2022年高考英语谓语动词附带习题练习 .docx
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1、精品_精品资料_句型一:主语系动词表语我们先来分析该句型谓语动词的特点,然后举例说明这种结构的句子如何演化为复杂的难句.因此,本节内容支配如下:1.2.1 谓语动词的特点1.2.2 简洁句叠加成复杂难句1.2.1 谓语动词的特点该句型的谓语动词是 系动词 linking verb如 be 或其他系动词.系动词,又叫连系动词,顾名思义,这种动词并没有详细的动作,而只是起连接主语和后面成分的作用.这种动词后面所接的成分是用来说明主语的特点,说明主语的性质特点的, 因此被称之为主语补足语或表语能表示主语特点的成分,这就是读者熟识的“主系表”句型.在绽开详细争论之前,请读者先来看下面这个小故事,这个故
2、事或许对各位读者学习英语会有所启示:1 Losers look for quick fixes.There are two ways of getting rid of weeds in your yard: the easy way and the not-so-easy way. The easy way may be to run a lawnmower and the yard looks fine for a while, but that is a temporary answer. Soon the weeds are back. But the not- so-easy way
3、 may mean getting down on your hands and knees and pulling out the weeds by the roots. It is time-consuming and painful, but the weeds will stay away for a longer time. The first solution appeared easy, but the problem remained. The可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_second solution was not so easy, but took ca
4、re of the problem from the roots. The key is to get to the root of the problem.The same thing is true of our attitude in life. The problem with people today isthattheywantinstantanswer.Theyarelookingforone-minutesolutionsto everything. Just like instant coffee, they want instant happiness. There are
5、 no quickfixes. This attitude leads to disappointment or even failure.妙语点睛在这篇短文中,“主系表”结构的句子有许多.比方:1) The easy waymay beto run a lawnmower.2) The yardlooksfine for a while.3) But thatis a temporary answer.4) Soon the weedsare back.5) It is time-consuming and painful.6) The first solutionappearedeasy.
6、7) The second solutionwas not so easy.8) The keyis to get to the root of the problem.这些句子谓语动词前面的名词短语都是主语,后面的就是表语.用作表语的形式有许多,可以是不定式比方 to run a lawnmower 和 to get to the root of the problem 、形容词比方 fine, time-consuming and painful, easy 、名词短语比方 a temporary answer 、副词比方 back 等.另外,这里的系动词主要是 be 的各种形式,如 ma
7、y be, is, are 和 was 等,但除了 be 以外,仍有其他系动词,如 looks 和 appeared .精品译文失败者查找捷径除掉院子里的杂草可以有两种方法:简便方法和不简便方法.简便方法可以是开动锄草机,然后院子里的草就没了.这可以管一阵子的事,但只是权宜之计,不久后杂草又长出来了.不简便的方法就意味着你自己得双膝跪的,然后用双手把杂草连根拔除.这既费时间又费劲气,比较痛楚,但是杂草能够在很长一段时间内不会再长出来.第一个除草方案好像简洁易行,但只能治标不能治本,问题并没有真正解决.其次个方案比较费劲,但是能根除问题.关键是要解决根本问题.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品
8、_精品资料_我们面对人生的态度也是如此.现代人的问题在于,他们想投机取巧,对一切事情都想快速解决.这就像速溶咖啡一样,他们想要的只是“幸福快餐”,而这样的幸福只是临时的.生活中没有捷径,想找捷径最终会导致扫兴.信任读者看完这个短文之后,应当有所启示,那就是学习英语的道理完全一样,要想真正学好它,是没有捷径可走的.学习英语可以有方法,但没有捷径,更不能投机取巧.英语学习是一个漫长的、需要点滴积存的“痛并欢乐着”的过程.接下来,我们来分析英语中的系动词的不同分类.主要有下面四大类:一、单纯表示主语的特点、状态的这样的系动词有 feel, look, sound, taste, smell, see
9、m和 appear等.请看例句:2 The ironfeels hot.这块铁摸起来很热 .3 The rose doesntsmell much.这玫瑰花不是很香.二、表示主语由一种状态转变为另一种状态的这样的系动词有 become, grow, get, turn, fall, go和 come等.例如:4 The leaf willturn yellowin autumn.叶子秋天就会变黄.5 The teacherbecame angry. 老师愤怒了.对于 fall,go 和 come等词作为系动词时,这些系动词与形容词连用一般具有固定的搭配关系.请先看下面含有fall 的例子:6
10、Our supplies of sugar and ricefell short. 我们的糖、米供应不足.7 The jokesfell flat. 玩笑毫无成效.8 Ive got to return the book this afternoon; itfalls overduea week.我今日下午得仍书,已经过期一周了.9 fall due到期10 fall asleep睡着可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_由于这里的 fall 都是作为系动词,所以其后面不能接副词,比方不能说fall shortly* 或fall flatly* 等.请看 go 作为系动词的例子:11
11、 go hungry饿了,受饿12 go mad变疯了13 go bad坏掉了14 go crazy变得疯狂15 go sour变酸16 go wrong出错了从上面的例子可以发觉, go 作为系动词时,一般用于贬义,即表示主语是朝着坏的或消极的一面转变.相反, come 作为系动词,就是表示褒义的,即表示主语是朝着好的或积极的一面转变.请看例句:17 Hope your dreams willcome true. 祝你好梦成真.18 The dream hascome true. 理想已经实现.19 come right订正了,正确了三、表示主语保持某种状态的这样的系动词有 continue
12、, remain, stay, keep, hold, rest和 prove等.请看例句:20 He has fallen into the habit of doing morning exercises tostay healthy.妙语点睛不要说 stay healthily,由于副词不能作表语.精品译文可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_为了保持健康,他已经养成了晨练的习惯.21 If you dontstay busy, you die. I dont want to die right now.妙语点睛不要说 stay busily ,由于副词不能作表语.精品译文假如
13、你不辛勤劳碌,就等于死亡.我可不想现在就死去.22 You mayrest assuredthat he will come to the party.妙语点睛rest assured是一个固定搭配.精品译文尽管放心,他会来参与聚会的.23 The weathercontinued finefor several days.天气连续几天都很晴朗.24 He held silentfor the whole day.他一成天都缄默不语.四、近似于不及物动词的系动词近似于不及物动词的系动词有sit, act, arrive, blush, marry, die和 be born等.有人将其称为“半
14、系动词”,由于它们介于不及物动词和系动词之间.读者对这些系动词只需了解,并且在遇到相关句子时能够正确懂得即可.我们先来看下面这篇介绍阿诺德施瓦辛格的短文:25 Arnold Schwarzenegger grew up in Australia. His father was a policeman and his mother a housewife. Home didnt have a flush toilet or refrigerator until Arniewas 14. Hearrived in the U. S. a penniless 21-year-old. His wif
15、e, Maria Shiver, isan anchorwomanonU. S. TV newsandnieceofassassinatedPresidentJohnF. Kennedy.AndyWarholandGraceJoneswereamongthe500guestsattheir wedding.OthersinvitedwhowereunabletoattendincludedthePope and the可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Reagans. His hobbies include reading, collecting art and attendin
16、g classical music festivals.我们来分析其中的一句话:He arrivedin the U. S.a penniless 21-year-old.妙语点睛第一,介词短语 in the U. S.明显是表示的点的, 修饰谓语 arrived ,即是一个的点状语, 表示“他到达了美国” .其次,名词短语 a penniless 21-year-old起什么作用了?作 arrived 的宾语吗?明显不行, 由于 arrive 是不及物动词, 不行能接宾语.从语义上来看, a penniless 21-year-old明显是补充说明主语 he 的,表示“他到达美国的时候是一个
17、身无分文的 21 岁的穷小子”,即 a penniless 21-year-old是一个主语补足语,也就是相当于表语.可以把这个句子改 写成: He was a penniless 21-year-oldwhen he arrived in the U. S.从而证明这里的谓语 arrived 相当于一个系动词的作用,连接主语he 和表语 a penniless 21-year-old.精品译文阿诺德施瓦辛格在澳大利亚长大.他父亲是一名警察,母亲是家庭主妇.直到小阿诺德14 岁时家里才有了抽水马桶和电冰箱. 21 岁的时候,他身无分文的来到美国.他的妻子玛丽亚希弗是美国电视新闻的主持人,也是美
18、国前总统约翰F肯尼迪的侄女.安迪沃尔和格蕾斯琼斯是参与他们婚礼的500 名嘉宾之一,其他受到邀请却没能参与的客人包括教皇和里根家族的成员.他的爱好包括读书、收集艺术品和听古典音乐会.请读者再来看下面这个小故事:26 Aneagleseggwas placedinthenestofa prairie 大草原 chicken.The egg hatched and the little eagle grew up, thinking it was a prairie chicken. The eagle didwhat the prairie chickens did. It scratched
19、in the dirt for seeds. It clucked and cackled. It never flew more than a few feet because that was what the prairie chickens did.One day he saw an eagle flying gracefully and majestically in the open sky. He asked the prairie chickens, What is that beautiful bird. The chickens replied, That is an ea
20、gle. He is an outstanding bird, but you cannot fly like him because you are just a prairie chicken. So the eagle never gave it a second thought, believing that to bethe truth. Helived the life of and died a prairie chicken, depriving himself of hisheritage because of his lack of vision. What a waste
21、. He was born to win, but was conditioned to lose.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_我们来分析其中的这句话:He lived the life of anddied a prairie chicken.妙语点睛笔者认为, 这是该故事中最难的一个句子了. 这个句子原本的结构是He lived the life ofa prairie chickenand died a prairie chicken.也就是说名词短语 a prairie chicken同时充当两个谓语部分lived the life of和 died 的成分.那在这
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