国家开放大学电大《高级英语阅读(1)》《商法》网络课形考网考作业(合集)答案.docx

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1、国家开放大学电大高级英语阅读(1)商法网络课形考网考作业(合集)答案国家开放高校电大高级英语阅读(1)商法网络课形考网考作业(合集)答案 高级英语阅读(1)网络课答案 形考任务一（70分） Chapter 1 Exercise（分值7分） 题目1 I. Vocabulary skills（3 points） Look at the columns below. Match each vocabulary word on the right with the correct definition on the left. (0.5 points each) 1.the bus or subway

2、 2.proof of completion of courses of students 3.money for students from scholarships, grants, or loans 4.formal talks by professors or instructors on subjects of study 5.courses by video, video conferencing, or computers to students in different places 6.the points or grade a student gets on a test

3、答案： II. Reading Comprehension (4 points) Read the passages, then answer the questions that follow. (1 point each ) Experiencing Culture Shock A When Eliza James arrived at the University of Xian, she was excited to live in a new country, to improve her Chinese, and to experience a culture so differe

4、nt from her own. But soon her excitement turned to frustration as she encountered one roadblock after another. “I felt like I couldnt accomplish anything. My dorm room had no heat, I couldnt get into the classes I wanted, and every time I asked someone for help they gave me the runaround. I felt lik

5、e no one was listening to me.“ Eliza met with administrators, sent letters of complaint, and even contacted the consulate in Beijing, but she got nowhere. What Eliza didnt realize was that her American approach to solving problems was very different from the Chinese one in which patience and negotia

6、tion skills are key. She soon learned how to solve problems within the cultural norms of Chinese society instead of forcing her own values onto those around her. “I finally feel like I fit in and that I know what Im doing. In fact, its really fun being in a place thats so incredibly different from w

7、hat I am accustomed to.“ B Yoshi Yamamoto is a junior at a small college outside of Boston. Although he is an honors student now, Yoshi didnt always have such an easy time studying in America. “Teaching methods are very different here than they are in Japan. It took me a long time to get used to lea

8、rning in seminars and discussing ideas with my classmates. At first it seemed like I wasnt actually learning anything.“ Yoshis reaction was to totally withdraw: he didnt participate in class discussion; he spent lots of time alone in his room, and he even skipped class on occasion. “I thought I coul

9、d teach myself. Now I recognize the value of the U.S. academic system, and I am able to adapt it to my own learning style.“ C Both Eliza and Yoshi experienced what is called culture shock: psychological disorientation due to living in a new culture. For many international students, studying abroad c

10、an offer exposure to new cultures and an opportunity to study new fields and languages. However, it also offers the greater challenge of trying to function in a foreign culture. Studying and reading about a certain culture is poor preparation for the reality of living in it. According to psychologic

11、al studies, the four stages of culture shock are 1. euphoria, 2. hostility, 3. gradual adjustment, and 4. adaptation. Culture shock can be manifested in many ways: homesickness, boredom, stereotyping of or hostility towards the host culture, overeating or overdrinking, withdrawal, and inability to w

12、ork effectively. D Different people experience different levels of culture shock and react in different ways. For example, Eliza got angry while Yoshi withdrew from society. The most important thing to remember is that culture shock is normal; it is not something to be ashamed of. Luckily, there are

13、 some things international students can do to make their adjustment to a new country go more smoothly. For instance, they can stay in touch with family and friends from home, join international student organizations, meet people from their own countries, and get involved in campus activities. Most i

14、mportantly, they can adjust to life abroad by keeping a sense of humor and trying to remain positive. Recognizing Paragraph Topics（choose the paragraph letter） 题目2 7. an explanation of culture shock 选择一项： A. A B. B C. C D. D 题目3 8. ways that students can adjust to living in a new country 选择一项： A. A

15、B. B C. C D. D 题目4 9. the experience of an international student in the United States 选择一项： A. A B. B C. C D. D 题目5 10. the experience of an international student in China 选择一项： A. A B. B C. C D. D Chapter 2 Exercise（分值7分） 题目1 I. Vocabulary Skills（2 points） Sometimes examples can explain the meaning

16、 of a word or phrase. For example, sun, rain, and wind are examples of kinds of weather. Look at the columns below. Match each vocabulary word or phrase in the first column with the examples in the second column. (0.4 points each) 1.kinds of extreme weather 2.Earths natural materials and gases 3. di

17、seases or health disorders 4. seasons of the year 5. natural areas or regions of the earth 答案： II. Reading Comprehension (5 points) Complete the following statements by choosing the best from the answers A, B or C. (1 point each) Seasonal Affective Disorder: More than Just the Blues A Joshua dreads

18、the winter months, not only because of the cold New England weather-the sleet, snow, wind, and rain-but because as the seasons change from summer to fall to winter, the days get shorter. As the days get shorter, he starts feeling depressed and irritable and spends more and more time at home, eating

19、and sleeping. A graduate student in philosophy, Joshua finds that he gets little work done during the winter months and has trouble paying attention in class and concentrating on his research. “I soon realized that what I thought was just the winter blues was something more extreme than that.“ Josh

20、visited a doctor who diagnosed him with SAD. B Seasonal Affective Disorder, or SAD, is a kind of depression that occurs seasonally. It is associated with the long hours of darkness and lack of sunlight during the winter months (people with SAD usually feel worse from December through February). Scie

21、ntists dont completely understand the exact causes of SAD, but they believe it is related to a biochemical imbalance in the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is the basic part of the brain that controls the bodys breathing, heartbeat, metabolism, and hormone release. The effects of SAD include moodines

22、s, irritability, low energy, increased appetite for carbohydrates (foods such as potatoes, rice, and bread), difficulty concentrating, and the tendency to oversleep. C Although doctors described SAD for the first time in 1984, humans have probably dealt with the disorder for thousands of years. It i

23、s not a coincidence that many cultures have important celebrations during the short days of the winter months. Christmas, Hanukkah, and Winter Solstice celebrations all occur in December. These celebrations involve lighting candles in order to bring light, warmth, and happiness to an otherwise depre

24、ssing time of year. D So what can SAD sufferers do to feel better? Naturally, they need more light. For people who have mild cases of SAD, exercising in the morning sun could be enough to help them. Phototherapy, or light therapy, is usually prescribed for people who have more serious cases of the d

25、isorder. In light therapy, patients sit in front of a light box, a strong artificial light, for up to four hours a day. Phototherapy is effective in over 80% of SAD cases, and patients usually see results within three to four days. Although the symptoms of SAD are similar to those of clinical depres

26、sion, traditional antidepressants have not proven useful in treating SAD. While psychological counseling cannot treat the symptoms of SAD, it is recommended to help SAD sufferers learn to accept and deal with their illness. 题目2 6. Joshua starts feeling depressed and irritable in the winter because 选

27、择一项： A. he gets little work done B. he suffers from Seasonal Affective Disorder C. he is a graduate student in philosophy 题目3 7. Seasonal Affective Disorder, or SAD, is a condition that researchers believe affects people during the winter months. Scientists believe it is caused by 选择一项： A. breathing

28、, heartbeat, metabolism, and hormone release B. moodiness, irritability, loss of energy, increased appetite, difficulty concentrating, and sleepiness C. lack of sunlight and a biochemical imbalance in the brain 题目4 8. Humans have probably struggled with SAD since 选择一项： A. ancient times B. December C

29、. 1984 题目5 9. People who suffer from SAD can to feel better. 选择一项： A. do light therapy B. take antidepressant drugs C. eat carbohydrates 题目6 10. This passage talks about_. 选择一项： A. what the SAD effects are B. Both A and B. C. how to help SAD suffers Chapter 3 Exercise（分值7分） I. Reading Comprehension

30、(5 points) Read the passages, then answer the questions that follow. (1 point each ) Fast food can be good food Many people are too busy to prepare and eat three nutritious meals a day.so they turn to the convenience of fast-food restaurants. Many of the items at fast-food restaurants, snack bars, a

31、nd food stands are fattening and not very nutritious.But fast food doesnt have to be unhealthy.you can eat at fast-food restaurants and still eat well. Pay Attention to Calories and Fat Content By paying attention to the number of calories and fat that a food item has ,you can make smarter choices.C

32、alories are “units for measuring how much energy a food will produce”.condsider two fast-food meals. A quarter-pound hamburger with cheese, jumbo-size fries,and a 16-ounce soda have a total of 1,535 calories and 76 grams of fat .a broiled (cooked under direct heat or over a flame )chicken sandwich ,

33、a side salad with low-fat dressing,and a glass of water at the same fast-food restaurant have only 422 calories and 7 grams of fat .but maybe you really want a hamburger and fries .well,you can have a small hamburger,a small serving of fries,and a glass of water.At a total of 490 calories and 20 gra

34、ms of fat,thats still a much smarter choice than the large burger ,fries,and 20 grams of fat ,thats still a much smarter choice than the large burger,fries,and sada. Theres More That You Can Do There are a few additional things you can do to make sure you eat well in fast food restaurantS.First of a

35、ll,say “no” when the cashier asks you if you want to “supersize” you meal (order an extra large portion of each item).Second, ask for no mayonnaise or sauce,or ask for it on the side (in a separate dish).Third,substitute(use something instead of something else)healthy foods for fatty ones. For examp

36、le,instead of ordering deep-fried tempura,order fresh vegetables.Instead of ordering a beef burrito with lots of cheese and sour cream,order a vegetable burrito with beans and rice.and dont eat the chips!Another thing you can do is order a side salad or a vegetable soup and eat it first.That way,you

37、 will eat some vegetables,and you wont be able to eat as much of your burger and fries.Fnally,eat slowly and stop eating when youre full. It sounds simple,but many people keep eating even after they become full. 题目1 1.What is the main idea of this article ?_ 选择一项： A. Its smart to eat foods with low

38、calories and fat content. B. Fast food is always bad for you . C. You can eat well in fast-food restaurant D. Fast-food restaurants are the best the place to find healthy foods . 题目2 2.A small hamburger and small firies has _ 选择一项： A. more calories and fat than a chicken sandwich and a salad. B. the

39、 same amount of calories and fat as a chicken sandwich and a salad. C. fewer calories and fat than a chicken sandwich and a salad. D. the same amount of calories and fat as a large portion of fries. 题目3 3.Some things you can do to eat well in fast-food restaurants are_ 选择一项： A. ask for eatra manyonn

40、aise and sauce and say no to “surpersizing” . B. order a vegetable burrito instead of chips and eat sour cream . C. order smaller portions and eat all the food you order. D. order healthy foods instead of fatty ones and drink water. 题目4 4.Manyonnaise and sauces probably_ 选择一项： A. make you eat less b

41、ecause they make you feel full sooner. B. make you eat more because they make your food taste better. C. have a lot of fat and calories. D. dont have a lot of fat and calories. 题目5 5. By eating a salad or soup before the rest of your meal,_ 选择一项： A. you eat less of the rest of your meal. B. you eat

42、more slowly. C. you get full sooner. D. you eat the rest of your meal more quickly. II. Vocabulary skills（2 points） Read the paragraph below and fill in each blank with a word from the box. (0.4 points each) 题目6 changes damaging losing global available The growing similarities in diet and eating hab

43、its around the world are influencing people of various cultures in different ways. For example, Western foods are 6 damaging health in the industrialized island country of Japan. Instead of small meals of seafood, rice, and vegetables, the typical Japanese diet now includes large amounts of meat, da

44、iry products, and desserts like tiramisu, a rich Italian dish full of chocolate, cheese, and sugar. According to Japanese health researchers, such 7 changes in eating habits are related to a great increase in health problems such as heart disease, strokes, cancer, and diabetes. On the other hand, th

45、e changing 8 global diet is having the opposite effect on the people in the CzechRepublic. The government of this European nation no longer supports meat and dairy products financially, so the cost of these foods is going up. In contrast, fresh fruits and vegetables are becoming more widely 9 availa

46、ble from private markets and stands. Cooks are even serving salads to schoolchildren, and families are eating healthier home-cooked meals. For these reasons, fewer Czech men are having heart attacks, the women are 10 losing a lot of weight, and most people are living healthier lives. Chapter 4 Exerc

47、ise（分值7分 I. Vocabulary Skills（2 points） 题目1 Match each vocabulary word on the left with the correct definition on the right. (0.4 points each) 1.make sense 2.pedestrians 3.vehicle 4.teenager 5.fine 答案： II. Reading Comprehension (5 points) Complete the following statements by choosing the best from t

48、he answers A, B, C, or D. (1 point each) These days, its getting easier and easier to find your way around. Some people have GPS devices in their cars to make sure they dont get lost. GPS stands for Global Positioning System. These devices use satellites in space to “see” where you are and give you

49、directions to where you want to go. And if you dont have a GPS device, you can simply go online to get step-by-step directions. Websites like MapQ and can produce a map and directions in just a few seconds. But how do they do it? MapQuest uses data (information) from a few different sources to produce directions and maps. Before MapQuest went online, it sold regular paper maps in places like gas stations. The website uses the