考点14--推理判断之推断文章结构--讲考点--心中有数（教师版）.docx

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1、考点14-推理判断之推断文章结构-讲考点-心中有数2023年高考命题预测】推理判断之推断文章结构考点是新课标中明确要考的考点。在当今高考的新改革时代, 考查文章结构题最能考查学生对语篇的整体把控，要求学生必须从大处着眼。预测在2023 高考中，推断文章结构题有可能在高考阅读理解中呈现。【推理判断之文章结构考点指南】规律方法：文章结构主要的设题方式常有：（1） How is the passage organized?（2） Which of the following best shows the structure/organization of the passage?规律方法：如何解决文

2、章结构题？考查组织结构的文章通常行文组织结构都比拟清晰、规范，因此，具备文体、写作方式 和文章组织结构方面相关知识对于有效解答此类题目具有至关重要的作用。1、记叙文可以采取以时间为序、以地点为序、以故事情节开展为序（开端、开展、高潮、 结局）等叙事方式进行写作。以故事情节为序又可以不按照时间的先后顺序表达，比方，先 写结局，再写其他，最后写高潮，这种叙事手法叫做倒叙。2、议论文总体上可以分为四类：第一类，”提出论点分论点分论点二分论点三.结论”；第二类，”引入段导出论点分点论述结论”；第三类，”提出问题分析问题解决问题”；第四类，“提出反面观点批驳反面观点提出正面观点”。3、说明文往往采取下定

3、义、举例子、列数字、比照或比拟等说明方式进行写作，而这些说 明方式都是为了使文章要说明的内容或问题更加清晰明了、真实可信，或者更具说服力。考例分析：【江西省赣州市2021届高三3月摸底考试（一模）】We all know a picky eater （挑食者）or two, or maybe youre the picky eater, avoiding food adventures at all costs, because youre convinced youll hate whatever new and bad-looking food is put on your plate.

4、But why is it that some people are picky eaters while others are willing to try pretty much anything that can be eaten?Theres no single explanation for the picky eating habit. Picky eaters are typically unwilling to try new foods, which can be the result of your DNA and the way you are treated and e

5、ducated when you are young. Marcia Pelchat, Ph.D. , a researcher at the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia who specializes in food preferences in humans, tells China Daily, “A group inFinland looked at what we call food neophobia, which literally means Tear of the new, and they found that

6、 there is some genetic basis fbr this.”“Also, if you have parents who dont really like to try anything new, you will also be exposed to fewer new foods,“ Pelchat says. The opposite is also true: Those who try new foods and have positive experiences are then more likely to try unfamiliar foods in the

7、 future.People who are less adventurous may be more hesitant to try new foods. Trying anything new, food included, requires you to step outside of your comfort zone. If youre not very adventurous, you may have a tough time with this. People who seek new adventures or thrills might be more likely to

8、experiment with food. There is a thrill-seeking personality trait J Pelchat says. Its been shown, especially with spicy food, that there is some connection between trying new foods and thrill seeking/9 she explains.Most adult picky eaters start as child picky eaters. Its normal fbr children to go th

9、rough a picky stage when theyre toddlers, maybe two or three years old, and that makes sense evolutionarily,“ Pelchat says. But as we get older, if we continue to avoid new foods, pickiness can persist.35. Which of the following shows the best structure of the passage? (P二Paragraph)【答案】35. B【解析】这是一篇

10、说明文。文章对为什么有些人挑食，而有些人却愿意尝试几乎所有能吃的 东西这个问题进行了解释和说明。35.推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句But why is it that some people are picky eaters while others are willing to try pretty much anything that can be eaten?（但为什么有些人挑食，而有些 人却愿意尝试几乎所有能吃的东西呢？户可知，第一段提出问题，根据第二段第一句Theres no single explanation for the picky eating habit.（对于挑食的习

11、惯没有单一的解释）”可知，第二 段解释为什么会有人挑食，根据第三段第一句“Also, if you have parents who dont really like to try anything new, you will also be exposed to fewer new foods（此外，如果你的父母不喜欢尝试新事物，你接触到的新食物也会更少厂可知，第三段也在解释为什么会有人挑食。所以第二 段和第三段是同样的作用。根据第四段第四句People who seek new adventures or thrills might be more likely to experiment

12、 with food.（寻求新冒险或刺激的人可能更愿意尝试食物）”可知， 第四段解释了为什么会有人乐于尝试各种食物，根据第五段第一句Most adult picky eaters start as child picky eaters.（大多数成年挑食者从儿童开始就挑食）”可知，第五段介绍了挑食习 惯形成的阶段。应选B。【试题精练】【河南省南阳市六校2021-2022学年第一次联合测试】The groceiy store might not be your favorite place to visit when youre at home, but is it ever fun when y

13、oure in another country? Honestly speaking, theyre one of those strange little destinations that I like to sniff out everywhere I go, much as other travelers head toward clothing stores, libraries, coffee shops or galleries.The greatest beauty of the grocery store - whether its a supermarket or a ti

14、ny shop - is that it gives you a glimpse into what local people buy to cook their own meals. This offers clues into their lifestyles and preferences, and into the agricultural and cooking practices of the country. I stare at the strange fruits and vegetables, the seafood, the cheese, the spices, the

15、 bread, and oh, the chocolate.always the chocolate!Being the environmental nerd （呆子）I am, I like paying attention to packaging, which can reflect peoples attitudes towards environmental protection. Italy, for example, has a habit of requiring customers to bag their fruits and vegetables in plastic f

16、or weighing, while Sri Lanka leaves everything loose in bins. In Brazil, everything is prepackaged in a layer of plastic.People in grocery stores tend to be friendlier. They smile, say hello, and sometimes ask questions, which can lead to great conversations. I had a further discussion with a teenag

17、ed cashier in Sri Lanka, over which bag of crunchy （松脆的） mix to buy. He insisted that the one labeled “spicy” would be too hot for me, but I told him I was willing to risk it. He laughed and we ended up talking about my favorite Sri Lankan foods for ten minutes.Its interesting then to come home and

18、look at ones own local grocery store through new eyes. What would a visitor think? What stands out, and what do the food displays say about us as a culture? You might be surprised by what you realize.11. Which of the following shows the structure of text? （P: paragraph）0 0 /ic. 【答案】11. c【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹

19、议文。作者通过介绍自己旅行时喜欢去食品杂货店的经历来建议 人们在旅游时去当地的食品杂货店看看。11.推理判断题。根据第一段第二句Honestly speaking, they*re one of those strange little destinations that I like to sniff out （寻找）everywhere I go, much as other travelers head toward clothing stores, libraries, cafes or galleries.（说实话，它们是那些我所到之处都喜欢去的奇怪的 小目的地之一，就像其他游客去服装店、图书馆、咖啡馆或画廊一样广可知，作者去国外时 最喜欢逛当地的杂货店，第二段到第四段都在讲去杂货店的好处。最后一段的第一句力g interesting then to come home and look at ones own local grocery store through new eyes.（然后 回到家用新的眼光看看自己的杂货店会是很有趣的）”以及下文的问题可知作者最后总结了 旅行时逛杂货店的益处。应选C。