2021-2022学年北京市重点中学高一上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）.docx

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1、2021-2022学年北京市重点中学高一上学期期中考试英语试第I卷（共75分）L听力理解（共三节，22.5分）第一节：（共4小题；每题1.5分，共6分）听下面四段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项。每段对话你将听一遍。1. What does the man think the weather will be like in the afternoon?A. Cloudy. B. Rainy. C. Sunny.2. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a restaurant. B

2、. In a cinema.C. In a supermarket.3. Why did the man leave his previous job?A. To study further. B. To get experience. C. To find a new job.4. Why does the woman make the phone call?A. To book a service. B. To ask about a delivery. C. To arrange a meeting.第二节：（共6小题；每题1.5分，共9分）听下面三段对话，每段对话后有两道小题，从每题所

3、给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项。每段对话你将听两遍。听第5段材料，回答第5至第6小题。5. What is the woman?A. A bus driver.B. A college student. C. A shop assistant.6. How much will the woman save with a discount?A. 50 dollars. B. 30 dollars. C. 20 dollars.听第6段材料，回答第7至第8小题。7. Which age group can apply for the holiday English courses?A. 1

4、0 to 13. B. 13 to 16. C. 16 to 19.8. Why are the teenagers put with the English families?A. To have them better follow college rules.B. To help them reduce their living expenses.C. To give them more chances to learn English.听第7段材料，回答第9至第10小题。9. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. What make

5、s a film great.B. Which film they prefer.feel that the benefits of social networking sites outweigh the possible negative sides. Many people, especially those who spend a lot of time at home, for various reasons, find the Internet a lifeline. They are able to communicate with many people using these

6、 sites.Perhaps the key to this new communication style is self-control and common sense. If someone spends all of his time on the Internet, and never actually sees friends face to face, that seems like an unhealthy way to live. But if someone spends time on the Internet, some of which is spent arran

7、ging meetings fbr real time together, then it seems almost complementary （互补的）.Balance is the key to keeping communication alive and well in the 21st century.23. Which of the following ideas may Himanshu Tyagi agree with?A. Social networking sites harm people of all ages.B. The Internet weakens youn

8、g peoples relationships.C. The use of the Internet improves peoples immune system.D. The online world pushes people to live a faster and better life.24. What is Dr. Aric Sigmans major concern about using social networking sites?A. It will stop the face-to-face interaction.B. It reduces the self-este

9、em of young adults.C. It may cause some serious health problems.D. It makes people feel less connected with others.25. What does the underlined word outweigh“ in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Are greater than.B. Are heavier than.C. Are more effective than.D. Are more difficult than.26. Which of the f

10、ollowing shows the development of ideas in this passage?CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point（次要点）C: Conclusion【答案】23.B24. C 25. A 26. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了社交网站改变人类沟通方式的好处和弊端，并强 调了平衡两者关系的重要性。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中 “Tyagi says that these people use the Internet to communicate with others so much t

11、hat they may have trouble forming real relationships. Tyagi is concerned that people may start and end relationships over the Internet. （Tyagi 说，这些人使用 Internet 与他人进行交 流太多，以至于他们可能难以建立真正的关系。Tyagi担忧人们可能会通过Internet建立和终 止关系）”可知，Himanshu Tyagi可能同意互联网削弱了年轻人的关系这个观点。应选B项。 【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中 “The results of

12、his study suggest that, without real personal interaction, the body does not react the same way it would if people were meeting face to face. As a result, immune responses, even hormone levels, can be changed. These changes may lead to the development of illnesses, such as cancer.（他的研究结果说明，如果没有真正的个人

13、互动，人体 的反响就不会像人们面对面时那样。结果可以改变免疫反响，甚至激素水平。这些变化可能 导致疾病的开展，例如癌症）”可知，Dr. Aric Sigman担忧的是使用社交网站可能会导致一 些严重的健康问题。应选C项。【25题详解】词义猜想题o 根据第四段中 “ Despite these warnings, studies can be found that show the positive sides of social networking sites. The results of one study show that using social networking sites

14、has increased the self-esteem （自尊心、）of young adults. Another suggests that college students using these sites feel more connected with people when they use them.（尽管有这些坏处，但研究表 明社交网站的积极方面。一项研究的结果说明，使用社交网站提高了年轻人的自尊心。另一 个说明，使用这些网站的大学生在使用这些网站时会感觉与他们之间的联系更多）”可知， 此处说明使用社交网站的益处大于弊端。由此推知，划线词意为“超过”。应选A项。【26题详

15、解】推理判断题。根据第一段中 “But results of recent scientific studies may have us reconsider just how much our new communication forms have changed our world.（但是， 最近和1 学研究的结果 可能使我们重新考虑新的交流形式已经改变了我们的世界）”是总述句也是文章的主旨句。 第二段中 “Himanshu Tyagi, warned that communicating on social networking sites could have a negative

16、effect on the generation of people born after 1990. （Himanshu Tyagi 警告说，在社交网 站上进行交流可能会对1990年以后出生的人产生负面影响）”可知，这是分论点之一。第三 段中 “He suggests that the reduction in the amount of time we spend interacting （互动交流）with people face to face could have biological effects on the human body.（彳也说明减少我们与人面对面 互动所花费的时间

17、，可能会对人体产生生物上的影响）”是支持分论点一。结合Despite these warnings, studies can be found that show the positive sides of social networking sites.（尽管 有这些坏处，但研究说明社交网站的积极方面）”可知，这是分论点之二。同时，第四段中 u Another suggests that college students using these sites feel more “connected” with people when they use them.（另一个说明，使用这些网站的大

18、学生在使用这些网站时会感觉与他们之 间的联系更多）”支持分论点二。根据最后一段中uBut if someone spends time on the Internet, some of which is spent arranging meetings for “real” time together, then it seems almost complementary （互补的）.Balance is the key to keeping communication alive and well in the 21st century.（但是，如果有人花时间在Internet上，其中一些花

19、在安排面对面交流，那么似乎是 可以互补的。寻求平衡是在21世纪保持沟通畅通无阻的关键因素）”可知，此句是对文章的 总结。D项行文结构符合文章行文脉络。应选D项。DAt the heart of psychology is understanding behavior, and understanding behavior has much to do with understanding the brain. Neuroscientists （神经系统禾斗学家）have become more efficient at mapping the brain and have gained mor

20、e understanding of how the brain develops and works. Truly, differences in behavior as we age and between genders, are most likely explained by the physical state of and changes in our brains.Around the age of 12 it is believed that the areas of the brain that are used most will be strengthened and

21、cells in the brain that are not used tend to die. What you do with your brain in your teen years probably decides how your brain will work for the rest of your life. If a teen spends endless hours watching TV, the neural connections that help the brain process TV are what will be strengthened. It is

22、 clear, therefore, that how young people spend their time is of great importance.Surprisingly, and different from earlier beliefs, the brain is still developing even in the early twenties. Areas of the brain that are related to emotion, decision making, reasoning, and problem solving are still not f

23、ully developed. This may go some way toward explaining why car accident rates in young people are significantly higher than those among older people. Young people dont have the necessary skills to make complex judgments while driving.There are also differences in the way brains develop when it comes

24、 to gender. It appears that girls are ready to process more challenging information earlier than boys, with the area of the brain responsible for this activity peaking at the age of 14 to 16 in boys, a full two years later than girls. In addition, studies have shown that girls and boys process langu

25、age input in different parts of their brains. Girls typically tend to do better than boys in language, which means that they have more brain matter responsible for language skills.This kind of research raises important questions about how boys and girls should be taught in school to maximize （使最大化）t

26、heir learning. For example, the idea of single-sex education should perhaps be taken into consideration. Experts say that we would do well to revisit the timing of the subjects taught in school, as some parts of the brain develop before others. Additionally, what we understand about the teenage brai

27、n should perhaps be taken into consideration when laws are being made with regard to the minimum (最低的)driving age.27. According to the passage, young people are more likely to have car accidents because. A. they fail to realize the importance of skillsthey dont have the necessary skills in drivingce

28、rtain areas in their brains are not fully developedtheir brains tend to be influenced by their emotions28. What can we learn from the passage?A. Earlier beliefs show the brain is still developing in the early twenties.B. Girls are better at language because they are devoted to language learning.C Ho

29、w people spend their time when theyre teenagers affects their future life.D. Gender makes no difference when it comes to the physical state of the brain.29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that.A. single-sex education may benefit teenagersthe time when school starts should be put offlawma

30、kers will lower the minimum driving agethe number of subjects in school might be changed30. Which would be the best title for this passage?A. Age and the BrainB. Genders and the BrainC. Mapping the BrainD. The Developing Brain【答案】27.C28. C 29. A 30. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人类的大脑在不断的开展。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据原

31、文第三段 “Areas of the brain that are related to emotion, decision making, reasoning, and problem solving are still not fully developed. This may go some way toward explaining why car accident rates in young people are significantly higher than those among older people.可知，大脑中与情感、决策、推理论证和问题解决有关的大脑区域尚未发育完

32、全， 这可以解释为何年轻人的交通事故发生率显著高于中老年人。C选项“大脑中的某些区域尚 未发育完全”符合原文。完成题目时应注意排除干扰项B,第三段最后一句提到年轻人缺乏 的是驾驶时做出复杂判断的必要能力(make complex judgments while driving),而不是缺乏 驾驶的必要能力，B选项偷换概念。综上应选C。【28题详解】推理判断题。原文第二段举了 12岁左右的青少年看电视的例子，并明确指出“What you do with your brain in your teen years probably decides how your brain will work

33、for the rest of your life.（在青少年时期你用你的大脑干什么很可能会决定余下的一生你的大脑是如何运转 的），文中提到如果青少年没完没了地看电视，那么大脑中与此有关的细胞就会活跃兴旺， 其它局部会退化，并总结道 “It is clear, therefore, that how young people spend their time is of great importance”，因此，年轻人怎样花他们的时间（对他们的未来开展、未来生活）十分 重要。由此判断出，人们在青少年时期如何打发时间会影响他们未来的生活。应选C。【29题详解】推理判断题。此题问的是从最后一段可以

34、推断出什么，在倒数第二段文章提到男女性别不同， 大脑开展规律有别，最后一段进一步说这样的研究提出了一个问题一一即学校应该如何教育 男孩和女孩最大限度地提高他们的学习能力？紧接着作者举了例子“For example, the idea of single-sex education should perhaps be taken into consideration.?（例如,男女分开、因才施策 的点子或许应该被纳入考虑），结合前文的内容可合理推断，这里的“纳入考虑”正是基于 这种教育或许对青少年有益，由此推断出分男女的教育对青少年有益，应选A。【30题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一

35、段Neuroscientists （神经系统科学家）have become more efficient at mapping the brain and have gained more understanding of how the brain develops and works. Truly, differences in behavior as we age and between genders, are most likely explained by the physical state of and changes in our brains.可知，神经科学家在绘制大脑图谱

36、方面变得更加高效，对大脑的发育和运作有了 更多的了解。确实，随着年龄的增长和性别的差异，很可能是由我们大脑的生理状态和变化 来解释的。D选项“不断开展中的大脑”适合做标题。应选D。第II卷（共65分）I.选词填空（共7小题；每题2分，共14分）选词填空contribution； confident ； relieve； inspire； independent； attract； satisfactionIt is very important for college students to learn to live and manage time appropriately.31. Thi

37、s is the most place Fve been to. Im expecting the next visit.32. Zhong Nanshan won the highest honor of the country because he had made great .33. This medicine can provide from pain for those who suffer from headache.34. Pauls experience was definitely and many teens followed his example.35. Natura

38、lly, shy people might not have enough to start up conversations with strangers.36. The coach seems quite with the players wonderful performance in the competition.【答案】31. independentlyattractivecontributionsrelief 35. inspiring36. confidencesatisfied【解析】31题详解】考查副词。句意：对于大学生来说，学会独立生活和合理管理时间是非常重要的。由man

39、age time叩propriately”可知，句子表示“对于大学生来说，学会独立生活和合理管理时间是非 常重要的”，空格处意为“独立地”，用副词修饰动词live,是independently,故填 independently o【32题详解】考查形容词。句意：这是我去过的最有吸引力的地方。我期待着下一次的拜访。由“Im expecting the next visit可知，我期待着下一次的拜访，说明这个地方很有吸引力，空格处 是“有吸引力的”，用形容词作定语,是attractive,故填attractive。【33题详解】考查名词。句意：钟南山因为做出了巨大的贡献而获得了国家的最高荣誉。根据

40、常识可知， 钟南山因为做出了巨大的贡献而获得了国家的最高荣誉，空格处是“贡献”，是contribution, 前面无冠词，空格处用复数，make contributions to为固定搭配，故填contributionso【34题详解】考查名词。句意：这种药能减轻头痛的人的疼痛。由“This medicine和from pain”可知， 句子表示“药能减轻头痛的人的疼痛”，空格处是“减轻”，用名词作宾语，是relief,是 不可数名词，故填relief。【35题详解】考查形容词。句意：保罗的经历绝对鼓舞人心，许多青少年都以他为典范。由“many teens followed his examp

41、le可知，保罗的经历绝对鼓舞人心，空格处是“鼓舞人心的”，用形容 词作表语，是inspiring, 故填inspiring。【36题详解】考查名词。句意：当然，害羞的人可能没有足够的信心开始与陌生人交谈。由shy people 和“to start up conversations with strangers可知，句子表示“害羞的人可能没有足够的信心 开始与陌生人交谈”，空格处是“信心”，用名词作宾语，是confidence,不可数，故填 confidence o【37题详解】考查形容词。句意：教练似乎对队员们在比赛中的出色表现很满意。由wonderful performance可知，句子表

42、示“教练似乎对队员们在比赛中的出色表现很满意”，空格处是 “满意的”，用形容词作表语,是satisfied, be satisfied with是固定短语。故填satisfied。IL语法填空（共10小题；每题1分，共10分）在未给提示词的空白处填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所 给词的正确形式填空。37. They reached an island is famous for a variety of plants.（用适当的词填空）【答案】which/that【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们到达了一个以各种植物而闻名 岛屿。分析句子结构, is famous fo

43、r a variety of plants.是一个定语从句，an island是先行词，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以由关系代词which/that引导定语从句。故填which/that。38. Zhang Tian（graduate） from university and got a teachers5 certificate last year.（所 给词的适当形式填空）【答案】graduated【解析】【详解】考查谓语动词时态。句意：张天去年大学毕业，并获得了教师资格证书。由句中的 last year可知，该句表述过去的事实，应使用一般过去时。且主语与谓语为主动关系。故填 gra

44、duated oThis is the scientist achievements are well known.（用适当的词填空）【答案】whose【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是那位成就众所周知的科学家。分析句子结构可知，空 处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是scientist,指人，关系词在定语从句中作定语修饰名 词achievements,表示所属关系,意为“的”，所以空处需用关系代词whose引导定语 从句。故填whose。39. is difficult if you put your heart into it.（用适当的词填空）【答案】Nothing【解析】【详解】

45、考查代词。句意：世上无难事，只要肯登攀。根据句意可知，这里用复合不定代词 代词nothing作主语。故填NothingoThe experts are trying their best to find out ways（solve） the problem.（所给词 的适当形式填空）【答案】to solve【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：专家们正在尽力寻找解决这个问题的方法。分析句子可知，“（solve） the problem.” 作定语修饰 ways, way to do sth.表示“做某事的方法”，用不定式作定语，故填t。solve。40. My friend has made

46、 fantastic progress in English will give us some tips onEnglish learning.（用适当的词填空）【答案】who/that【解析】【分析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我的一位在英语上取得了巨大进步的朋友将给我们一些学习 英语的建议。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是my friend,指 人,关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词who/that引导定语从句。故填 who/that o（protect） the endangered animals, the government has set up

47、 some nature reserves. （所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】To protect【解析】【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：为了保护濒危动物，政府已经建立了一些自然保护区。分 析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词has set up,且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动 词作状语，此处表示为了保护濒危动物，所以空处需用动词不定式作目的状语，句首单词首 字母需大写。故填To protect。41. In the last few years, many high-speed rail systems（build） in China.（所给词的 适当形式填空）答案have been bui

48、lt【解析】【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的几年中，中国建造了许多高速铁路系统。根据句 中时间状语In the last few years可知，应用现在完成时。主语high-speed rail systems与build 之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填have been built。42. Dr. Smith said he（give） a speech on how to reduce stress the next week.（所给 词的适当形式填空）【答案】would give【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：史密斯博士说他下周要做一个关于如何减轻压力的演讲。由主句 谓语动词said可知，空处宾语从句的谓语动词需用过去的某种时态，根据时间状语the next week可知，空处谓语动词需用过去将来时：would do,表示过去看将要发生的动作。故填would giveoThe Dragon Boat Festival（celebrate） on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.（所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】is celebrated【解析】【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：端午节是在农历五月初五。由on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month可知时态是一般现在时，