2022年高一英语必修一外研版每单元语法经典总结.docx

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1、精品_精品资料_4Module 1 My First Day at Senior High Grammar 1: 一般现在时和现在进行时可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_表示现在习惯或反 复发生的 动作或存在的状态,常与 usually、always、Seldom、sometimes、often、frequently、everyday 、 everyweek 、 year morningon Sunday等时间状语连 用.一表示主语现在的特点 、性格和状态般现在时表示客 观规律、正确事 实或科 学真理、格言以及其他不受 时间限制的客观存在.在由连词 if 、unless 、bef

2、ore、as soon as when、 once、 however等引起的时间（条件、让步）状语从句,需用一般现在时,表示将来.表示支配或 方案要做的动作（有时间状语）限于 begin 、come、 leave、go、arrive、start、stop、open、close、return 等1. The students often do their experiment in the laboratory.2. We always care for each other and help each other.3.I am used to listening to the weather

3、report every morning.4. He sometimes stays up till midnight to catch up with others.5. Do you usually go to school on Sunday. 1、She is always ready to help others.2、China is a developing country which belongs tothe third world.3、-Do you sing. A little.1、All the living things on the earth depend on t

4、he sun.2、Knowledge comes only from practice.3、Unpleasant advice ,like bitter medicine ,has welcome effect.*Our teacher told us the earth goes round the sun. 1、I lcl all on you unless it rains the day after tomorrow.2、Even if it rains tomorrow, the sports meet will take place.3、We will start as soon

5、as you are ready.4、However much advice you give him, he will do exactly what he wants.1、The film starts at seven o clock this evening. 2、The plane takes off at 5:00a.m.3、We leave for Beijing next Friday.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_用法例示1、Look, the boy is dozing可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_表示现在（ 说话的瞬时）正在进行或发生的

6、动作表示 当前一段 时间内 的活动或现阶段正在 进行的 动作（ 说话时动 作不肯定正在 进行）现在进表示 说话人现在对主语的行为表称赞, 厌恶等,常 与off.2 、Look. The monkey is climbing the banana tree.3 、I haven taccepted his suggestion yet. I mstill considering it.1 、 How are you getting along with your English these day.2、We are going over the grammar learned before at

7、 present.3、W are preparing for the meeting to be held next Friday now.1、He is always thinking of others.（表称赞）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_行alwaysconstantlycontinually 等副词连用2、He is constantly leavinghis things about.（表不 满）时3、The children are alwaysmaking trouble.（表厌恶） 4、She is always asking thesame questi

8、on（. 表厌恶）5、You are always changing your mind.（表埋怨）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_表 示 在最 近 计 划 或 安 排 要 进行 的 动作 , 常 限 于wear 等表移动,方向的 动词1、He is starting the work in a few minutes.2、A foreign guest is giving a lecture in English this afternoon.3、He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow afternoon.4、He is coming to se

9、e you next month.5、He is staying with us for a few weeks next year.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Grammar 2:分词形容词英语中有些形容 词是由动词的 -ing 构成的（通常表示事物 给人的感觉,意为“是令人感到 .的”）,有些形容 词是由动词的-ed 构成的（通常表示人 对事物的感 觉,意为“对 感到 的”）.前者表示主动的意义,后者表示被 动的意义.由于他 们的形式与现在分词和过去分词完全一样,故又称它们为“分词形容词”,在句中做表、定、 状、补等成分.常 见的有：amazing-amazedamus

10、ing-amusedastonishingastonishedfrightingfrightenedboring-boredconfusing- confuseddisappointingdisappointedmoving-moveddisturbing - disturbeddiscouraging- discouragedencouraging encouragedtiringtiredModule 2 My New Teachers Grammar：后接 V-ing 的动词（1） 英语中有许多的 动词后只跟动名词作宾语：如advise,consider,admit,appreciate

11、,mind, avoid,excuse,delay,imagine, deny, enjoy, keepon, practice,resist,escape , risk , put off,explain, quit 停止, tolerate, pardon, allow, forbid,miss 错过, suggest,advise,recommend,finish,envy,can t help（2） 有一类动词后直接跟 动名词形式作宾语.假如后面跟名 词、代词加宾补, 就宾补用不定式 这类常见的可 记忆为 “阿福的帽子 ”:FUSCAP : allow, forbid, underst

12、and, suppose, consider, advise, permittedeg: We don t allow using mobile phone here. We dont allow him to use mobile phoenhere. He is not allowed to use mobile phone here.（3） “动词+ 介词”构成的短 语,其后往往跟 动名词作宾语.特殊是含有介 词“to 的“动名词短语.常见的有： be used to 习惯于,devote oneself to 致力于. lead to 导致.see to留意,处理 pay attent

13、ion to. get down to . stick to; get accustomed to ; look forward to（4） “what how about + v-ing ”常用来征询看法,意为“.怎么样 ？可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_eg: What about going on a picnic.（5） 有些动词后跟不定式 与动名词的意义差别较大,高考出 现频率较大：forgetto do sthrememberto do sthdoing sthdoing sthregretto do sth doing sthstopto do sth doing

14、 sthmeanto do sthtryto do sth 努力 试图做 sth doing sthdoing sth 尝试做某事 go onto do sthcan t helpto do sth doing sth （ with sth）doing sth【注】： remember, forget, regret 后跟 doing 与跟 having done 的意思一 样.（6） 动名词的复合结构：动名词的前面可以有自己的 规律主语构成动名词的复合结构.其结构由物主代词或人称代词（宾语）、名词全部格或一般格加 动名词构成, 在句子开头必需用名词全部格或物主代词.eg:Tom s doin

15、g sth可作主、 宾、表His doing sth Tom doing sth可作主、表Him doing sthModule 3 My First Ride on a TrainGrammar 1:动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词作定语表示被动或完成,或 两者兼而有之eg: a respected teachera broken cup不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示完成的含 义eg： He is a retired worker.V-ed 形式的分 词形容词作定语说明所修饰的名词的状态,无被动的含义,是一个形容词（1） 作定语 eg： a surprised lookdisapointe

16、d children过去分词可以和形容 词或副词一起构成合成形容 词一起做前置定 语eg: a highly-developed industrya widely-usedlanguage过去分词短语作后置定 语放在所修 饰词的后面, 规律上相当于一个被动的定语从句eg: It is a book which is recommended by the teacher. Many people who wereinvited to the party were famous scientists.（2） 作表语：表示主 语的特点或所 处的状态eg:The door remained locke

17、d.（3） 作补语：过去分词（一般是及物 动词的）表示被 动或完成,有 时兼而有之,作 宾补得过去分词与宾语之间有规律上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的承担者或 对象.eg:She found the door broken when she came in.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_（4） 作状语:修饰谓语动词 分词动作与主语之间常构成规律上的动宾关系,即被 动关系.过去分词作状语,意义上相当于状语从句,表示缘由、 时间、条件、相伴、让步、方式等.表条件： eg：Given more attention , the trees could have grown bet

18、ter.表时间：eg:Asked many times , I told him the secret.表相伴：eg:The teacher came in, followed by his students.表让步; eg:Shown many times , he couldn t operate the machine on his own.表方式： eg：She was in tears as if deeply moved by the film.Grammar 2:一般过去时可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_表示过去发生的动作或存在的 状态, 常 与 yesterda

19、yin1996twoyears agolastmonththedaybefore yesterdaythe other day等表示 过去的时间状语连 用一般 表示 过去一段 时间内经 常或反 复发过 生 的 行 为 , 常 与 every 去 dayoftensometimes 等时间状 语连时 用,“used to动+ 词原形”或“would+动词原形 ”常用来表示过去常常或反 复发生的行为.1、The great wall came into being in 221B.C2、She suddenly fell illin the classroom the other day.3、Mr

20、. Jackson came to china a score of years ago.4、A thief broke into his house and stole his treasure last night.1、When I was in the factory, I often worked in the workshop.2、He usually came to school by bike last year. 3、We used to get up at five every morning when we were at school.4、We would ask him

21、 for advice when we had trouble with our English.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_表示过去发生的一连串动作.The professor put one fingerinhis mouth,tasted it, and smiled with satisfaction.1、He said he would let us know if he got any可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_在时间、条件、方式让步状语从 句中用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作.news.2、He promised that he would

22、buy some copies for us when he went there.3、She said she would write to us soon as shearrived at Beijing.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Module 4 A social Survey My neighbourhoodGrammar：现在完成 时可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_表示 过去发生或已 经完成的某一 动作对现1、-Have you had your lunch yet.-Yes, I have. I have just had it.现在不饿了可编

23、辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_在造成的影 响或结果.2、I have already posted the parcel包.裹已不在我 这里可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_表示过去已经开头,连续到现在的 动作或状态,可以和表示 从过去某一 时刻延 续到现在（包括 “现在”在内）的一段 时间内 的状语连用：nowjusttodaythismor现ningthismonththis yearforsinceallthe在time与完Alreadynevereverjust1、I haven t seen her these daysfor a long time. 2

24、、Have you returned the book today.3、I ve known Li Lei for over 3 years.since he came here. since 10 years ago.4、He has lived heresince 1980since yesterday.since last year. ever sincethen.1、I have never seen such an inspiring film before. 2、Tom has done his homework already.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_成y

25、etsofaruptothe presentup tillnowin时the pastlast few years等状语连用.与 forduringinwithinov er 引导的时间状语连用,表示从过去的某一行为始终连续到现在.表示反 复或习惯 性的动 作 , 与several timesoncetwicethree timesfrequently等 频度副词连用.在“最高 级+名词”或在“这是第几次 ”之后跟定于从句,从句用现在完成时.表示 从过 去到 现在没现有发生的动作.用在时间、条件状语从在句中,表示从句动作先于主句 动作之前已完完成.在现在完成时中,终止成 动词如于 forsin

26、ce 等时连续状语连 用,需把终止动词变为 be 动词等的适当形式.如： diebe dead join-be infallill-be illfinish beoverleave/gobeawaybegin beonmakefriendsbe friends become-beget ready-bereadybuy get/havemarrybe marriedtoborrow keeparrive/getto/reach/come bein/beat/stay dressbedressedin put onhave on/wearmeetstay together3、I haven t

27、seen him so far.4、-Have you ever been to Beijng.-NO ,I have never been there5、Up till now we h aven t seen the film. 6、He has recently come from New York.1、We have discussed the topic for the last 3 week.2、They have made rapid progress during the past few years. 3、-Have you seen any Austrians pass b

28、y here.-Not within the last days.4、I haven t seen him in the recent years. 1、I haven t watched him several times.2、He has been to London twice.3、I have seen the film three times.1、This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 2、It is the second time that you have been here.3、This is the f

29、irst time that I have visited you country.1、He hasn tecalned the room for 10 days.2、They haven t heard from him for a score of years.1、I will give my opinion after I have read through the book. 2、We ll set out at once if the rain has stopped.3、I ll tell him after you haveeflt.1、He arrived in China i

30、n 19905 years ago. 2、He has arrived in China.3、he has been in china since 1990for five years. 4、It is 5 years since he has arrived in china.5、 she has left school for 15 years. She has been away from school for 15 years. 6、 She has married Jack since 1965.She has been married to Jack since 1965.7、bo

31、rrowed the novel for several days. I haveKept the novel for several days.8、 he has been in the army for 5 years.He has joined the army for 5 year.s可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_现表示 过去某一 时刻开 1、He is ill .He has been lying in bed for three weeks.动 作会连续可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_在 始的 动作始终延 续到完 现在,甚至将来（强调成 进行的过程

32、）进行时始终到 现在为止的一段时间内 一再反 复进行的动作.下去2、She is very tired .She has been typing letters all day.3、Where have you been. He has been waiting for you all this morning.动作刚刚结 束1、Allthese years they have been contributing articles to our magazine.2、Jim has been phoning Jenny every might for several weeks.可编辑资料 -

33、 - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Module 5 A Lesson in a LabGrammar：形容词和副词的比较级英语中的形容 词和副词常有三种形式来表达事物的等 级差别,分别是原级、比较级和最高级.大部分的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级是通过变化词尾来实现的, 属于规章变化,但也有少 数是不规章变化.（一） 规章变化1. 单音节词 在词尾加-er 构成比较级,加-est 构成最高级.以-e 结尾的单音节词直接加 -r 和-st ;以辅音字母结尾 且前边只有一个元音字母的, 双写最终一个辅音字母,再加 - er 和 -esthard- harder -hardestlate - late

34、r - latesthot - hotterhottest2. 双音节词 和多音节词的比较级和最高级（1）以辅音字母+ y 结尾的双音节形容词,把 y 变为 i .再加 -er 和 esthappy - happierhappiest（2） 其他的 双音节词和多音节词大都在前 边加 more 和 most 构成比较级和最高级exact - more exact - most exactwarmly -more warmly -most warmly【注】：以-ly 结尾的副词,除了 early 外,其他均使用 more / most 构成比较级和最高级（3） 有少数几个双音节词以及以 -er

35、及-le 结尾的词,可以有 两种比较级和最高级形式common - commoner / more common -commonest / most common often -oftener / more often -oftenest / more oftenclever- -cleverer / more clever - cleverest / most cleversimple - simpler / more simple - simplest / most simple【注】：像 unhappy 这样的以-y 结尾的双音节形容词的反义词,其比较级和最高 级形式有两种：unhapp

36、ier/moreunhappy - unhappiest / most unhappy（二）不 规章变化原级比较级最高级goodwellbetterbestmanymuchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolder（年龄、新旧、血缘）oldestelder （ 仅指血缘）eldestbadillworseworstfarfarther （仅指距离）further（指距离或程度）farthest furthestlatelater （ 较迟的,后来）的）latest （最新的, 最晚【注】：older, oldest 指年龄的大小关系,而 elder , eldest 指兄妹

37、之 间的长幼关系.older, oldest 既可以作定语仍以作表语,而 elder , eldest只可用 来作定语.farther ,farthest 多指详细的距离.而 further,furthest多指程度上 “进一步”等抽象意 义.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_（三）形容 词和副词等级的用法1. 原级比较的用法（ 1）在确定句中用 “ as +原级 +as”的结构 eg: My handwriting is as good as yours .She could do as well as a man .（2）在否定句中,用 “not so / as原+ 级+ a

38、s的”结构可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_eg: I didnt do my homework so /as carefully as you .I am not so / as busy as i used to be .【注】：假如第一 个 as后的形容 词作定语修饰名词,应当将形容词和名词一起放在第一 个 as的后面eg: We have produced as many computers as we did last year .I dont make as much money as you do.2. 比较级 的用法（1） 当甲大于乙 时,用 “比较级+than

39、”表示. 当甲小于乙 时,用“not+ 比较级 + than ”或“less+ 原级+than”表示eg: Robertjumps higher than any of the others .She doesnt work harder than you（ do ）. I look less young than you （do）.【注】：在此类表示比较的结构中应当留意防止和包括自身的 对象进行比较any other + 单数名词all the other + 复数名词比较级 + than +anyone elseany of the other +复数名词留意在使用比 较等级时被比较内容的

40、对等性Her voice is as sweet as a bird（. 错误）Her voice is as sweet as that（=the voice ） of a bird .（正确）（2） 比较级的一些特殊用法“比较级 + and + 比较级”表示事物本身程度的逐 渐增长,意为“越来越.”.The city is becoming more and more beautiful .“ the +比较级. , the +比较级. ”.表示一方的程度 随着另一方程度的平行增 长,意为“越.就越.”.The more you learn , the more you know . th

41、e + 比较级 + of the two + n.（复数） The taller of the two boys is my brother . “more +原级 + than 表”示“与其说.倒不如 说. ”.She is more shy than cold .no more than 与 not more than 的用法She spent no more than（=only：不过,仅仅 ,表示少的意思） 50 dollars on the coat. She spent not more than（不超 过,表示客 观的数量） 50 dollars on the coat . “c

42、an / could not +比较级”表示最高 级的意义I couldnt agree more . The idea sounds great to me .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_ “can / could no（tnever , hardly .） + .+ too / enough表示“”再.也不 过分.越.越好”.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_You cant be too careful （. I cant thank you enough （. 倍数的表达法你越认真越好.） 我感谢不 尽.）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料

43、_Your school is four times the size of ours . Your school is four times as big as ours .Your school is three times bigger than ours .Your school is four times what our school is .（你们学校是我们学校的 4 倍大.）【注】：比较的范畴：假如比 较的范畴不一样,表达方式也不一 样可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_省略.China is larger than any other country in Asi

44、a.（比较的范畴一样） China is larger than any country in African .（比较的范畴不一样）留意比较结构中的省略 现象：由于日常交 际的需要,在彼此都明白的 场合中,比 较对象往往I had never spent a more worrying day . （后面省略了 than that ）The piano in the other shop will be cheaper , but not as good（. 省略了 as the one in this shop）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_【注】:这种省略现象的比较级结构 是历年高考常考的 内容, 应加以留意.3. 最高级的用法：最高 级表示在三者或三者以上中程度最高的比 较方式（1）the + 最高级 + （名词） + 比较范畴的短语或从句China is the