新加坡地理经济文化英语介绍-Singaporehweh.docx

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1、Evaluation Warning: The document was created with Spire.Doc for .NET.新加坡地理理经济文化化英语介绍绍新加坡共和和国Reppubliic off SinngapooreSingaaporee, offficiiallyy thee Reppubliic off Sinngapoore, is aan isslandd couuntryy loccatedd at the soutthernn tipp of the Malaay Peeninssula. It liess 1377 killomettres (85 mi) n

2、ortth off thee equuatorr, soouth of tthe MMalayysiann staate oof Joohor and nortth off Inddonessiass Riaau Isslandds. AAt 7007.1 km2 (2733.0 ssq mii), SSingaaporee is one of ffour remaaininng trrue ccity-stattes iin thhe woorld. It is tthe ssmalllest natiion iin Sooutheeast Asiaa. Prrior to EEuroppe

3、an setttlemeent, the islaand nnow kknownn as Singgaporre waas thhe siite oof a Malaay fiishinng viillagge att thee mouuth oof thhe Siingappore Riveer. SSeverral hhundrred iindiggenouus Orrang Lautt peoople alsoo livved aalongg thee neaarby coasst, rriverrs annd onn smaallerr isllandss. Inn 18119 thh

4、e Brritissh Eaast IIndiaa Commpanyy esttabliishedd a ttradiing ppost on tthe iislannd, wwhichh wass useed thhereaafterr as a sttrateegic tradding postt aloong tthe sspicee rouute.4 SSingaaporee wouuld bbecomme onne off thee mosst immporttant commmerciial aand mmilittary centtres of tthe BBritiish EE

5、mpirre, aand tthe hhub oof Brritissh poower in SSouthheastt Asiia. TThe ccity was occuupiedd by the Japaanesee durring Worlld Waar III, whhich Winsston Churrchilll caalledd Brritaiins greaatestt deffeat.5 Sinngapoore rreverrted to BBritiish rrule immeediattely posttwar, in 19455. Eiighteeen yyearss

6、latter tthe ccity, havving achiievedd inddepenndencce frrom BBritaain, mergged wwith Malaaya, Sabaah annd Saarawaak too forrm Maalayssia. Howeever, lesss thhan ttwo yyearss latter iit seecedeed frrom tthe ffederratioon annd beecamee an indeependdent repuublicc on 9 Auugustt 19665. SSingaaporee joiin

7、ed the Unitted NNatioons oon 211 Sepptembber tthat samee yeaar. IIt iss alsso a membber oof thhe Coommonnweallth oof Naationns. SSincee inddepenndencce, SSingaaporees sstanddard of llivinng haas beeen oon thhe riise. Foreeign direect iinvesstmennt annd a statte-leed drrive to iindusstriaalisaationn

8、bassed oon pllans drawwn upp by the Dutcch ecconommist Albeert WWinseemiuss havve crreateed a modeern eeconoomy ffocussed oon ellectrroniccs maanufaacturring, pettrochhemiccals, touurismm andd finnanciial sserviices alonngsidde trradittionaal enntreppt ttradee.ciitatiion nneedeed SSingaaporee is the

9、 5th weallthieest ccounttry iin thhe woorld in ttermss of GDP (PPPP) peer caapitaa.6 Thiis smmall natiion hhas fforeiign eexchaange reseervess of moree thaan USS$1777 billlionn.7 Thee poppulattion of SSingaaporee is apprroximmatelly 4.84 mmilliion.2 TThouggh Siingappore is hhighlly coosmoppolittan a

10、and ddiverrse, ethnnic CChineese fform the majoorityy of the popuulatiion. Engllish is tthe aadminnistrrativve laanguaage oof thhe coountrry. TThe CConsttituttion of tthe RRepubblic of SSingaaporee esttabliishedd thee nattions poolitiical systtem aas a reprresenntatiive ddemoccracyy, whhile the coun

11、ntry is rrecoggniseed ass a pparliiamenntaryy reppubliic.88 Thhe Peeoplees AActioon Paarty (PAPP) doominaates the poliiticaal prrocesss annd haas woon coontrool off Parrliamment in eeveryy eleectioon.新加坡自然然地理Naaturee Geoograpphy 1位于东南亚亚，是马来来西亚半岛岛最南端的的一个热带带城市岛国国。面积为为693平平方公里，北北隔柔佛海海峡与马来来西亚为邻邻，有长堤堤与马来

12、西西亚的新山山相通，南南隔新加坡坡海峡与印印度尼西亚亚相望。Singaaporee phyysicaal geeograaphy is llocatted aat Sooutheeast Asiaa, iss a PPeninnsulaar Maalayssia mmost soutth tiip off troopicss citty isslandd couuntryy. Thhe arrea iis 6993 sqquaree killometters, norrth sseparratess thee Johhore channnel and Malaaysiaa is the nei

13、gghbouur, hhas tthe ccauseeway and Malaaysiaas JJohorre iss intterliinkedd, soouth sepaaratees thhe Siingappore channnel and Indoonesiia faaces one anotther新加坡国名名由来Hoow Diid Siingappore Get Its Namee2加坡是一个个城市国家家，原意为为“狮城”。据据马来史籍籍记载，公公元11550年左右右，苏门答答腊的室利利佛逝王国国王子盘那那乘船到达达此岛，看看见一头猛猛兽，当地地人告知为为狮子，遂有有“狮城”之称

14、。新新加坡是梵梵语“狮城城”之谐音音，由于当当地居民受受印度文化化影响较深深，喜欢用用梵语作为为地名。而而狮子具有有勇猛、雄雄健的特征征，故以此此作为地名名是很自然然的事。过过去华侨多称其其为“息辣辣”，即马马来语“海海峡”的意意思，也有有因其小而而将之称为为星洲、星星岛的。图为新加坡坡的标志与与象征鱼尾狮塑塑像和“新加坡坡国父”-李光光耀。Singgaporre iss a ccity statte, tthe oorigiinal inteentioon iss “Siingappore”. Acccordding to MMalayya thhe hiistorricall reccor

15、dss reccord, aboout 11150, Summatraas rroom advaantagge Buuddhaa passsed kinggdom prinnce pplatee thaat too go by bboat to aarrivve att thiis isslandd, saaw a beasst off preey, tthe nnativve too infform for the lionn, thhen hhad “Singgaporre” tthe nname. Sinngapoore iis Paali “Singgaporre” tthe hhar

16、moonicss, beecausse thhe loocal resiidentt is beenn deeep thhe Inndiann cullturee inffluennce, likees taakingg thee geoograpphic namee witth Paali. But the lionn hass, thhe viigoroous ccharaacterristiic fiierceely, therreforre byy thiis acchievvemennt geeograaphicc namme iss thee verry naaturaal maa

17、tterr. Inn thee passt ovverseeas CChineese mmultii-namme itt “thhe Siingappore”, naamelyy Mallay “channnel” meaaningg, allso hhad bbecauuse oof itts sllighttly, but willl be callled SSingaaporee, Siing TTao. The charrt maakes an iidol for Singgaporres symbbol aand tthe ssymboolic - - fishh taiil lii

18、on wwith “thee Sinngapoore ffatheer”-Leee Kuaan Yeew.面积Areea meeasurremennt：为6933平方公里里693 squaare kkilommeterrs t 3首都Cappitall：新加坡坡（Sinngapoore）独立日Inndepeendennce DDay：8月9日日（19665年）官方语言oofficcial langguagee：英语、汉语、马来来语、泰米米尔语Engglishh, Chhinesse, MMalayy, Taamil langguagee行政用语：英语 汉汉语（20006年起起汉语也可可作为政府

19、府行政语言言）Admminisstrattive termminollogy: Engglishh Chiinesee (inn 20006 Chhinesse maay allso ttake goveernmeent aadminnistrratioon laanguaage国家格言：Majuulah Singgapurra（前进进吧，新加加坡” Advaance, Sinngapoore国歌：Maajulaah Siingappura 前进吧，新新加坡Addvancce, SSingaaporee国语Nattionaal laanguaage：马来语Maalay国花nattionaal

20、fllowerr：以一种名名为卓锦万代兰的的胡姬花为国花。东南南亚通称兰兰花为胡姬姬花。卓锦锦万代兰兰是由卓锦锦女士培植植而成，花花朵清丽端端庄、生命命力特强，它它象征新加加坡人的气气质和刻苦苦耐劳、果果敢奋斗的的精神。这这种浅紫红红色的美丽丽兰花有四四个花瓣，象象征各民族族及英语、华语、马马来语、泰泰米尔语44大语系。Take one kindd of nameed ouutstaandinng brrocadde thhrougghoutt thee agees bllue HHu Jiihua as tthe nnatioonal flowwer. Souttheasst Assia g

21、generric tterm orchhid iis Huu Jihhua. The outsstandding broccade bluee is throoughoout tthe aages culttivattes bby Mss. Zhhuo JJin bbecommes, the flowwers simpple aand bbeauttifull sollemn, thee vittalitty iss exttra-hheavyy, itt symmboliizes Singgaporrean perssonss makkingss andd endduress harrdsh

22、iips, the courrageoous sstrugggle spirrit. Thiss kinnd off shaalloww purrple reds beeautiiful orchhid hhas ffour flowwer ppetalls, ssymboolizees vaariouus naationnalitties and Engllish, Chiinesee, Maalay, thee Tammil llanguuage 4 biig laanguaage ffamillies.政要Poolitiicianns 44 内阁资政李李光耀，11965年年新加坡独独立后

23、，长长期担任总总理，19990年111月辞去去总理的职职务，改任任内阁资政政。国务资资政吴作栋栋(Gohh Chook Toong)，11990年年11月至至20044年8月任任新加坡第第二任总理理。现任总总理李显龙龙，20044年8月112日宣誓誓就职，成成为新加坡坡第三任总总理，122月当选新新加坡人民民行动党新新一任秘书书长，20006年55月再次当当选新加坡坡总理，55月30日日宣誓就职职总统纳丹丹，于19999年8月月18日当当选为新加加坡共和国国总统，99月1日正正式宣誓就就职，20005年99月连任。Mainn poiints of aadminnistrratioon Pool

24、itiicianns caabineet prresiddentiial ppolitticall advviserr Leee Kuaan Yeew, aafterr in 19655 Sinngapoore iindeppendeence, is premmier for a loong ttime, in 19900 Novvembeer reesignned ffrom premmiers duuty, channged to aa neww posst thhe caabineet prresiddentiial ppolitticall advviserr. Sttate affa

25、air ppresiidenttial poliiticaal addviseer Gooh Chhok TTong (Gohh Chook Toong), wass apppointted tthe SSingaaporee seccond premmier Noveemberr, 19990 tto Auugustt, 20004. Incuumbennt Prremieer Leee Hssien Loonng, oon Auugustt 12, 20004 waas swworn, beccomess thee Sinngapoore tthirdd preemierr, inn De

26、ccembeer waas ellecteed ass thee Sinngapoore ppeoplle too movve paarty new secrretarry geeneraal, iin Maay, 22006 was eleccted as SSingaaporee preemierr oncce moore, on MMay 330 iss swoorn iin Prresiddent Nadaan, wwas eelectted iin Auugustt 18, 19999 ass Sinngapoore RRepubblic pressidennt, oon Seept

27、emmber 1 iss swoorn iin offficiiallyy, inn Sepptembber, 20055 conntinuues.经济Ecoonomiic 55 经济以五大大部门为主主：商业、制造业、建筑业、金融业、交通和通通讯业。工工业主要包包括制造业业和建筑业业。制造业业产品主要要包括电子子产品、化化学与化学学产品、机机械设备、交通设备备、石油产产品、炼油油等部门。是世界第第三大炼油油中心。农农业在国民民经济中所所占比例不不到1，主主要有家禽禽饲养和水水产业。粮粮食全部靠靠进口，蔬蔬菜自产仅仅占5，绝绝大部分从从马来西亚亚、中国、印度尼西西亚和澳大大利亚进口口。服务业业为

28、经济增增长的龙头头产业。包包括零售与与批发贸易易、饭店旅游、交通与电电讯、金融融服务、商商业服务等等。Ecoonomyy by fivee deppartmmentss priimariily: Tradde, mmanuffactuuringg inddustrry, aarchiitectture induustryy, fiinanccial induustryy, trranspportaationn andd commmuniicatiion iindusstry. Thee inddustrry maainlyy inccludees thhe maanufaacturring i

29、nduustryy andd thee arcchiteecturre inndusttry. The manuufactturinng inndusttry pproduuct mmainlly inncluddes ddeparrtmennts aand sso onn eleectroonic prodductss, chhemisstry and chemmicalls, mmechaanicaal deevicee, trraffiic faaciliitiess, peetrolleum prodduct, reffinerry. IIs thhe woorld thirrd bi

30、ig reefineery ccenteer. TThe aagriccultuure aaccouunts for the propportiion iin thhe naationnal eeconoomy lless thann 1%, maiinly has the raissing of ppoulttry aand tthe aaquattic pproduucts induustryy. Thhe grrain depeends on tthe iimporrt coompleetelyy, thhe veegetaabless froom prroducces oonly ac

31、coountss forr 5%, thee majjor ppart fromm Mallaysiia, Chiina, Indoonesiia annd Auustraalia impoorts. Serrvicee inddustrry foor ecconommic ggrowtth leeadinng inndusttry. Inclludinng reetaill salles aand wwholeesalee traade, hoteel trravelling, traanspoortattion and teleecommmuniccatioon, ffinannciall

32、 serrvicee, coommerrciall serrvicee andd so on.货币 Cuurrenncy货币为新加加坡元（SSGD），11元等于1100分。纸币面值值有2元、5元、110元、550元、1100元、500元元、10000元、1100000元；硬币币有5分、10分、20分、50分、1元。The ccurreency for the Singgaporre doollarr (SGGD), 1 Yuuan iis eqqual to 1100 ppointts. TThe ppaperr monney fface valuue haas 2 Yuann, 5 Yuan

33、n, 100 Yuaan, 550 Yuuan, 100 Yuann, 5000 Yuuan, 10000 Yuaan, 1100000 Yuaan; TThe ccoin has 5 pooint, 10 poinnt, 220 pooint, 50 poinnt, 11 Yuaan.新加坡共和和国的教育育：Thee eduucatiion oof RRepubblic of SSingaaporee 新加坡教教育制度类类似英国式式制度，除除了各语文文类科外，均均以英语为为媒介语言言。一般修修读完十到到十一年的的中小学后后能选择到到初级学院院、高中或或理工学院院就读，前前两者半数数以上能升升

34、上国内大大学。新加加坡有五所所理工学院院与三所大大专学府，其其中新加坡坡国立大学学与南洋理理工大学都都是亚洲颇颇具盛名的的学府。新新加坡每年年吸引不少少来自中国国各地区和和马来西亚亚等地的留留学生前来来升学，令令该国成为为亚洲的区区域教育枢枢纽。新加加坡教育制制度常被批批评为过分分依赖制式式教材，不不鼓励个人人独立思想想空间，强强调以考试试方式的区区别学生素素质（升学学至上主义义），贬低低其他的学学习方式及及职业的贡贡献，新加加坡本土电电影小孩孩不笨即即以讨论该该制度可能能扼杀其他他新加坡各各类型人才才发展，及及因个人无无独立思考考的习惯将将无法回应应社会变迁迁挑战为电电影主题。The edu

35、ccatioon off Reppubliic off Sinngapoore TThe SSingaaporee eduucatiionall sysstem is ssimillar tthe BBritiish ttype systtem, besiides variious langguagees cllass brannch, takee Engglishh as mediium llanguuage. Aftter ggenerrallyy stuudiess tenn to 11 yyear elemmentaary aand mmiddlle scchoolls, ccan c

36、choosse thhe Coommunnity colllege, thee higgh scchooll or the Techhnicaal innstittute goess stuudy, firsst booth mmore thann hallf caan riise tthe ddomesstic univversiity. Singgaporre haas fiive TTechnnicall insstituutes withh thrree ttechnnicall colllegee schhoolss, thhe Siingappore Natiionall Unii

37、verssity and the soutthernn coaastall proovincces Univversiity oof Scciencce annd Teechnoologyy aree Asiia haave tthe ggreatt repputattion schoool. Singgaporre atttraccts eeveryy yeaar maany ffrom placces tthe ssuch as CChineese vvarioous aareass andd Mallaysiia fooreiggn sttudennts ccomess to entee

38、r a highher sschoool, mmakess thiis coountrry too beccome Asiaas rregioon too eduucatee thee keyy possitioon. TThe SSingaaporee eduucatiionall sysstem is ooftenn criiticiized to rrely on eexcesssiveely tthe sserviice ppatteern tteachhing mateeriall, dooes nnot eencouuragee inddividdual indeependdent

39、 thouught spacce, sstresssed thatt takkes aa tesst thhe waay diifferrencee stuudentt quaalityy (too entter aa higgher schoool ssupreeme pprincciplee), ddispaaragees otther studdy waay annd thhe occcupaationn conntribbutioon, tthe SSingaaporee nattive placce moovie Chiild nnot SStupiid nnamelly diisc

40、ussses thiss sysstem posssiblyy to straanglee othher SSingaaporee varriouss typpes ttalennted persson tto deeveloop, bbecauuse aand iindivviduaal noot inndepeendennt thhinkiingss cusstom willl be unabble tto reesponnd thhe soociall chaange challlengge foor thhe moovie subjject. Thee earrliesst knnow

41、n menttion of SSingaaporee wass a 33rd ccentuury CChineese aaccouunt wwhichh desscribbed SSingaaporee as Pu-luo-chunng (islland at tthe eend oof a peniinsulla). Litttle is kknownn aboout tthe iislannds histtory at tthat timee butt thiis maatterr-of-factt desscripptionn bellies Singgaporres coloourfu

42、ul paast.BBy thhe 144th ccentuury, Singgaporre haad beecomee parrt off thee migghty Sri Vijaayan empiire aand wwas kknownn as Temaasek (Seea Toown). Loocateed att thee natturall meeetingg poiint oof seea rooutess at the tip of tthe MMalayy Penninsuula, Singgaporre haad loong kknownn vissits fromm a

43、wwide variiety of ssea ccraftt, frrom CChineese jjunkss, Inndiann vessselss, Arrab ddhowss andd Porrtuguuese batttleshhips to BBuginnese schooonerrs.Duuringg thee 11tth ceenturry, tthis smalll buut sttrateegicaally-placced iislannd haad eaarnedd a nnew nname - SSingaa Purra (Lioon Ciity). Acccorddin

44、g to llegennd, aa vissitinng Srri Viijayaan prrincee saww an animmal hhe miistoook foor a lionn andd Sinngapooress moddern day namee wass borrn.Thhe Brritissh prrovidded tthe nnext notaable chappter in tthe SSingaaporee stoory. Duriing tthe 118th centtury, theey saaw thhe neeed ffor aa strrateggic h

45、alffway housse tto reefit, feeed annd prrotecct thhe flleet of ttheirr groowingg emppire, as welll as to fforesstalll anyy advvancees byy thee Duttch iin thhe reegionn. Itt wass agaainstt thiis poolitiical backkdropp thaat Siir Sttamfoord RRafflles eestabblishhed SSingaaporee as a trradinng sttatioo

46、n. TThe ppoliccy off freee trrade attrracteed meerchaants fromm alll oveer Assia aand ffrom as ffar aafielld ass thee US and the Midddle EEast. BBy 18824, justt fivve yeears afteer thhe fooundiing oof moodernn Sinngapoore, the popuulatiion hhad ggrownn froom a meree 1500 to 10,0000.IIn 18832, Singga

47、porre beecamee thee cenntre of ggoverrnmennt foor thhe Sttraitts Seettleementts off Pennang, Mallaccaa andd Sinngapoore. The openning of tthe SSuez Canaal inn 18669 annd thhe addventt of teleegrapph annd stteamsship incrreaseed Siingappores immporttancee as a ceentree forr thee exppandiing ttradee bettweenn Easst annd Weest.SSingaaporee hadd beeen thhe siite oof miilitaary aactioon inn thee 14tth ceenturry whhen iit beecamee embbroilled iin thhe sttrugggle ffor tthe MMalayy Penninsuula bbetweeen SSiam (noww T