2022年上海电力大学自考英语（二）练习题汇总（附答案解析）.docx

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1、2022年上海电力大学自考英语（二）练习题汇总（附答案解析）第1题【单项选择题】【I阅读选择】Climate scientists are not present everywhere. Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them, theyre asking for your help in observing signs of climate change across the world. The citizen scientist movem

2、ent encourages ordinary people to observe a very specific research interest birds, trees, flowers budding, etc, and send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be abl

3、e to gather on their own. Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat, citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live. All thats needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in.In All thats needed to bec

4、ome one. (paragraph 2) 7 what does the word one stands for ?A、a citizen journalistB a citizen scientistC、a scientistD、a citizen【正确答案】B【答案解析】one不仅是数词也是代词；代词指代的名词或句子一般出现在代词 的前一句，要注意区分代词单、复数。第2题【单项选择题】2008.04 Anxiety can with childrens performance at school.A、refer【正确答案】D【答案解析】第一句总述了科学和技术是有差异的。缺空后是对两者的

5、分述，因 此缺空处也应是对两者的分述，应选D。第21题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket （板球）.Q: Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选A。此题对应的语句为:the one most nearly li

6、ke it is the English game of cricket,因此是正确的。第22题【单项选择题】2007.04 The newspaper will have to close down if it cannot increase its considerably.A、distributionB、contributionC、prescriptionD、circulation【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查词义辨析。circulation：（书报杂志的）销售量，发行额, 销路。符合句意。第23题【单项选择题】Knowing how to protect yourself agai

7、nst identity theft is the first thing you for yourself.10A、need doneB、need doingC need to doingD、need to do【正确答案】D【答案解析】need作实意动词时，后面跟动词表示主动用need to do,答案选D。第24题【单项选择题】2009.10 Youd better leave things if you dont know how to deal withthem.A、offB、outC、aloneD、 over【正确答案】c【答案解析】【译文】如果你不知道如何处理这些事情，你最好把它

8、们放在一边。【试题分析】此题考查词意区分。【详细解答】A离开，离去 B不在里 面，出局 C单独的（地） D完结，翻倒，越过第25题【单项选择题】Do you need a ride?No, thanks. I walking.A、preferB、wantC、used toD、take【正确答案】A【答案解析】相比拟来说,更喜欢做某事用prefer,其结构为prefer sth. to sth. 或者 prefer doing sth. to doing sth.o11第26题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】Two thousand years ago the Chinese had already

9、developed a working compass. A piece of lodestone （天然磁石）would be cut into the shape of a ladle （长 柄勺）. Placed on a stone board with a smooth surface, the lodestone would move round until the handle of the ladle pointed south while the bulk （主体）of the ladle was attracted to magnetic north. This inter

10、estingly shaped device is mentioned in a book from about 80. Other ancient books may have dated it as far back as the fourth century Jade （玉石）finders played an important role in the invention of the ladle. They travelled great distances to look for jade. In order not to lose directions, they would t

11、ake a ladle with them.When did the Chinese invent the compass?A、In 1492.B、 In the thirteen century A.D.C、In A.D. 80.D、At least 2000 years ago.【正确答案】D【答案解析】本段中 Two thousand years ago the Chinese had already developed a working compass.直接告诉我们中国创造指南针的时间。第27题【单项选择题】2010.04 The spokesman occasionally his

12、 speech with gestures.A、acknowledgesB、accompaniesC attributesD、anticipates【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查词汇。【译文】这位发言人讲演中偶尔伴有手势。第28题【单项选择题】122009.10 he has many friends, he is often feeling lonely.A、AsB、WhenC、WhileD、Since【正确答案】c【答案解析】此题考查状语从句的附属连词。【译文】尽管（虽然）他有许多朋 友，但他常常感到孤独。第29题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】For any given task in B

13、ritain there are more men than are needed. Strong unions keep them there. In Fleet Street, home of some of Londons biggest dailies, it is understood that when two unions quarrel over three jobs the argument is settled by giving each union two. That means 33 per cent over manning, 33 per cent less pr

14、oductivity than could be obtained.What happens when disputes over job opportunities arise among British unions?A、 Thirty three per cent of the workers will be out of work.B、More jobs will be created by the union.C、More people will be employed than necessary.D、The unions w川 try to increase productivi

15、ty.【正确答案】c【答案解析】本段开头告诉读者“.there are more men than are needed.when two unions quarrel over three jobs, the argument is settled by giving each union two”,接 下来作者又进一步说明其实质，即它意味着33 per cent over manning, 33 per cent less productivity than could be obtained。第30题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】Physiologically, we are rhythmi

16、cal. We must eat, sleep, breathe, and play regularly to maintain good health. Emotionally we are rhythmical, too, for13psychologists say that all of us feel alternate periods of relative depression and exhilaration. Intellectually we are also rhythmical, for we must have periods of relaxation follow

17、ing periods of concentration. It naturally follows then that rhythm, a fundamental aspect of our lives, must be a part of any good literary workwhether poetry or prose.According to the passage, which of the followingpairs of activities best illustrates intellectual rhythm?A、Studying a science book a

18、nd then studying a psychology bookB、Learning a poem and then taking a napC、Playing ball at the beach and then going swimmingD、Solving a math problem and then solving a chemistry problem【正确答案】B【答案解析】段落的结尾处讲到：在脑力活动方面，我们也同样是有节奏的，因 为我们在高度集中精力一段时间以后，必须让脑子有一个松弛的阶段(we must have periods of relaxation follow

19、ing periods of concentration) o I艮据这个信息，A、 D项内容都是高度集中的脑力活动，与原文内容恰好相反；B项内容是学习诗歌 与小睡一会，正好符合原文，一张一弛。而C项内容又全是不费脑力的活动，也 不符合原文。第31题【单项选择题】【填句补文】Scientists have learned that the sense of pain is made up of both chemical and electrical signals. . Scientists also have learned that the nervous system sends tw

20、o different kinds-of pain messages to the brain: one very fast, the other slow.A、It tells us not to use the injured part until it heals.B、These signals travel from nerve cells in the injured area, up the spinal cord (脊 髓)to the brain, and back down again.C、The first message is the warning signal.D、T

21、he other message moves at a speed of only one meter a second.【正确答案】B14【答案解析】第一句讲的是疼痛的感觉是由两种信号signals组成的，所以紧接 着就提到两种信号的传播路线。B项恰恰照应了首句意思。第32题【单项选择题】2007.04 The book fair has received a positive from readers.A、resultB、 responseC、settlementD、solution【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查词义辨析。response：反映，反响。result：结果，后果。 set

22、tlement：殖民,移民，定居。solution：解决;解答。根据句意,应该选response a positive response： 良好的反映。第33题【单项选择题】2007.04 It is difficult to the implication between the lines.A、get toB get withC、get atD、get down【正确答案】c【答案解析】此题考查词组辨析。A.开始，接触；C.找出，发现；D.下来, 写下来。第34题【单项选择题】2009.04 If payment is not received, legal action will be

23、our onlyA、aggressionB、advantage15C、alternativeD、ambition【正确答案】c【答案解析】此题考查词义选择。译文：如果我们收不到付款，那就只好诉诸法 律了。A挑衅、侵犯；B优势、优点；C选择、取舍；D野心、抱负。第35题【单项选择题】Rather than on a crowed bus, he always prefers a bicycle.A、ride； rideB、riding； rideC、ride； to rideD、to ride； riding【正确答案】c【答案解析】此题考查prefer后跟动词不定式的用法。prefer表示“宁

24、愿做A事 也不愿做B事”时，有两种表达形式，即prefer doing A to dong B和prefer to do A rather than do B。例如：I prefer reading to watching TV.（我宁愿看书而不愿看电 视）。或者表达为 I prefer to read rather than watch TV。此题把 rather than 放在 句首，句子意思没变，因此C为正确选项。另外还可说prefer sb. to do sth.（宁 愿某人做某事），prefer sth.to sth.（宁愿某事而不愿某事）。第36题【单项选择题】2008.10 It

25、 took a few seconds for her eyes to to the darkness.A、allocateB、 adoptC、applyD、adjust【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查动词词义辨析。【译文】她花了几秒钟时间使眼睛适应黑暗。【详细解答】A分配，拨出 B收养，过继 C应用，申请 D调16整，使适合第37题【单项选择题】2008.10 Never before so rapidly developing as it is today.A、has our country beenB、has been our countryC、our country has been

26、D、our country been has【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查语法。【译文】我们国家从未像现在这样高速开展。【详细 解答】否认词never在句首，该句子应采用局部倒装。第38题【单项选择题】【完成句子】Certainly there are millions who need to lose weight. But there are also millions who only imagine they need to. Compulsive and continuous dieting, not to mention eating disorders, shows that

27、 some of us will do anything to reduce our bodies down to the currently desirable shape. But is being underweight really desirable?A great many people go on a diet to.A、keep fitB、have a body shape that all people will admireC、prolong life spanD、get ride of digestive system diseases【正确答案】B【答案解析】本段文字指

28、出，很多人为了到达当前流行的体型(reduce our bodies down to the currently desirable shape)而不惜通过节食等方法减肥。因此选择B。第39题【单项选择题】2008.04 The farming methods have been improved with the invention ofthe new machine.17A、efficientlyB、proficientlyC、professionallyD、intentionally【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查副词词义辨析。句子翻译为：由于新机器的创造，人们已 经高效率地改进了农业

29、耕种方法。A高效率地B熟练地 C职业地、专职地 D故意地、有意地。第40题【单项选择题】2009.10 Youd better leave things if you dont know how to deal withthem.A、offB、outC、aloneD、 over【正确答案】c【答案解析】【译文】如果你不知道如何处理这些事情，你最好把它们放在一边。【试题分析】此题考查词意区分。【详细解答】A离开，离去 B不在里 面，出局 C单独的（地） D完结，翻倒，越过第41题【单项选择题】2009.10 The profit-sharing plan is designed to the s

30、taff to work hard.A、calculateB、demonstrateC、speculateD、motivate【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查词语辨析。【译文】利润共享计划目的是激发员工努力工18作。A计算、估算B证实、论证、演示 C思索、推测 D激励、激发第42题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】People living north of the mountain heard a loud boom that shook their windows, and airline pilots flying near the volcano soon afterwards descri

31、bed a thick black column of ash and steam shooting more than 2,100 meters into the sky.Q: Pilots flying at the height of more than 2,100 meters saw a thick black column of ash and steam shooting up into the air from the crater.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。该题说的是：飞行员飞行的高度超过2100米时，看见一 个黑色的

32、火山灰和蒸汽从火山口急速上升到空气中。但是，文章中airline pilots flying near the volcano soon afterwards described a thick black column of ash and steam shooting more than 2,100 meters into the sky.说的是靠近火山的地方出现了 一个黑色的火山灰和蒸汽上升到空气中，其高度超过2100米。因此该命题是错 误的。第43题【单项选择题】2009.04 Tom has done really amazed everyone in his class.A、Wha

33、tB、WhichC ThatD、Who【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查主语从句的引导词的选择。译文：汤姆所做的事情使得他 班里的每个同学都感到吃惊。详细解答：what Tom has done指汤姆所做的事情； B哪一个；C （无词义）；D谁。19B、 prefer C inferD、interfere【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查词语辨析。句子翻译为：焦虑可以阻碍孩子们在学校的表 现。A . refer to 提到、查阅、涉及；B. prefer to 更喜欢；C. infer from （根 据某事）推断、推定；D. interfere with扰乱、阻碍。第3题【单项选择题】【填句

34、补文】The Caribbean Islands form a chain that separates the Caribbean Sea from the rest of the Atlantic Ocean. Many of the islands were formed by the eruption （爆发）of ancient volcanoes （火山）.Others are low-lying coral islands that gradually rose from the ocean.A、 They are famous for their warm, tropical

35、climate and great natural beauty.B、What would you see if you took a cruise to the Caribbean Islands?C Theyre like a long necklace that stretches between North and South America. D、 But life on the Caribbean Islands is not always paradise.【正确答案】c【答案解析】第一句话说的是：加勒比群岛形成了一个锁链，把加勒比海与大西 洋的其他局部分开。答案是C,因为它的第

36、一个词是They,该词指The Caribbean Islands；而且在语义上也有很好的衔接。第4题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】For any given task in Britain there are more men than are needed. Strong unions keep them there. In Fleet Street, home of some of Londons biggest dailies, it is understood that when two unions quarrel over three jobs the argument is set

37、tled by giving each union two. That means 33 per cent over manning, 33 per cent less productivity than could be obtained.What happens when disputes over job opportunities arise among British unions?第44题【单项选择题】【概括大意】 It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature,

38、but its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago. These books were often concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society, a theme which is still o代en found in modern stories.The main idea of this paragraph is.A、Science Fiction is a Fairly New Development in Literat

39、ureB、Origins of Science FictionC、The Theme of Science FictionD、Science Fiction Has a Short History【正确答案】B【答案解析】从第一段话可以看出这段文字介绍了科普小说的起源。因此选择Bo第45题【单项选择题】2009.04 When you know Bob better, you will like him.A、go toB、got toC、went toD、get to【正确答案】D【答案解析】译文：当你更加了解鲍勃时，你将会喜欢他的。试题分析：此题考 查主将从现。回详细解答：根据主将从现的原那

40、么，主句用了一般将来时，时间状 语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。第46题【单项选择题】概括大意Our bodies are estimated to be about 60 to 70% water. Blood is mostly water, and our muscles, lungs, and brain all contain a lot of water. Water is needed to20 regulate body temperature and to provide the means for nutrients （滋养）to travel to all our orga

41、ns. Water also transports oxygen to our cells, removes waste, and protects our joints and organs.The main idea of this paragraph is.A、Ounces of Water Needed Per DayB、Importance of WaterC、Water in Our BodyD、The Function of Water【正确答案】B【答案解析】通过介绍水在我们身体里的含量、水存在身体的那些部位及水的一 些功能来证明水的重要性。因此选择Bo第47题【单项选择题】2

42、008.04 It has been found that a strong help overcome the effects of distraction.A、interruptionB、motivationC、evaluationD、destination【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查名词词义区分。A.打搅、中；断 B.动机、诱因；C. 评估、评价；D.目的地、终点。整句话的意思是：人们发现一个很强的动机 可以帮助克服干扰物的影响。第48题【单项选择题】【I阅读选择】Income may be national income and personal income. Whereas

43、national income is defined as the total earned income of all the factors of production namely, profits, interest, rent, wages, and other compensation for labor, personal income may be defined as total money income received by individuals before personal taxes are paid. National income does not equal

44、 GNP because the factors of21 production do not receive payment for either capital consumption allowances or indirect business taxes, both of which are included in GNP. The money put aside for capital consumption is for replacement and thus is not counted as income. Indirect taxes include sales taxe

45、s, property taxes, and excise taxes that are paid by businesses directly to the government and so reduce the income left to pay for the factors of production. Three-fourths of national income goes for wages, salaries, and other forms of compensation to employees.Which of the following statements is

46、true according to the paragraph?A、GNP equals national income plus indirect business taxes.B、GNP excludes both capital consumption allowances and indirect business taxes.C、Personal income is regarded as the total money income received by an individual after his or her taxes are paid.D、 The money that

47、 goes for capital consumption is not regarded as income.【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题的依据是本段的The money put aside for capital consumption is for replacement and thus is not counted as income.这个句子。对原句的词语选项 D 用了别的表达方法，但大意仍保持不变。第49题【单项选择题】【填句补文】Posture. A good posture makes you feel better about yourself., This makes

48、breathing more difficult, which in turn can make you feel nervous or uncomfortable.A、If you are feeling down, you normally dont sit straight, with your shoulders inwards.B、Body language is a broad term for several forms of communication using body movements or gestures.C、 Body language differs from culture