下下，应应选选用用特特定定的的 交交 流流 媒媒 介介，与与 C的的 说说 法法 一一 致致。阅读理解（深度阅读）It can be inferred from the passage that_A.honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communicationsB.more employers will use emails to communicate with their employersC.Suitable media should be chosen f

32、or different communication purposesD.Email is now the dominant medium of communication within a company阅读理解（深度阅读）例：Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate.For instance,the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are en

33、couraged to stretch the truth（夸大事实,言过其实）.But given his results,work assessment,where honesty is a priority,might be best done using email.D，电子邮件目前是公司内主要交流媒介。，电子邮件目前是公司内主要交流媒介。文中没有文中没有提到这一点。提到这一点。阅读理解（深度阅读）It can be inferred from the passage that_A.honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal commun

34、icationsB.more employers will use emails to communicate with their employersC.Suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposesD.Email is now the dominant medium of communication within a company阅读理解（深度阅读）n3 因果关系处 给出原因推断结果，或给出结果推断原因n例：Then there is the general,all covering apology

35、,which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting,and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again.Saying“Im useless as a parent”does not commit a person to any specific improvement.阅读理解（深度阅读）It is not advisable to use the ge

36、neral,all-covering apology because_.A)it gets one into the habit of making empty promises B)it may make the other person feel guilty C)it is vague and ineffective D)it is hurtful and insulting阅读理解（深度阅读）n例：Then there is the general,all covering apology,which avoids the necessity of identifying a spec

37、ific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting,and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again.Then there is the general,all covering apology=which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act=and which the person should promise never to do again=that was particul

38、arly hurtful or insulting=Who is apologizing阅读理解（深度阅读）分解为以下几个句子：1.Then there is the general,all covering apology然后就有了一种一般意义的、无所不包的道歉2.Which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act这种道歉避免了一种指明特别行为的必要性3.That was particularly hurtful or insulting3特别是让人伤心或者令人委屈的行为4.And which the person这种道歉使得人们

39、5.Who is apologizing.道歉的人们6.Should promise never to do again承诺以后不再犯类似的行为阅读理解（深度阅读）n例：Then there is the general,all covering apology,which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting,and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do a

40、gain.n然后还有一种泛泛的无所不包的道歉，这种道歉避免了一种指明特别让人伤心、特别令人委屈的、道歉者应该保证以后不会再犯的具体行为。阅读理解（深度阅读）n例：Then there is the general,all covering apology,which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting,and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again

41、.Saying“Im useless as a parent”does not commit a person to any specific improvement.n说“作为父亲我真没有用”是不能对孩子形成具体的指导。阅读理解（深度阅读）It is not advisable to use the general,all-covering apology because_.A)it gets one into the habit of making empty promises B)it may make the other person feel guilty C)it is vague

42、 and ineffective D)it is hurtful and insulting阅读理解（深度阅读）4 主题句处文章或段落的主旨常以主题句的形式出现，一般位于篇章的开头或篇末注意事项：1）看似合理的选项不是答案，看似不合理的选项是答案阅读理解（深度阅读）例：Advertisements showed pictures of the beautiful scenery that could be enjoyed along some of the more famous western routes and emphasized the romantic names of some

43、of these trains(Empire Builder,etc.).These ads were strategically placed among family-oriented TV shows and programs involving nature and America in order to most effectively reach target audiences.Results were impressive.The Empire Builder,which was focused on in one ad,enjoyed a 15 percent increas

44、e in profits on its Chicago to Seattle route.阅读理解（深度阅读）According to the passage,the Empire Builder enjoyed an increase in ridership and profits because _.A)the attractiveness of its name and route was effectively advertised B)it provided an exciting travel experience C)its passengers could enjoy the

45、 great western outdoors D)it was widely advertised in newspapers and magazines in Chicago and Seattle阅读理解（深度阅读）2）照抄原文的不是答案，和原文作同义替换的选项是答案选择 填空 I.考点分析：考试形式：与传统考题的完形相似，但十个空格有A到O十五个选项，要求考生选择正确的单词填入文章。Tip：考的就是在上下文中猜测词义的能力所以这种考察不是莫名其妙的，而是为了纠正我们词汇学习中的一大误区：只知背，不会猜。选择 填空II.解题方法 一、尽量辨性 把十五个选项按词性分别归入名词、动词、形容词

46、、副词等类别。辨性要注意下面几点。1.动词还要两分，那就是谓语和非谓语动词。所谓非谓语动词，就是-ing,-ed,to do型的，其它的都是谓语动词。但-ed型的有两种可能性，无法确定的要先打问号。2.记不得的，看后缀。有构词法中，前缀管意思，后缀管词性。所以看一个词的尾巴，往往能大致分出词性。请参照附件“英语后缀”。II.解题方法 一、尽量辨性 3.分不出的，词性不一定无法确定的，暂时搁置，不必赌气誓死纠缠，结果可能把自己缠死。4.作出相应的标记。可直接用自己最清楚的符号清楚标在每个词前后。不清楚的都标问号。选择 填空以真题为例，其选项如上：A)estimate；B)strength；C)d

47、eliberately；D)notify；E)tropical；F)phenomenon；G)stable；H)attraction；I)completely；J)destructive；K)starvation；L)bringing；M)exhaustion；N)worth；O)strike 名词：B,F,H,K,M(B的后缀th,H、K、M的tion都是名词后缀)谓语动词：A,D,O(-ate极可能是动词，f为动词后缀)非谓语动词：L(-ing结尾)形容词：E,G,J,N(E的-cal,G的able,J的tive是形容词后缀)副词：C和I(ly加在形容词后为副词后缀)以真题为例，其选项如上

48、：注意：所谓的“尽量辨性”一是要穷尽一切办法，不要说不认识就拉倒。即使从没见过，也想办法看能否判断其词性，这也是阅读中的要旨。词的性质有时比词义还重要。第二是尽量辨了就行，不一定每个都能辨出来。词的性质并不总是固定的，有些不认识的又没其它办法，可先搁置，不要过度纠缠。一、灵活求解 将选项分类之后，就得从文章中来寻找对应的线索了。选项与文章匹配的因素有两个:1)词性 2)词义所以在读文章时，要通过各种手段来确定空格的词性与意义。确定词性，确定在选项中的选择范围确定词性，确定在选项中的选择范围 1)关于动词的判断 a)前后都是名词短语，中间是动词 b)根据一句(包括从句)有且只有一个谓动的原则，其

49、它地方如无谓语动词，则需要谓语动词；反之则不需要谓语动词。Nowadays,weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino will 55,but.(will后面必然是原形动词，一起构成谓语)Scientists 54 this to be the longest ElNino for 2,000 years.(此句后只有一个to be，是非谓语动词，故空格必为谓语动词；且空格前后均为名词性，也基本确定它是动词。)确定词性，确定在选项中的选择范围确定词性，确定在选项中的选择范围 2)其它词的判断 形容词或名词修饰名词，限定词(the,t

50、his,that,a,my之类)后必有名词 This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.(这个/种奇怪的？，当然要一个名词了)The hot,humid(潮湿的)air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms.(严重的？风暴，可能是形容词，也可能是名词)El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months.The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history.(前面是最高级的修饰语