2022年中考英语语法知识难点总结 .docx

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1、精品_精品资料_英语语法学问难点（一）II 例题 （一）形容词和副词I 要点A. 形容词1、形容词的用法形容词是用来修饰、描画名词的,通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补,有时仍可作状语.如：He is honest and hardworking. I found the book interesting.某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时,谓语通常用复数形式.如：The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city. The English like to be with their families.多个形容词作定语修饰名词的次

2、序：冠词 +序数词 +基数词 + 性质状态（描述性）+外形大小 + 新旧老少 +颜色 +国籍 +材料 + 名词.如：the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.2、形容词比较等级的形式（ 1）规章形式一般说来, 单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er; -est 来构成比较级和最高级.其他双音节词及多音节词在前加more, most. 如：great-greater-greatest busy-busier-busiestimportant-more important-themost important（ 2）不规章形式

3、good well-better-best bad ill-worse-worstmany much-more-most little-less-least（ 3）形容词比较等级的用法表示两者的比较,用形容词的比较级+than. 如：He is cleverer than the other boys.This one is more beautiful than that one.表示两者以上的比较,用the + 形容词最高级（ + 名词） +ofin如：He is the cleverest boy in his class.表示两者是同等程度,用as +形容词原级 +as.如：He is

4、 as tall as I.I have as many books as you.越 越例如： The more I learn, the happier I am. You can never be too careful.越当心越好又如： You can never praise the teacher too highly.你怎么颂扬这个老师也不过分. I have never spent a more worrying day.那一天是最令我担忧的一天.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_I have never had a better dinner.这是我吃过的最好的

5、一顿饭. My English is no better than yours.我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样.B. 副词1、副词的种类（ 1）时间副词如： ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow等（ 2）的点副词如： here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside等.（ 3）方式副词如： carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervous

6、ly等.（ 4）程度副词如： almost, nearly, much, greatly, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very等.2、副词比较等级的用法其用法与形容词相像,只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词.如：Of all the boys he sings the most beautifully. We must work harder.3、某些副词在用法上的区分（ 1） already, yet, stillalready 表示某事物已经发生,主要用于确定句.yet 表示期望某事发生,主要用于否定句和疑问句. still 表示某事仍在进行,主要用于确定句和疑问

7、句,有时也可用于否定句.如：Weve already watched that film.I havent finished my homework yet. He still works until late every night.（ 2） too, as well, also, eithertoo, as well 和 also 用于确定句和疑问句,too 和 as well 多用于口语,一般放在句末,而 also多用于书面语,一般放在句中与动词连用.either 用于否定句和否定的疑问句,往往放在句末.如： He went there too.He didnt go there eit

8、her.I like you as well.I also went there.(3) hard, hardlyhardly 意为 几乎 与 hard 在词义上完全不同.如：I work hard every day.I can hardly remember that.(4) late, latelylately 意为 最近、近来 , late 意为 晚、迟 .如： He never comes late.Have you been to the museum lately.例 1 Toms father thinks he is already A high enoughB tall e

9、noughC enough highC enough tall解析： 该题正确答案是 B .修饰人高用tall,而建筑物的高用high, 并且 enough 修饰形容词要放在形容词后面.因此该题选B.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_例 2the worse I seem to be. A When I take more medicineB The more medicine I takeC Taking more of the medicine D More medicine taken解析： 该题正确答案为B .the+ 形容词比较级 + , the + 形容词比较级 +意

10、为越 ,越 .该句意为：吃的药越多,我的病越是加重.例 3I havent been to London yet.I havent been there.A tooB alsoC eitherD neither解析：该题正确答案为 C.A 和 B 都用于确定句中. D-neither 本身意为否定 两者都不 ,而C-either 就用于否定句中,意为 也.例 4 Mr Smith wasmoved at the news.A deep B deeply C very deep D quite deeply解析：该题正确答案为 B.A. deep 用于副词时,修饰详细的深,如 dig deep,

11、 而 B-deeply 就修饰表示感情颜色的词,如该题为 deeply moved. 另如 deeply regret 等.而 D-quite 和 deeply 均为副词,不能相互修饰.（二）介词I 要点1、介词和种类（ 1）简洁介词,常用的有 at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without 等.（ 2）复合介词,如 by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of 等.2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系（ 1）和动词的搭配,如agree with,

12、ask for, belong to, break away from, care about等.（ 2）和形容词的搭配,如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at（ 3）和名词的搭配,如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to等.3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语,这种修饰语通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely 等少数几个副词.如：He came right after dinner.He lives direct

13、ly opposite the school. 4、某些介词的意义与用法举例（ 1） at, on, in （表时间）表示时间点用 at,如 at four oclock, at midnight等.表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at,如 at that time, at Christmas 等.指某天用 on, 如 on Monday, on the end of November,指某天的天天用on, 如 on Fridaymorning, on the afternoon of September lst等.指长于或短于一天的时段用in, 如 in the afternoon, in F

14、ebruary, in Summer, in 1999等.（ 2） between, among （表位置）between 仅用于二者之间, 但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时,也用 between,如Im sitting between Tom and Alice.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_The village lies between three hills. among 用于三者或三者以上之间.如： He is the best among the students.（ 3） beside, besidesbeside 意为 在 旁边 ,而 beside

15、s 意为 除 之外 .如： He sat beside me.What do you want besides this.（ 4） in the tree, on the treein the tree指动物或人在树上,而on the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上（ 5） on the way, in the way, by the way, in this way on the way指在路上 in the way指挡道by the way指顺便问一句in this way用这样的方法（ 6） in the corner, at the cornerin the corner指在拐角内at

16、 the corner指在拐角外（ 7） in the morning, on the morningin the morning是一般说法on the morning特指某一天的早晨（ 8） by bus, on the busby bus是一般说法on the bus 特指乘某一辆车II 例题例 1 Do you know any other foreign languageEnglish.A except B but C beside D besides解析： A、B 两项 except 等于 but,意为 除了 , C-beside 意为 在 旁边 ,不符合题意.而 D-besides

17、,意为 除了 之外,仍有 .所以该题正确答案为D .该题意为：除了英语外, 你仍知道别的语言吗？例 2 He suddenly returneda rainy night.A on B at C in D during解析：我们均知道,at night 这一短语,但假如night 前有修饰词,表详细的夜晚,就要用介词 on 来修饰,故该题正确答案为A.例 3 Im looking forwardyour letter.A to B in C at D on解析：该题正确答案为A. look forward to为固定搭配,意为 期望、希望 .（三）连词I 要点1、连词的种类（ 1）并列连词用来

18、连接并列关系的词、短语或分句,如and, for, or, bothand, eitheror, neither no等r .（ 2）从属连词用来引导从句,如that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等.除了从属连词（引导状语从句）外,仍有其它可以用来引导从句的词类.它们是连接代词和连接副词（引导名词性从句）,关系代词和关系副词（引导定语从句）.2、常用连词举例1and和,并且可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_They drank and sang all night.(2) bothand 和,既 也Both my parents an

19、d I went there.(3) but但是,而Im sad, but he is happy.(4) eitheror或 或 ,要么 要么 Either youre wrong, or I am.(5) for 由于I asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him.(6) however然而,可是Af first, he didnt want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go.(7) neithernor既不 也不Neither my parents nor my aunt

20、agrees with you.(8) not onlybutalso不但 而且 He not only sings well, but also dances well.(9) or或者,否就Hurry up, or youll be late.Are you a worker or a doctor.(10) so因此,所以Its getting late, so I must go.(11) although虽然Although it was late, they went on working.(12) as soon as 一 就Ill tell him as soon as I s

21、ee him.(13) because 由于He didnt go to school, because he was ill.（ 14） unless 除非,假如不I wont go unless it is fine tomorrow.（ 15） until直到He didnt leave until eleven. 瞬时动词用于 not until结构 He stayed there until eleven.（ 16） while当 时候,而 表示对比 While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. while后不行用瞬时动词 My pen

22、is red while his is blue.（ 17） for由于He was ill, for he didnt come. 结论是推断出来的 （ 18） since 自从 I have lived here since my uncle left.（ 19） hardly when 一 就I had hardly got to the station when the train left.（ 20） as far as 就 来说可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_As far as I know, that country is very small.You may w

23、alk as far as the lake. 始终走到湖那里 II 例题例 1 John plays football, if not better than, David.A as well B as well as C so well D so well as解析：该题意为：John 踢足球假如不比David 好的话, 那也踢得和 David 一样好. 和 一样好为 as well as. 故该题正确答案为B.例 2 She thought I was talking about her daughter, in fact, I was talking about my daughter

24、.A when B where C which D while解析：该处意为 然而 ,只有 while 有此意思,应选D .例 3 Would you like a cup of coffeeshall we get down to business right away.A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise解析：该处意为 或者 ,正确答案为 C .英语语法学问难点（二）（四）动词时态、语态I 要点1、一般现在时（ 1）表示常常发生的动作或现在存在的状态,常与sometimes, always, often, every day等时间状语连用.如：Sometime

25、s, we go swimming after school.（ 2）表示客观真理、科学事实等.如：The earth goes round the sun. 2、现在进行时(1) 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作,常与now, at present 等时间状语连用.如：What are you doing now.(2) 和 always, continually等连用,表一种常常反复的动作,常含有某种情感.如：He is always doing good deeds. 3、现在完成时主要表示动作发生在过去,对现在仍有影响,或动作始终连续到现在,或可能仍要连续下去,常与 just, alr

26、eady, so far, once, never等词连用.如 :Have you ever been to Beijing.4、一般将来时表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrow, next year等连用.如：Ill meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning. Were going to see a film next Monday.5、一般过去时表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态,常与 yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago 等词连用.如：It happ

27、ened many years ago.6、过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作.如：What were you doing this time yesterday. 7、过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作.如：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_The train had already left before we arrived.、一般过去将来时表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作.如：He said he would come, but he didnt.、被动语态 被动语态的时态,以give为例.时式一般进行完成现在amisgi

28、venamisbeinghasbeen given可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_过去将来过去将来are waswere shallwill shouldwouldgivenbe givenbe givenare waswerebeing givenhavehad been givenshallhave been givenwill shouldhave been givenwould可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_II 例题例 I learned that her fatherin 1950.A had died B died C dead D is dead

29、解析： 该题正确答案为. 从句中的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前,但因从句中有明确的过去时间状语in 1950,所以不用过去完成时态,而用一般过去时态.例 The five-year-old girlby her parents. A is looked B has looked forC is being looked for D has been looked解析：该题正确答案为.在带有介词的动词短语用于被动语态句中,介词不能省, 否就就变成了不及物动词短语,而不能用于被动语态的句子中.（五）动词虚拟语气I 要点表示说的话不是事实,或者是不行能发生的情形, 而是一种愿望、 建

30、议或与事实相反的假设等.一般常用于正式的书面语中.、虚拟语气的构成情形条件从句的谓语动词主句的谓语动词与现在事实相反 动词过去式（ be 要用 were）should可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_+动词原形wouldshould与过去事实相反 had +过去分词+have+过去分词would、动词过去时与将来事实相反 、 should +动词原形、 were to +动词原形should动词原形would注：假如条件从句谓语动词包含有were 或 had, should, could 有时可将 if 省去 , 但要倒装. 如：Had you If you had invite

31、d us, we would have come to your party.、虚拟语气在各种从句的应用（）在主语从句中用来表示诧异、惋惜、理应如此等,其谓语形式是should 可省 动词原形 ,常用于以下三种句型中.句型一： It is necessary important, natural, strange, etc that 句型二： It is a pi ty a shame, no wonder, etc that句型三： It is suggested requested , proposed, desired, etc that 如： It is strange that he

32、 should have done that.It is a pity that he should be so careless.It is requested that we should be so careless.（）在宾语从句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等动词后的宾语从句中,表间接的命令和建议.其谓语形式是should+ 动词原形 .如：I suggest that we should go swimming.（）在表语从句中,表示间接的命令,要求、恳求、建议、打

33、算等,主句中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea 等.从句谓语形式是should 动词原形 .如： His suggestion is that we should leave at once.（）在同位语从句中,谓语形式是should 动词原形 .如：We received order that the work be done at once.（）在 It is time that句型中,其谓语动词形式是动词的过去式 或should动词原形 ,should 不行省.如： Its time that we went should

34、go to school.II 例题例 We had hoped that helonger.A stays B have stayed C stayed D would stay解析：该题正确答案为.had hoped 表示 本期望 ,同样用法的动词仍有think, expect 等,后面的句子需用虚拟语气例 Mary wants to see you today.I would rather shetomorrow than today.A comes B came C should come D will come解析：该题正确答案为.would rather 后面的从句需用虚拟语气,用

35、动词过去时表示.例 Had she been older, sheit better.A had done B might have doneC might do D would do解析： Had she been older = If she had been old.故该题正确答案为.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_（六）短语动词I 要点英语中有很多短语动词在意义上是一个整体,其用法有的相当于及物动词,有的相当于不及物动词,有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特点.英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种：（）动词介词常见的有 look for, look after, send fo

36、r, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of from, add to, lead to等.这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后.如：Dont laugh at others.I didnt care about it.（）动词副词常见的有 give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等.这类短语动词的宾语假如是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边.宾语假如是人称代词或反身代词,就要放在副词前边.如： Youll hand in your homework tomorrow.Pleas

37、e dont forget to hand it in.（）动词副词介词常见的有 look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等.这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边.如：All his money added up to no more than $100.After a short rest, he went on with his research work.（）动词名词介词常见的有 take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of等

38、.这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边.如： You should pay attention to your handwriting.We should make full use of our time.（）动词形容词常见的有 leave open, set free, cut open 等.这类短语动词的宾语假如是名词,就宾语可放在形容词的前边,也可放在后边.宾语假如是人称代词或反身代词,就必需放在形容词前边.如：The prisoners were set free. He cut it open.（）动词名词常见的有 take place, make friends 等.这类短语动词用

39、作不及物动词.如：This story took place three years ago. I make friends with a lot of people.（ 7）辨析give away 让给,暴露 和 give up （舍弃,停止） put away （放起,收起）和put out （扑灭） turn up （出席,放大）和turn on （打开） keep out （阻挡）和keep off（不让靠近） make up （编造,补上）和make out （辨认） take off （脱,起飞）和take out（拿出）II 例题例 It is wise to have some

40、 moneyfor old age.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_A put away B kept up C given away D laid up解析：该题正确答案为.意为 存 . keep up 意为 连续 . give away 意为 分发 . lay up 贮藏 .例Heres my card. Lets keep in.A touch B relation C connection D friendship解析：该题正确答案为A. keep in touch 为短语动词,意为 保持联系 .例 . Theres a train coming.A Look out

41、B Look around C Look forward D Look on解析：该题选 A. look out意为 当心 .（七）动词不定式I 要点式语态主动语态被动语态、不定式的形式.以动词write 为例.一般式to writeto be written完成式to have writtento have been written进行式完成进行式to be writingto have been writing、不定式的句法功能（）作主语To hear from you is nice.To be a good teacher is not easy.不定式作主语时,为了保持句子的平稳,往

42、往以it 作形式主语,而不定式置于谓语动词后.如： Its nice to hear from you.Its not easy to be a good teacher.（）作宾语通常用于 want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help 等词后.如： I forgot to lock the door.Please remember to write to me.（）作表语My job is to pick up letters.He

43、 seemed to have heard nothing.（）作定语不定式作定语时,须放在它所修饰的名词或代词后.如：I have two letters to write.I have a lot of work to do.（）作宾补通常用于 want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force等词后.如：He ordered her to leave at once. He was forced to obey his order.（）作状语可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_He got

44、 up early to catch the first bus.He worked hard to catch up with the other students.（）作独立成分To tell you the truth, I told a lie.（） 疑问词不定式 结构.如： I dont know how to choose them.I cannot decide where to go.（ 9）不定式的否定式.如： I decided not to go.（ 10 ）不定式的完成式.如：He seemed to have cleaned the room before I came in. The boy is said to have been sent to the hospital last week.（ 11 ）too to 结构.如：He was too excited to go to sleep.He was only too glad to go. 他太兴奋了,愿意去 （ 12 ）主动表被