2022年初二下册英语复习资料.docx

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1、初二下册英语复习资料读书之法,在循序而渐进,熟读而精思Unit4HesaidIwashard-working【单元目标】1单词与短语evermadanymoresnackmessagesupposehard-workingnervoussemesterworsttruedisappointingluckycopyhersdecisionstartinfluencepeaceborderdangerfirstofallpassonbesupposedtodobetterinbeingoodhealthreportcardgetoveropenupcareforhaveapartyforsb.be

2、madatsb2目标句型：转述他人话语Whatdidsb.say?HesaidIShesaidsheTheysaid3语法直接引语和间接引语【词汇学习】1madadj极为愤怒的；十分恼火的She_meforlosingmykeys她为我丢了钥匙而生我的气.2anymoreadv再；还（用于否定句）Hedoesntcomehere_他再也不到这儿来了.3howeveradv无论如何Hecananswerthequestion_harditis不管问题有多难他都能回答.4supposev假定；认为；料想；期望Whatdoyou_youwilldoafterschool?你放学后想干什么?5nerv

3、ousadj紧张的；神经质的Ifeltvery_whenIwentintohisoffice当我走进他的办公室时,我感到很紧张.读书之法,在循序而渐进,熟读而精思6semestern一学期；半年Wewillhavetensubjectsinthis_这个学期我们将学十门功课.7disappointingadj令人失望的Maybethisnewsis_也许这是一个令人失望的消息.8besupposedto认为必须；认为应该Youaresupposedtobesuccessful你应该成功.9getmad变疯；变得着迷She_goingtodance她对跳舞着了迷.10getover恢复,克服困难

4、Canwe_thisdifficulty?我们能克服这个困难吗?【重点句型分析】1Whataresomesoapoperasyouknow?你所知道的有哪些肥皂剧？youknow是定语从句,修饰前日面的名词soapoperas2Whataresomethingsthathappenonsoapoperas?肥皂剧里发生了些什么事？Thathappenonsoapoperas是定语从句,修饰前日面的名字something.3LanasaidshewasntmadatMarciaanymore.拉娜说她不再生玛西娅的气了.bemadat(with)sb.对某人恼火bemadat(about)sth

5、.(doingsth.)对某事恼火eg.Mothergotmadat(with)meforwatchingTVforhours.（此处的gotmadat=wasmadat）notanymore不再eg.Shedidntcry_.她不再哭了.4bringsomebookstoherhouse.给她带来一些书bringsth.to从（远处）带来,拿来（到近处）而其反义词为：taketo“从（近处）拿（走）到（远处）eg.Couldyou_somewater_me?你能拿水给我么？Please_thechair_Jimsroom.请把这张椅子拿去吉姆的房间.读书之法,在循序而渐进,熟读而精思5pas

6、sthismessagetosb.将这个消息(信息)传给某人passsth.tosb把某物传递给某人eg.Shesaidshewould_thedictionary_Tom.她说她会把字典给汤姆.6YouwanttoknowwhyCdidntreturnitandwhereitis.你想知道为什么C未将它还回来并想知道它在哪里.此句中whyCdidntreturnitandwhereitis是宾语从句作know的宾语,请注意宾语从句的语序.（陈述语序）7Youweresupposedtomeetatthebusstopthismorningtoreturnit.你应该今早上在车站去见面并把它还

7、给人家.besupposedtodo被期望,应该(做)eg.He_thereontime.按理他应该准时到哪里.【课文解析】1InEnglish,Imbetteratreadingthanlistening.在英语方面,我的阅读比听力更好.bebetteratdoing(thandoing)是begoodat的比较级,意思为“更擅长”eg.Arethey_football_basketball?他们踢足球比打篮球要好么？2Icandobetterinmath.在数学方面我能做得更好.better是well的比较级dowellin在方面做得好eg.Doesshe_physics?她物理很好么？3

8、Ifinishedmyendofyearexamslastweek.我上周结束了期末考试.finishsth.(doingsth.)结束某事eg.Didhe_hishomeworkbeforehewenttobed?他睡觉之前,做完作业了么？4Ihadareally_withsciencethissemester.这学期我的科学学科学得的确不好.5Itsnotrighttocopyothershomework.抄袭别人的作业是不对的.请记住这一句型：Itsrightforsbtodo某人做某事是对的读书之法,在循序而渐进,熟读而精思6IsaidIdidntthinkitwasagoodidea

9、forhertocopymyhomework.我说我认为对她来说抄我的作业不是个好办法.注意1：此句中的三个动词都是过去时,即时态的一致性注意2：中英文语序（否定词的位置）的不同7Shesaiditwasmuchbetterifshedidherownwork.她说如果她自己做作业就会好多了.much+比较级,意思是“得多”e.g.Heruns_thanI.他跑得比我快得多.8TeachinghighschoolstudentsinapoormountainvillageinGansuProvince_not_funtoyou.在甘肃省一个贫困的山村里教中学学生在你听起来可能不算什么有趣的事.

10、此句中may+动词原形,表示“可能”soundlike+名词,意思为“听起来像”9Everyyearthey_100volunteers_teachinChinasruralareas.每年他们都往中国的乡村地区派100名志愿者去教书.sendto派,送到10Hervillagewas2022meters_sealevel.她的村庄位于海拔2千米.11thethinair_her_sick稀薄的空气使她病了makesb.do使某人干某事（此处只能用动词原形,不能+to）12They_heavingvolunteerteachersthere.他们喜爱让志愿者老师教他们.lovedoing(to

11、do)13_oftenisntmoneyforeducation.经常没有钱来受教育.14Ican_mystudentseyestotheoutsideworld.我能开阔学生们的视野,把他们带到外部世界.15_themagoodstartinlife给他们一个生活的新起点givesb.sth.给某人某物16Shesaidshelikesbeingagood_inthechildrenslives.她说她愿意给孩子们的生活中起一个好的影响.读书之法,在循序而渐进,熟读而精思17YangLei_hertimeasavolunteerverymuch.杨蕾很愿意做一个志愿者.18_“MotherE

12、arth”关心“地球母亲”19careforwildanimals_关心处于危险中的野生动物20Icantdo_aboutthat.我对于那件事无能为力.【词语辨析】1hardworking与workhard前者是形容词,可作表语、定语；如：ahard-workingstudent;Heis_.他很勤奋后者是一个动词短语,“努力工作”hard是副词,修饰动作work.eg.Alice_.爱丽丝工作很勤奋2forgettodo与forgetdoing前者是“忘记做”(todo表示将来的动作)e.g.Dont_callme.别忘了打电话给我.She_mailtheletter.她忘了寄信.后者是“

13、忘记曾做”(通常与will,shall,never连用)eg.Illnever_themusicalcomedyinNewYork.我永远忘不了在纽约看过的那出歌舞喜剧.【重难点分析】直接引语和间接引语（一）直接引述别人的原话,叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话,叫做间接引语.间接引语一般构成宾语从句.直接引语必须放在引号内,间接引语则不用引号.直接引语改为间接引语时,除将引语部分变成宾语从句外,还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变.1时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时,通常受转述动词said,asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态,即把原来的时态向过去推,也就

14、是一般现在时变为一般过去时,现在进行时变为过去进行时等.例如：Tomsaidtome,“Mybrotherisdoinghishomework.”Tomsaidtomethathisbrother_doinghishomework.2人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化；根据意义进行相应的变化.例如：SheaskedJack,“Wherehaveyoubeen?”SheaskedJackwherehe_.Hesaid,“Thesebooksaremine.”Hesaidthatthosebooks_.读书之法,在循序而渐进,熟读而精思（二）直接引语改为间接引语时,都使用陈述语序,但

15、是因为原句的句式不同,所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同.1陈述句的间接引语陈述句由直接引语变间接引语,通常由that引导,可以省略.“Iwanttheblueone.”hetoldus.“我想要蓝色的.”他说.Hetoldus_he_theblueone.他说他想要蓝色的.Shesaidtome,“Youcantsettleanythingnow.”她对我说：“此刻你无法解决任何事情.”ShetoldmethatI_settleanythingthen.她对我说那时候我无法解决任何事.2疑问句的间接引语直接引语如果是疑问句,变成间接引语后,叫做间接疑问句.间接疑问句为陈述语序,句末用句号

16、,动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同.引述动词常用ask,wonder,wanttoknow,inquire.间接疑问句一般有三种：（1）一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时,由whether或if引导.如：“HasheeverworkedinShanghai?”Jimasked.“他在上海工作过吗？”吉姆问.Jimasked_he_everworkedinShanghai.吉姆问他是否在上海工作过.“Canyoutellmethewaytothehospital?”Theoldmanasked.那个老人问：“你能告诉我去医院的路吗？Theoldmanasked_I_tellhimthewayto

17、thehospital.那个老人问我是否能告诉他去医院的路.（2）.特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时,仍由原来的疑问词引导.如：“Whichroomdoyoulivein?”Heasked.“你住哪个房间？”他问我.Heaskedme_room_livedin.他问我住哪个房间.“Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?”Sheasked.她问“你怎么看这部电影？”Sheaskedherfriend_she_ofthefilm.她问她的朋友怎么看这部电影.（3）.选择疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时,由whether/ifor引导.如：“IsityourbikeorToms?Mumas

18、ked.妈妈问：“这是你的自行车还是汤姆的？”Mumasked_it_mybike_Toms.妈妈问这是我的自行车还是汤姆的.“Doesyoursisterlikebluedressesorgreenones?”Kateasked.“你妹妹喜欢蓝色的裙子还是绿色的？”凯特问.Kateasked_mysisterlikedbluedresses_greenones.凯特问我的妹妹喜欢蓝色的裙子还是绿色的.3祈使句的间接引语当祈使句变为间接引语时,间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell,ask,order,beg,request,order等,而把直接祈使句变成带to的不定式短语.如：读书之法,在循序而

19、渐进,熟读而精思Jacksaid,“Pleasecometomyhousetomorrow,Mary.”杰克说：“玛丽,明天请到我家来.”Jack_Mary_gotohishousethenextday.杰克请玛丽第二天到他家去.Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Stoptalking.”老师对学生们说：“不要讲话了.”Theteacher_thestudents_stoptalking.老师让学生们不要说话了.“Donttouchanything.”Hesaid.“不要碰任何东西.”他说.He_usnot_touchanything.他对我们说不要碰任何东西.4动词时

20、态和代词等的变动（1）.某些代词,限定词,表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则如下：直接引语间接引语todaythatdaynowthen,atthatmomentyesterdaythedaybeforethedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbeforetomorrowthenextday/thefollowingdaythedayaftertomorrowtwodaysafter,/intwodaysnextweek/monthetcthenextweek/monthetclastweek/monthetctheweek/monthetc.beforehe

21、retherethisthatthesethosecomegobringtake（2）.如果引述动词为现在时形式,则间接引语中的动词时态,代词,限定词和表示时间或地点的副词不用变化.而如果引述动词是过去时,以上内容就要有相应变化.变化情况如下：现在时间推移到过去的时间,即一般现在时变为一般过去时；“Ifeelbettertoday.”Hesaid.“我今天感觉好多了.”他说.Hesaidthathe_betterthatday.他说他那天感觉好多了.现在进行时变为过去进行时；“XiaoMingisdoingsomewashing”Mumsaid.“小明正在洗衣服.”妈妈说.Mumsaidtha

22、tXiaoMing_gsomewashing.妈妈说小明正在洗衣服.练习I.Putthefollowingintoreportedspeech.1“Inmostcountriesredstandsfordanger.”SaidMr.Jackson.2“Youmustleaveamessageforyourmother.”SaidTom.读书之法,在循序而渐进,熟读而精思3“Areyoubeingattendedto,sir?”Heasked.4“ShallIcarryyourbagforyou?”Maryasked.5“Doyouknowhername?”MyfriendJackaskedme

23、.6“Whereisthenearesthospital?”Johnasked.7“Dontlookoutofthewindowwhenyouhaveclasses.”Ourteachertoldus.8“Makegooduseofyourtime.”Mr.Liadvised.9HeaskedLiYing“WereyouwatchingTVatthistimeyesterday?”10Heaskedme,“Whendidyouseethefilm?”II.Pleasechangethefollowingsentencesfromindirectspeechintodirectspeech.11

24、BettyaskedmeifIhadbeenathomethedaybefore.Bettyaskedme,“_athome_?”12Shesaidthatshehadbeenbackforaweek.Shesaid,“_foraweek.”13Mr.SmithsaidthatJohnhadtoldhimallaboutitthreeweeksbefore.Mr.Smithsaid,“John_allaboutitthreeweeks_.”14Theteacheraskedhisstudentwhyshehadmadesomanymistakesinthetestthattime.Thetea

25、cheraskedhisstudent,“Why_somanymistakesinthetest_time?”15Theteacheraskeduswhetherwewereready.Theteacheraskedus,“_?”16Theteachertoldhernottobelateanymore.Theteacher_her,“_lateanymore;”读书之法,在循序而渐进,熟读而精思17Mydoctortoldmenottoreadinbed.Mydoctor_me,“_inbed.”18LiuYingtoldmethatshewouldhelpmewithmyEnglish.L

26、iuYingsaidtome,“_help_with_English.”19Doyouknowwhatfactoryhisfatherworksin?Whatfactory_hisfather_in?Doyouknow?20Themonitortoldusthatweweregoingtohaveameetingthenextday.Themonitorsaid,“We_tohaveameeting_.”III.ReadingManhasalwayswantedtofly.Someofthegreatestmeninhistoryhavethoughtabouttheproblem.Oneof

27、these,forexample,wasthegreatItalianartist,LeonardodaVinci.Inthesixteenthcenturyhemadedesignsformachinesthatwouldfly.Amongthesedesignstherewasactuallyoneforahelicopter.Therewasalsoanotheroneforaparachute(降落伞).Butthesethingswerealldesigns.Theywereneverbuilt.Throughouthistory,otherlessfamousmenhavewant

28、edtofly.AtypicalexamplewasamaninEngland800yearsago.Hemadeapairofwingsfromchickenfeathers.Thenhefixedthemtohisshouldersandjumpedintotheairfromatallbuilding.Hedidnotflyveryfar.Instead,hefelltothegroundandbrokeeveryboneinhisbody,ThefirstrealstepstookplaceinFrance,in1783Twobrothers,theMontgolfiers,madea

29、verylargehotairballoon.Theyknewthathotairrises.Whynotfillaballoonwithit?Theballoonwasmadeofclothandpaper.InSeptemberofthatyear,theKingandQueenofFrancecametoseetheballoon.Theywatcheditcarrytheveryfirstairpassengersintothesky.Thepassengerswereasheep,achickenandaduck.Wedonotknowhowtheyfeltaboutthetrip.

30、Butwedoknowthatthetriplastedeightminutesandthattheanimalslandedsafely.Twomonthslater,twomendidthesamething.On21November,PilatredeRozierandtheMarquisaArlanderoseaboveParisinasimilarballoon.Theirtriplastedtwenty-fiveminutesandtheytraveledabouteightkilometers.21Inthesixteenthcentury,_wasbuilttohelpflyi

31、nthesky.A.ahelicopterB.parachuteC.designsformachinesD.nothing22Themanwithapairofwingsfromchickenfeathers_.A.flewveryfarB.flewashortdistanceC.realizedhisdreamD.felltothegroundanddied23The“hotairballoon”couldflybecause_.A.hotairrisesB.itismadeofclothandpaperC.theresaballoonwithitD.itsverylarge读书之法,在循序

32、而渐进,熟读而精思24On21November,PilatredeRozierandtheMarquisaArlanderoseaboveParis_.A.inthesameballoonasasheep,achickenandaduckwereonceinB.inacompletelydifferentballoonC.inanother“hotairballoon”D.inahelicopter25Thebesttitleforthispassageis“_”.A.TwoBrothers,TheMontgolgiersB.HotAirBalloonsAndWingsMadeFromChickenFeathersC.DesignsForMachinesThatWouldFlyD.TripInHotAirBalloon