专题09 定语从句第9讲 -定语从句---2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）（讲）（含答案解析）.docx

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1、2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）第九讲一定语从句【复习概览】在语境中 人理解和运 /用新的语 法知识定语从句.单句填空.语篇填空1 .单句翻译.书面表达生活实践 和学习探 索情境【命题分析】 一、命题要求定语从句考点是英语高考必考点之一。在高考中主要考查点有：定语从句关系词、定语从句的先行词、 定语从句中的主谓一致、定语从句中的时态等。二、命题形式本考点在高考中的命题形式主要有：1.语法填空；2.阅读理解中的复杂句子；2.书面表达。从句在语法填 空中是必考点。2022年从句考点还将是高考中的重点和难点所在。在这个考点上一定多下工夫，不管花费多大的精力, 让学生掌握这个考点都不为

2、过，因为，打开2022年的高考试卷，必然会有非谓语动词。【基础巩固】知识点：定语从句必备基础知识： 在主从复合句中，修饰或限制某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。A.先行词+连词（关系代词）+陈述句【先行词为人。宾语。】【先行词为人。宾语。】【先行词为人。宾语。】【先行词为物。主语、宾语。】【where = at/on/in which 【when = at/on/in which who【先行词为人。主语、宾语。】whom that【先行词为物/人。主语、宾语。whichB. 地方 + where（状语）+ 陈述句 时间 + when（状语）+ 陈述句C.先行词（物/人）+ whose + 名

3、词whose:某人的/某物的D.先行词（人）+介词+ whom +陈述句先行词（物）+介词+ which +陈述句重难点知识：考点1关系代词引导的定语从句【典例】1 .12021 浙江 1 月Theyre the only thing looks like human language in that respect.【答案】that【解析】考查定语从句。在这方面，它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西。此处先行词是thing被the only 修饰，且在定语从句中作主语，故填that。212021-11 省 1 月联考Im grateful that the assistant responded

4、 in a way made me rethink the power ofmy words.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定语从句。我很感激那位店员的回应让我重新考虑我说话的威力。此处先行词是away,在定 语从句中作主语，故填that/which o3.2021，1 省 1 月联考That day, along with the barber there was an assistant,had recently joined theshop.【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句。那天，除了理发师还有一个助手，最近刚加入这个商店。此处是非限制性定语从 句，先行词是an assist

5、ant在定语从句中作主语。故填who。【方法指导】1. who和whom指人，who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中 可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。2. whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用of which代替，指人时可用of whom代替。3. that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，作宾语或表语时可省略。4 . which指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。另外，which 可用来指代前面句子的部分或全部内容。5 .下列情况只用that不用which：先行词是 all, somet

6、hing, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, few 等不定代词;先行词被 all, any, every, no, little, much, some 等词修饰；先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词；先行词被the only, the very（正是，恰是），the last修饰；先行词中既有人也有物；在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。【变式】【变式】12019上海卷The baby turtles emerge from the eggs after 45- 0 days, then the babie

7、s grow without their mother, is a rare phenomenon in nature.【答案】which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。此处Which代替前面整个句子的内容，无固定的先行词。故填which。【变式】22019上海卷For more information about our program, please visit our website, or contact our Undergraduate Chair,information is listed above.【答案】whose【解析】考查定语从句。为了进一步了解我们项目的消息、，请访问我

8、们的网站或联系我们的Undergraduate Chair,它的信息在上面被列出。此处先行词是Undergraduate Chair,其和后面的information是所属关系， 故填whose o考点2关系副词引导的定语从句【典例】.【江苏省无锡市第一中学20202021学年高三上学期开学考试】TikToks woes（麻烦）offer others an opening. In India,50. 200 million users lost access to it overnight, a local rival, Roposo, got 22 million sign-ups in

9、48 hours. In America Facebook is about to launch Instagram “Reels”, a TikTok clone, and YouTube will soon roll out “Shorts”.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子可知此处是定语从句，先行词是India,在定语从句中作地点状语，用关 系副词where引导非限制性定语从句，故填whereo.【2016全国新课标 I】But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1

10、980s, 65_ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.【答案】when【解析考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，从句缺少状语，因为先行词是时间，故填when。【方法指导】.先行词是表示时间、地点或原因（一般为reason）的名词，从句中缺少状语时用关系副词when, where, whyo有时可用“介词+ which”结构替换。1 .当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间

11、、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。2 .当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point, situation, case, stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语， 常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果作主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词that/which。【变式】【变式】1（2021 天津南开区南开中学高三二模）Sales director is a position communication ability is just asimportant as sales.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. why【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：销售经理是

12、一个职位，在这个职位上，交流能力和销售能力一样重要。 分析句子可知，本句为限制性定语从句，position为先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为where。 故选Bo【变式】2（2021 山东）I dont know the reason he left without saying anything.A. whenB. whereC. whyD. which【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我不知道他什么也没说就走了的原因。本句是定语从句，先行词为the reason, 先行词在从句中作原因状语，用关系副词why。故选C项。【变式】3（2021 天津高三期末） We often r

13、each a point in our life we should be ready for change that will help usunlock our self-improvement power.A. whenB. thatC. asD. which【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句引导词。句意：在我们的生活中，我们经常会到达一个临界点，那时我们应该准备 好迎接改变，这将帮助我们释放自我提升的力量。分析句子可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为a point,从句中不缺少主语和宾语，排除关系代词，应用关系副词when引导从句，在句中作时间状语。故选 A项。考点3 “介词+关系代词

14、”引导的【典例】.【2021 天津 3 月高考William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes we canlearn without repeating them.A. from which B. in whichC. with whom D. for whom【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：威廉哈斯蒂曾经说过，历史会告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中学习避 免重复犯错。分析句子可知，past mistakes为现行词，we can learn without repeating them.为定语

15、从句， 从句中谓语动词can learn可知，要从过去的错误中学习，learn from从 中学习”，可知应用from which 引导定语从句。故选A。2. （2021 天津红桥区高三模）Learning another language is like stepping out of a door,I can look back and see more clearly my own language.A. By whichB. through which C. whichD. on which【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句和介词辨析。句意：学习另外一种语言就好像跨出了一扇房门，通过它，我

16、可以回 顾并且更加清楚地明白自己的语言。分析可知，空格处引导定语从句，根据句意可知，通过这扇门，先行 词door做through“通过”的宾语，指物，用冠词代词which, by表示方式，on“在 上面”不符合句意，故 选B。【方法指导】.若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom,指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介 词后，即“介词+ whose+名词”结构。1 .该结构中介词的选用一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：先行词的意义；从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；句子的意思。表示“整体和部分关系”，介词常用。九常见结构：在 some, any,

17、 few, little, none, alh both, neither, many, most, each 等代词或数词的前、后可以用 of which/whomothe+比较级或最高级前、后用of which/whom等。有时“介词+ where”可以引导定语从句，此时要和“介词+which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。【变式】（2021天津滨海新区高三三模）The Zhuang is an ethnic group the population is the largest of allethnic groups in China.C. of whoD. of thatA. of

18、whomB. of which【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：壮族是中国所有少数民族中人口最多的一个民族。分析可知，设空处为“介 词+关系代词引导定语从句，先行词为“an ethnic group”,作of的宾语，应用关系代词which。故选B。1. （2021 天津河北区高三二模）Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree theycan be controlled.A. on whichB. by whichC. to whichD. from which【答案】C【解析】考查介词+关系代词引

19、导的定语从句。句意：人类和动物面部表情的不同之处，在于某程度上人类 面部表情可以受到控制。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the degree,关系代词which在 句中指代先行词degree（程度），表示“某种程度”应为“to some degree”，故介词to符合句意。故选C项。 考点4 as, which引导的定语从句典例.【江苏省无锡市 2021 届高三上学期期中】If everyone on your team is working different hours, you may be getting emails and messages at all hours

20、of the day, night or weekend, 36, can create an always available, or always-on“ environment.【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：如果你团队里的每个人都在不同的时间工作，你可能会全天一直收到邮件 和信息，这就能营造出一种一直在线的环境。在非限制性定语从句中，缺少主语，且代指前面一整句话， 故用which o. （2021 天津河西区高三二模）Stress is everywhere and in fact it isn*t such a bad thing it is oftensupposed

21、 to be.A. thatB. asC. whatD. which【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：压力无处不在，事实上它并不像人们认为的那样是一件坏事。分析句子结 构以及句意可知，此空引导定语从句，先行词是a bad thing,在从句中做be后表语，结合选项，用关系代 词引导，且先行词前有such修饰，所以此处只能用as引导，故选B。【方法指南】1. as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像“，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。2. as常用在下列习惯用语中：as （it） often happens, as I remember, as is often the

22、 case, as is expected, as is known to us, as is shown 等。3. which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容则只能位于句末。4“such/sothat”表示“如此以致”的意思,用来引导一个结果状语从句;而“such/soas表示“像这样”的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。5. the samethat”表示同一个人或物，而“the same.as表示同种类的人或物。【变式】（2021 天津高三三模）is widely accepted, in the Middle East Arabs greet each othe

23、r by touching noses, but this is not a polite way of greeting in other cultures.A. AsB. ItC. WhichD. What【答案】A【解析】考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：在中东，阿拉伯人通过互摸鼻子来打招呼，这在其他文 化中是不礼貌的。分析可知，is widely accepted在句中为定语从句，从句缺少主语，指代整个句子 “in the Middle East Arabs greet each other by touching noses,结合选项，as 和 which 都可以指代整个句子，

24、在引导非限制性定语从句时，which引导的非限制性定语从句置于主句之后，as引导的从句则可以置于句首。 故选Ao（2021 天津高三三模）Swimming is good for teenagers,some experts say will help them to stimulate their potential and promote their brain development.A. whichB. whyC. WhomD. what【答案】A【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：游泳对青少年有好处，一些专家说，这将帮助他们激发潜能，促 进他们的大脑发展。分析句子成分可知，“some

25、 experts say will help them to.”为非限制性定语从 句，修饰整个主句Swimming is good for teenagers（游泳对青少年有好处广，所设空处可译为“这件事/这一点”, 并在该句中充当宾语从句中的主语，故应用which,故选A。考点5 way和time后接定语从句的【典例】What surprised me was not what he said but the way in which that he said it.、不填让我吃惊的不是他说的话，而是他说话的方式。thatThe wayj whichhe explained to us wa

26、s quite simple.、不填他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。Its not the first time (that) youve found yourself in this situation.你陷入这种状况已经不是第一次了。There was a time when/during which each teacher spent an hour, one day a week, testing pupils in every subject.曾经，每个老师每周都有一天花上一小时对学生的每门功课进行测试。【方法指南】.在定语从句中，the way在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可

27、以是in which, that或省略；但是当 它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。1 .先行词time作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；当先行词time作“一段时间， 时代”讲且作状语时，应用关系副词when或“介词at/during+which”弓|导定语从句。【关键能力】定语从句与语法填空定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词以及介词的选用是语法填空题中的考查点。首先判断是否是定语从 句是做题的关键，其次判断关系词充当何种成分，确定答案。有些特殊的定语从句，如分割式定语从句和 插入式定语从句，一定要先确定先行词，然后再判断作何成

28、分，最后确定用何关系词。典题试做在空白处填入适当的关系代词或关系副词1. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid_1980s, I was the first Western TV reporter.2. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,lived from roughly 551 to 479 B C， influenced the development of chopsticks.3. Scie

29、ntists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of has beenproved.4. Fd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.5. The boss of the company is t

30、rying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.6. The books on the desk, covers are shiny, are prizes for us.7. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.答案：l.when 2.who 3.which 4.that/which5. where 6.whose 7.when应

31、对策略一旦判断是定语从句，就根据定语从句的先行词和代表先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分来确定关 系词。若在从句中作主语和宾语，就用关系代词；若作状语，就用关系副词。书面表达中定语从句易错点聚焦（一）定语从句意识缺失1 .关系代词被普通代词取代（误）1 have many collections of stamps, some oiLthem are my favorite.（正）1 have many collections of stamps, some ofLwhich are my favorite.2 .关系代词遗漏（误）The last one leaves the classroo

32、m please close the windows.（IE）The last one whoeaves the classroom please close the windows.第一句从汉语意思角度是对的，但是汉语的干扰破坏了英语句式结构。（二）假冒伪劣的定语从句1 .有从无主式（误）My friend Jane, who is very friendly to us classmates.（E）My friend Jane is very friendly to us classmates.（E）My friend Jane, who is very friendly to us cl

33、assmates, has a variety of hobbies.笫一句虎头蛇尾，属于有从无主式的句子，即有从句但没有主句。2 .从句成分残缺式（误）Those who against it think that it is unnecessary to move the zoos out of the city.（lE）Those who are agaiest it think that it is unnecessary to move the zoos out of the city.第一句定语从句的谓语不完整。介词against不能单独作谓语。3 .画蛇添足式（误）As can

34、be seen from the picture, that a sad boy stands between his angry parents.（误）As can be seen from the picture, a man who is talking happily.4 误）1 have many collections of stamps, and some of which are my favorite.第一句中关系代词as代替逗号后面的整个主句，因此主句是不需要连接词来引导的。所以，应去掉that。第二句中同样as代替逗号后面的整个主句，主句中的who是多余的。第三句中如果要满足定语从句的话，显然并列连词and是多余的。