专项复习讲练测-名词（答案）.docx

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1、小升初语言知识运用名词Jacky Chen lives in Shanghai.A monkey is eating a banana.（Jacky Chen 和 Shanghai 是名词）（monkey 和 banana 是名词）名词是表示人、事物、地点等名称的词。它可以表示具体的东西，也可以表示抽象的概念。一、名词的种类名词可以根据其意义分为专有名词和普通名词。例如：Jerry likes cookies, and his favourite is Oreo（奥利奥）.（普通名词）（专有名词）Tina wants to be a writer in the future Just like

2、 Jane Austen.（普通名词）（专有名词）（-）专有名词专有名词是用来表示特定的人、事物、地点或机构的名称。1 .专有名词的类别人名：John约翰,Linda琳达,Einstein爱因斯坦；国名、地名、山河名：China中国，Shanghai上海；机构、报刊：the United Nations联合国，China Daily中国日报；星期几、节日：Friday星期五National Day国庆节。2 .专有名词的用法（1）专有名词的首字母要大写，例如:Mary。（2）专有名词前冠词的用法：节假日前不用冠词，即使用零冠词，例如：National Day国庆节,Childrens Day儿

3、童节。某些专有名词，如江、河、湖、海的名字需要与定冠词the连用，例如：the West Lake 西湖，the Yellow River 黄河，the Great Wall 长城。典型例题（）My dad likes to read. He reads every day.A. Newspapers; China DailyB. newspapers; china dailyC. newspapers; China DailyD. newspapers; China daily正确答案CThose biscuits are(square).8. What is your brother? H

4、e is a(teach).9. Dont eat too much chocolate. It9s bad for our(tooth).10. The(boy) sketchbooks are over there.11. This skateboard is(Kitty and Sue).12. This is a picture of(new Zealand).14.1 like best, because it is warm and green.15. Our National Day is on the first.答案:1. toys 2. glasses 3. Whose 4

5、 girls 5. nurses 6. those ; pairs 7. any 8. squares 9. teacher 10.teeth IL boys 12. Kitty and Sue,s 13. New Zealand 14. spring 15. October七、选择填空。()1. Jane needs for school.A. a English book B. an English book C. some English book D. English book()2. A mother butterfly lays on a leaf.D. many eggD./A.

6、 some eggB. a eggC. some eggs)3. Ladies and gentlemen, here the news.A. areB. isC. am)4. Shes cutting out the shadow with of scissors.A. a pairB. a pieceC. a sheet)5. Tom often has bread for his breakfast.A. two pieces of B. two piece ofC. two)6. How many are there in the picture?A. peachB. the peac

7、h C. peachs)4. Shes cutting out the shadow with of scissors.A. a pairB. a pieceC. a sheet)5. Tom often has bread for his breakfast.A. two pieces of B. two piece ofC. two)6. How many are there in the picture?A. peachB. the peach C. peachsD. a barD. two piecesD. peaches)7. There9 re sixty in hour.A. m

8、inute; aB. minute; anC. minutes; an)7. There9 re sixty in hour.A. minute; aB. minute; anC. minutes; anD. minutes; a)8. Listen! Miss Fang is reading out the to the puzzles.A. keyB. keiesC. keysD. key*s)9. He goes to schoolA. on footA. on footB. on feetC. on the footD. on the feet)10. Some are chasing

9、 some.A. cat; mouseB. cat; miceC. cats; mouseD. cats; mice )11. Mr. and Mrs. Decarlo like ChineseA. foods and peoplesA. foods and peoplesB. foods and people C. food and peoples D. food andpeople)12. Mrs. Clark often has some and for supper.A. noodle; fruitB. noodles; fruits C. noodles; fruit D. nood

10、le;fruit)13. - Why does she look so unhappy? Oh, shes got. A. a bad teethB. a bad toothC. some bad tooth)14. Every year, Maria makes invitations for her birthday.A. muchB. a littleC. many)15. She*s so happy that she has homework today.A. manyB. lots ofC. a lot of)16.is famous all over the world.D. s

11、ome bad toothsD. anD. a littleD. The Great wallA. Great WallB. The great wall C. The Great Wall )17. Children,is coming. What are you going to do for it?A. National dayB. the National dayC. National DayD. the National DayWe are going to make some national flags.)18. - Whose is this amazing bedroom?

12、It is.D. Tim and JimD. childrenA. Tims and JimsB. Tim and Jim!sC. tim and jim*s)19. Whose pencil-cases are these? They are theA. childrens*B. childrensC. children1 )20.1 am a friend of.A. the GreenB. the GreensC. the Greens*sD. the Greens,)21. Whose bags are these? They are.A. the twins B. the twins

13、* C. the twins*sD. twins1)22. These are made ofA. glass; glassB. glasses; glassesC. glasses; glassD. glass; glasses)23. There different in the pond.A. is; fishB. is; fishesC. are;fish)23. There different in the pond.A. is; fishB. is; fishesC. are;fishD. are; fishes)24. They are.A. woman teacher B. w

14、omen teachers)25. Everyone has at the party.A. great funsB. many funs)24. They are.A. woman teacher B. women teachers)25. Everyone has at the party.A. great funsB. many funsC. woman teachersC. much funD. women teacherD. much funs答案：BCBAA DCCAD DCBCD CCBBD BCDBC八、根据上下文和首字母提示，在空格上填入适当的名词，使文章意思通顺。Today

15、 is S(1). It is a sunny d(2). Peter and Sandy are out for a p(3).They go to a p(4). It is a big park. They can see many p(5) there. There are a lot of green t(6) and beautiful f(7) in the park. Near the gate, there is a 1(8). Some beautiful swans are swimming in the lake and you can see lots of fish

16、 there.Peter and Sandy take many things to eat, such as bread, sausages, cookies and oranges. They have 1(9) under a tree. After lunch they read some b(10) and talk with each other. They have a great time.答案：1. Sunday / Saturday 2. day 3. picnic 4. park 5. people 6. trees 7. flowers 8. lake 9. lunch

17、10. books令一关注有礼令学科网中小学资源库扫码关注可免费领取180套PPT教学模版令海量教育资源一触即达令新鲜活动资讯即时上线事学科同解题思路：前句中没有特指爸爸喜欢看哪份报纸，所以newspapers是一个普通名词，首字母不需 要大写；而China Daily是一份报纸的名称，所以China和Daily的首字母都要大写。(二)普通名词不属于特定的人、事物或地点的名称的词，例如:people人们。普通名词通常又分为可数名词和不可数名词。名词的数二、名词的数(一)可数名词可以以数目来计算，能够分成个体的名词就是可数名词。可数名词又分为单数名词和复数名词。1 .单数名词(1)首字母的发音为

18、辅音时，使用不定冠词a,例如:a dog, a uniform。(2)首字母的发音为元音时，使用不定冠词an,例如:an apple, an hour。注意:单数名词前加a或是an,不是取决于该名词的首字母，而是取决于首字母的发音。例如:单词 hour的首字母虽为辅音字母h,但是发的第一个音是/au/“是元音，所以“一个小时”应该是an houro2 .复数名词可数名词由单数变为复数分为规那么变化和不规那么变化两种形式。单数变复数的规那么变化形式：(1) 一般情况下，词尾直接加-s,例如：snakesnakes清辅音+ S读/s/bedbeds浊辅音+ s读/z/barbars元音+ s读/z

19、/(2)元音字母加y结尾，直接加-s,例如:boyboys/z/keykeys/z/toytoys/z/(3)以s, x, sh, ch结尾，加-es,例如:busbuse.s/z/boxboxes/k/watchwatches/z/(4)辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i,加-es,例如:babybabies/z/ladyladies/z/flyflies此处ies读/a e/(5)以f、fe结尾,变f、fe为v,加-es,例如:knifeknives/vz/leafleaves/vz/wolfwolves/vz/(6)以o结尾，表示人物、动植物的单词，加-es,例如:potatopotatoes/

20、z/lomatotomatoes/z/heroheroes/z/(7)以o结尾，表示无生命的物体，多数加-s,例如:photophotos/z/radioradios/z/pianopianos/z/zoozoos/z/kilokilos/z/单数变复数的不规那么变化形式:(1)单复数同形，例如：deerdeersheepsheepChineseChinese（2）改变中间元音，例如:goosegeesetoothteethfootfeet（3）改变词尾，例如:oxoxenchildchildrenmanmenwomanwomenmousemice注意：roof（屋顶），handkerchie

21、f（手帕）虽然是以f结尾，但是它们的复数形式是roofs, handkerchiefs, 即直接加-s;而scarf（围巾）的复数形式可以是scarfs,也可以是scarvesofish用作可数名词指“鱼的条数”时单数和复数形式相同，two fish （两条鱼），指“鱼的种类” 时复数形式为fishes,如two fishes （两种鱼）；fish用作不可数名词时无复数形式，应作“鱼肉”解。有些名词总是复数形式，常与复数动词连用，例如:clothes （衣服），police （警察）， trousers （裤子），glasses （眼镜），scissors （剪刀）等。有些复合名词的复数形式，

22、通常是把最后一个词变成复数形式，例如:boy students （男生）， girl students （女生）；但是如果man和woman位于复合名词的第一局部，两局部都要变成复数， 例如:men drivers （男司机），women drivers （女司机）。（二）不可数名词不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的名词就是不可数名词。小学阶段常见的不可数名词有：water, milk, juice, lemonade, honey, coffee, tea, jam, ink, homework, cheese, rice, sugar, salt, flour, money, paper,

23、 meat, glue, bread, rain, snow, furniture 等。不可数名词的用法(1)不可数名词不能与不定冠词a/an连用，请比照:错误：I need a sugar, a salt and a flour to make a cake.正确：I need some sugar, salt and flour to make a cake.(2)不可数名词在句子中作为单数名词来使用，请比照：错误：There are some bread on the table.正确：There is some bread on the table.(3)不可数名词的量可以借助piec

24、e, slice, drop, packet, tube等单位词来表示。其中，piece的使用 尤为广泛，例如：papera piece of paper2 pieces of paperbreada piece of bread3 pieces of breadfurniturea piece of furniture4 pieces of furniturewatera glass of water5 glasses of watersoapa bar of soap6 bars of soapricea bowl of rice7 bowls of rice(4)不可数名词可以用 som

25、e, any, little/a little, much, a lot of 来修饰，但是不能用 many, few/a few 来修饰，请比照：错误：Jerry has many homeworks today.正确：Jerry has much homework today.(5)对不可数名词的量的提问应该用how much,对可数名词个数的提问应该用how many,例如： The monkey eats 2 kilos of fruit every day.How much fruit does the monkey eat every day?注意:有些名词在汉语概念中是可数的，但

26、是在英语中却是不可数的，例如：一支粉笔 a piece of chalkonoodles和vegetables这两个单词常作为复数来使用。典型例题()Kate needs empty paper cup,rice and paper to make a shaker.A. a; some; a B. an; some; a C. an;some;a piece ofD. an; many; a piece of正确答案c解题思路empty的首字母发音为元音，所以一个空纸杯应该是an empty paper cup,排除选项A； rice是不可数名词，不能用many来修饰，排除D； paper也

27、是不可数名词，一张纸应该是a piece of paper,所以排除B,只能选择C。三、名词的所有格Is this Lindas umbrella?(Lindas 为名词所有格)No, it isn*t. Its Peters.(Peters 为名词所有格)名词的所有格主要是用来表示名词与名词之间的一种所属关系，它的中文意思为“的名词所有格的构成(1)单数名词和不以S结尾的复数名词后加，S,例如：单数名词MaryMarys bookchildthe childs petboythe boys ball不以S结尾的复数名词childrenchildrens Daywomenwomens clot

28、hesmenmens ties(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词后面加，例如:boysboys ballsladiesthe ladies9 dressesteachersTeachers5 Day(3)在并列的几个名词后面各加，s,表示物体分别属于某人；在并列的几个名词的最后一个名词 后加s,表示物体为几个人共同拥有，例如：Lucy and Lilys petLucys and Lilys pets这只宠物为Lucy和Lily共同拥有这些宠物分别属于Lucy和Lily(4) of +名词”一般用来表示无生命的物体间的所属关系，而且也经常可以转化为k的格式，例 如：of +名词s天空的颜色the

29、colour of the skythe skys colour自行车铃the bell of the bicyclethe bicycles bell画框the frame of the picturethe pictures frame书的标题the title of the bookthe books title(5)双重所有格i, “of +名词所有格，通常用来表示整体中的一个或局部，请比照：Peter的一位朋友错误：a friend of Peter正确：a friend of Peters = one of Petefs friends马丁先生的一些亲戚错误:some relati

30、ves of Martin正确：some relatives of Martins = some of Martini relatives典型例题()This lovely pet dog is.A. Linda*s and Susan*s B. Linda and Susans C. Linda*s and Susan正确答案B解题思路从题目中可以看出，只有一只pet dog,所以这只小狗是Linda和Susan共同拥有的，s 应该加在最后一个人的名字后面。练习、正确书写以下单词或词组。1. coke3. mr. smith5. the usa7. Chinese books9. t-shi

31、rt2. french fries4. mr and mrs green6. the great wall8. physical education10. class one, grade five答案：1. Coke 2. French fries 3. Mr. Smith 4. Mr and Mrs Green 5. the USA 6. the Great Wall 7.Chinese books 8. Physical Education 9. T-shirt 10. Class One, Grade One1. window3. photo5. story7. fish9. chil

32、d11. lotus13. woman15. actress1. window3. photo5. story7. fish9. child11. lotus13. woman15. actress2. fox4. bean6. dish.8. shelf10. tomato12. this14.sheep 二、写出以下名词的复数形式。答案：1. windows 2. foxes 3. photos 4. beans 5. stories 6. dishes 7. fish/fishes 8. shelves 9. children 10. tomatoes 11. lotuses 12. t

33、hese 13. women 14. sheep 15. actresses三、选出不同类别的单词。)1. A. grandma)2. A. doctor)3. A. Mr. Black)4. A. short)5. A. computer lab)6. A. supermarketB. grandpaB. firefighterB. my teacherB. shortsB. classroomB. schoolC.teacherC. peopleC. Miss LuC. blouseD. fatherD. bus driverD. Mrs. SmithD. sweaterC. gymD.

34、shopC. police station D. China()7.A. grass()8.A. stone()9.A. aviary()10. A. sun答案：CCBAD DDDDC()7.A. grass()8.A. stone()9.A. aviary()10. A. sun答案：CCBAD DDDDCB. hayB. flowerB. fountainB. rainC. meatC. cornC. pondC. cloudyD. eatD. learnD. parkD. wind四、根据句意，从方框内选出正确的单词或短语完成句子，每词或短语只准使用一次。leaves newspape

35、r hair giraffe comic book North Country Park bar June UK the door of the classroom1. John is eating a of chocolate.2. In autumn,fall and fall.3. The Li family is going to have a picnic in.4. Grandma Wang likes to read every morning.5. The Barbie doll has got beautiful long.6. Mary hopes she can get

36、a as her birthday present.7. We can see some in the zoo.8. Peters favorite month is, because he can enjoy Childrens Day.9. George is from London,.10. Dont forget to lock before you leave.答案：1. bar 2. leaves 3. North Country Park 4. newspapers 5. hair 6. comic book 7. giraffes 8.June 9. UK 10. the do

37、or of the classroom五、根据句意，从方框内选出合适的单词或短语，并使用其正确形式完成句子。piece woman the twins actress art and craft1. They are drivers.2. Lindas favorite subject is.3. Mrs. Gasbag bought two of furniture last week.4. They are excited to see so many charming.5. These are uniforms.答案：1. women 2. Art and Craft 3. pieces

38、. 4. actress 5 the twins六、根据句意或括号内的提示，在空格中填入正确的单词。1. How many(toy) are there in the box? There is one.2. There is a pair of(glass) on my nose.3. (who) fruit is this? Its Peters.4. Those(girl) dolls are beautiful. They like them very much.5. We are(nurse).6. - What are(that)? - They are two(pair) of shoes.7. - Is there(some) butter in the packet? - Yes.