现在完成时用法详解.docx

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1、现在完成时用法详解1 .现在完成时的定义现在完成时既可表示过去发生的动作对现在所造成的结果或影响(此时通常连 用的时间状语有already, yet, just, ever, before),也可表示动作从过去某时 间开始,一直持续到现在,并且还有可能持续下去(此时通常连用的时间状语有this month / week / year, these days, recently / lately, in the past few + 时 间段，since +时间点，for +时间段)。如：I have just finished my work.我把工作做完。Haveyou ever been

2、to Beijing?你曾经去过北京吗？ Ihave lived for ten years. 我在这儿住了十年了。We have studied here since 2003.我们自2003年来就在这儿读书了。2 .现在完成时的结构现在完成时由“have / has +过去分词”构成。3 .现在完成时的应用(1)非持续性动词 go, come, leave, borrow, buy, die, join 的完成时的 肯定式不能与时间段连用,假设要接用时间段状语,那么应换成相应的持续动词或状态动词。 如：He has left. 他走了。 (from hxen. com)He has bee

3、n away for an hour. 他走了一个小时了。My grandpa for.4 ) The meeting finished at six.The meeting for six hours.5 ) I got to sleep two hours ago.I sine e.6 ) They married in 1990.The y s inc e.(6)start/begin to do sth. f do sth. begin f be onI began to teach at this school in 1995.I at this school since.1) Th

4、e film began two minutes ago.The film for.borrow f keep lose f not have buy f have put on f wear catch/get a cold have a cold get to know -knowThey borrowed it last week.They it sinee.1) I bought a pen two hours ago.I a pen forI got to know him last year.I him sineeI put on my glasses three years ag

5、o.I my glasses forhave/has gone to f have been in1) He has gone to Beijing.He Beijing for two days.join the league/the Party/the army be a league/a Party member/a soldier be a member of the league/the Party be in the league/the Party/the army) He joined the league in 2002.He a for two years.H e a th

6、 e f ortwo years.lie the league for two years.1 ） My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother a for My brother in fortwo years.2 .汉译英1）这本字典我已买了三年了。2）他离开中国三年了。3）我认识他们已经10年了4）他们已去了美国五年了。5）自从他搬到福州，他就住这儿了。6）他们已经结婚10年。7）我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年了。8）这会已开了多长时间了？9）这门已经关了两天了。10）我入团2年了。I two years ago.I a for tw

7、o years.I a o f f ortwo years.I the for two years.11)自从1999年以来他们就认识。12)我来到农场已5年了。3 .划线提问I have been there for two days.you 92) My father has lived here since 2000.your father 9 *He left here yesterday.he?3) They bought a book two hours ago.they a book?3. have been in, have been to 与 have gone to 的用法

8、一、have (has) been in表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状 语连用，如:since, for, how long等。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。此外还有这些搭配:have been here (there) /at home (school) /on thefarmhave been here (there) / abroad二、have (has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与 just, ever, never 等连用，例如：I hav

9、e just been to the post office.我冈U 才去邮局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall.玛丽从未去过长城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou?你曾经 去过杭 州 吗？have (has) been to后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过4匕京三次。They have been to that village several times.他们去过那个村庄好几 次了。三、have (has) gone to意为“到某地去了

10、 ，表示到了某地或正在去某地的 途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。例如：Where is Tom?He has gone to the bookshop.汤姆在哪里?他到书店去了。Jack Johnson has gone to London.杰克约翰逊到伦敦去了。练习：I.用 have (has) been 或 have (has) gone 填空。A: Where Li Fei?B: He to Hainan Island.A: How long he there?B: He there for three days.A: When will he c

11、ome back , do you know?B: Pm afraid he won t come back recently. A:Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?继续阅读Can I borrow that book?我可以借那本书吗？How long can I keep the book?这本书我可借多久？注意:非持续性动词的否认完成时可与时间段状语连用。如：He has not borrowed the book since then.从此以后，他再也没有借这本 书了。(2) have / has been to表示曾经去过某地，但

12、现在不在那儿;have / has gone to表示现在已去某地，现在不在这儿。如：He has been to Canada, but now he is working in our company. 他去过 加拿大,现在在我们公司工作。Mr. Li is not at home. He has gone to Shanghai.李先生不在家，他去上 海了。(3)完成时的肯定式常用already,而否认式和疑问句常用yet,但假设already 用于疑问句时，表示一种出乎意外的惊讶。如：Have you read it already? 你就看完了？4.现在完成时与其他时态的区别(1)现

13、在完成时与一般过去时的区别:现在完成时强调动作的结果或对现在的 影响,属于现在时的范畴;一般过去时强调动作所发生的时间，属于过去时的范畴。 因此,过去时需跟过去时间连用或有表过去时间的上下文连用，而现在完成时不能与 过去时间连用。如：I read the book two weeks ago.我两周前读了这本书。I have read the book for two weeks.这本书我读过两周了。(from hxen. com)(2)现在完成时与现在进行时:现在完成时强调动作持续到现在或刚结束;而 现在进行时只强调目前的状态。如：They have talked for about two

14、 hours.他们谈了大约两个小时。(强调动 作的持续)They are talking.他们在谈话。(强调目前的状态)现在完成时的构成:主语+助动词have (has) +过去分词时间状语：already, never, ever, just, yet, since + 过去时间点,since + 从 句，for +段时间意义:L表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例如：I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。(“洗 衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”)2.过 去发生的事情一直持续到现在而且继续延续下去I have

15、 lived here for three years .I have lived here since three years ago.我已经住在这儿三年了而且有可能继续住下去。现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比拟现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动 作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。试比拟：The plane has arrived .飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）The plane arrived a quarter ago.飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发 生的时间在过去）I have taught here for fi

16、fteen years.我在这儿已经教了十五年。（表示 十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）I taught here for a year.我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示“我“现在已经 不在这儿任教了）从构成上分析现在完成时与现在进行时基本上相同：现在进行时：He is playing basketball now.主语+助动词（be） +现在分词+其它现在完成时：I have seen this film .主语+助动词（havehas）+过去分词+其它句子本身具有助动词的，所有的变化围绕助动词变化而且动词的形式不变。现在进行时：He is playing basketball n

17、ow.一般疑问句：Is he is playing basketball now.?否认句：He isn tplaying basketball now.所以现在完成时一般疑问句和否认句变化一目了然：一般疑问句：Have you seen this film?否认句：I havent seen this fi Im .句子本身不具有助动词的，所有的变化就要借助动词完成而且动词的形式要还 原。如：一般现在时第三人称单数：He often goes to school on foot.一般疑问句：Does he often go to school on foot.?否认句：He doesn t

18、often go to school on foot.过去时：He bought a car last year.一般疑问句：Did he buy a car last year?否认句：He didn t buy a car last year.现在完成进行时:过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去。这种情况更确 切的表达就是现在完成进行时。如：他滑冰已经三个小时了。He has been skating for three hours.结构:主语+助动词（have、has） +been+现在分词+其它从结构上讲它是现在进行时与现在完成时的一个综合体。因为句子本身具有 助动词的,所有的变化围

19、绕助动词变化而且动词的形式不变。所以现在完成进行时的一般疑问句和否认句变化一目了然：一般疑问句：Has he been skating for three hours?否认句：He hasn tbeen skating for three hours . 练习：用过去时或现在完成时填空:1. “you(have) lunch ?” uYes. ”“When you(have) it?” “I(have)it at 12:00. ”“you(write) a letter to your aunt yet?”“Yes, I, I(write) one last week. ”“he(finish

20、) his homework?” “Not yet. ”2. they ever(be) abroad?” “Yes, just once. ”Your father just(finish) his work.3. Your father(finish) his work just now.4. Last term I(learn) many English words.5. They(not read) the interesting books yet.6. He never(go) to the science museum.7. you ever(drink) coke?，8. “y

21、ou(buy) a dictionary? ” Yes, IuWhere you(buy) it? “ I (buy) it in a bookstore. ”“When you(buy) it?” “ Yesterday. ”注意：1.Since和for的用法表示过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态常用的时间状语有:for, since, how long, so far, these days 等。Since+过去点的时间，for+一段时间(数词+量词)，此划线局部用how long提 问。一、since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今,since之后的时间为一点。 如：Mr. Smith

22、has worked here since 1984. 1984 年以来，史密斯先生一直在 这工作。He s learned abo ut 5,000 English words since he went to college. 他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。二、for短语表示动作延续多长时间，for的宾语为时间段。如：We have known each other for twenty years. 我。认识有二十年了。I haven, t seen her for a long time.我好久没有见到她了。2.短暂性转换延续性:现在完成时肯定句中假设与段时间连用动词必须用延续性

23、动词。注意以下非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.一 be in sw. /at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be thereHe got to Beijing five minutes ago.He Beijing forI moved to the USA last year.I the USA sinceI went home yesterday.I home forThey came here last week.They here e/go b

24、ack, return be back come/go out be outHe came out two years ago.He f orWe return to Fuzhou yesterday.We to Fuzhou sincebecome be1) I became a teacher in 2000.I a teacher forThe river became dirty last year.The river dirty forclose f be closed open f be open1) The shop closed two hours ago.The shop f

25、orThe door opened at six in the morning.The door for six hours.get up f be up die f be dead leave sw. f be away from sw.fall asleep/g et tot sleep f be asleep finish/end f be over marry - be marriedI got up two hours ago.I sine eHe left Fuzhou just now.He Fuzhou for five minutes.1) My grandpa died in 2002.