2022年高中英语语法精讲独立主格结构 .docx
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1、精品_精品资料_高中英语语法精讲第八章独立主格结构非谓语动词作状语时,它的规律主语应当是句子的主语.但有时非谓语动词带有自己的 主 语 , 从 而 在 结 构 上 与 主 语 不 发 生 关 系 , 我 们 称 之 为 独 立 主 格 结 构 Absolute Construction .其实,所谓 “独立主格结构 ”也并非真正独立,它仍是一种从属的结构.一、非谓语动词独立主格结构在独立主格结构中,非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着规律上的主谓关系.Such an able man to help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.有这
2、么能干的人来帮你,你迟早肯定会胜利的.such an able man 和 to help you 之间存在着主谓关系= Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later. He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.他在书桌旁坐好后,他母亲开头给他讲故事. seating himself at the desk 拥有了自己的规律主语 he,留意是 “主格 ”= When he seated hi
3、mself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story. The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school.由于丢了自行车钥匙,他只好步行去学校.lost 的规律主语是 the key,lost 也可以用完成式 having been lost = Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school.A. 不定式 “独立主格结构 ”在“规律主语 +动词不定式 ”结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着
4、规律上的主谓关系.这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达.1. 动词不定式用主动的形式在独立主格结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着规律上的主谓关系.His mother to come tonight , he is busy preparing the dinner.他母亲今晚要来 ,他正在忙着预备饭菜. = As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner. will you go to the concert tonight你今晚去听音乐会吗? Sorry. So many exercise-bo
5、oks to check, I really cant afford any time.对不起,有这多的作业要批,我真的抽不出时间. Because I shall check so many exercise-books tonight, I really cant afford any time.The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.我们四人同意分工干,每人翻译全书的四分之一. The four of us agreed on a division of l
6、abor and each is to translate a quarter of the book.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.种上很多的树, 花和草后, 我们新建的学校将看上去更美.=If many trees, flowers, and grass are planted, our newly-built school will look even more beauti
7、ful.B-ing 形式 “独立主格结构 ”动词的 -ing 形式作状语时,其规律主语一般应与句子的主语保持一样.Being ill, he went home.由于生病 ,他回家了. = As he was very ill, he went home. Seating himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.在课桌旁坐好后,他开头看杂志.= When he had seated himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.1. 表示时间的 -ing 形式作 “独立主格结构 ”Ev
8、eryone being ready, the teacher began his class.每个人都预备好后,老师开头上课.相当于一个时间状语从句When everyone was readyThe chairman began the meeting , everyone being seated.每个人坐好后, 主席开头开会. 相当于一个时间状语从句after everyone was seated2表示缘由的 -ing 形式作 “独立主格结构 ”The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. 由
9、那个男孩带路, 我们没有困难就找 到了那古怪的洞.相当于一个缘由状语从句Because the boy led the wayMany eyes watc hing him, he felt a bit nervous. 很多眼睛看着他, 他感到有点儿紧急. 相当于一个缘由状语从句As many eyes were watching him 必背:含有 being 的独立主格结构.It being National Day today , the streets are very crowded.今日是国庆节 ,街上很拥挤.= As it is National Day today, the
10、streets are very crowded.There being no further business to discuss, we all went home. 没有别的事可争论, 我们都回家了.= As there was no further business to discuss, we all went home.3. 表示条件的 -ing 形式作 “独立主格结构 ”Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week.时间答应的话,我们下星期将进行一次野炊.相当于一个条件状语从句If time permitsMy health
11、allowing, I will work far into the night.我的健康许可的话, 我愿工作到深夜.相当于一个条件状语从句If my health allows 4. 表示方式的 -ing 形式作 “独立主格结构 ”可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest.同学们欢乐的在学校里走着,每个人胸前都带着一张卡.相当于一个并列分句and each wears a card in front of h
12、is chest The boy lay on the grass, his eyes looking at the sky.男孩躺在草的上,眼睛看着天空.相当于一个并列分句and his eyes were looking at the skyC -ed 形式 “独立主格结构 ”与规律主语 +动词的 -ing 形式一样,假如 -ed 形式的规律主语和句子的主语不一样的话,就需要用 -ed 形式的独立主格结构.The book written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it.该书是用简洁英语写的,英语初学者也能
13、看懂.= As the book was written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it. The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.由于工人们的生活条件大大提高,他们工作得更起劲了.= As their living conditions were greatly improved, the workers worked still harder. He was listening attentively
14、 in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课用心听讲,眼睛紧盯着黑板.= He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard. The task completed, he had two months leave.任务完成以后,他休了两个月的假.=When the task had been completed, he had two months leave.比较:动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生,动词 -ed 形式表示动作已经
15、终止, 动词 -ing形式往往表示动作正在进行.The manager looks worried ,many things to settle. 经理看上去很焦急 ,有这么多的事情要处理.事情仍没有处理,而且是由经理本人来处理,用不定式to settleThe manager looks relaxed, many things settled. 很多事情已经处理好了,经理看上去很轻松.事情已经处理好了,用动词-ed 形式 settled 表示动作已经终止The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV.小孩一边做饭,一边看电视.两个动作同时进行T
16、he food cooked, the boy went to bed.饭做好了,小孩去睡了.两个动作有先后, 饭已做好,小孩才去睡觉的二、动词独立主格结构“规律主语 +being+其他 ”是独立主格结构中的 “逻 辑主语 +动词 -ing 形式 ”的一种形式. 在这种结构中, being 往往可以被省去,这种省去being 的结构,称之为无动词“独立主格结构 ”.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_A 规律主语 +名词Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of 12.十个同学报名参与了这次竞赛,年
17、纪最小的是个12 岁的男孩.the youngest 和 a boy of 12之间省去了 being留意:独立主格结构中的being 在以下两种情形下一般不能省略,一是在“ There being +名词 ”结构中,二是在规律主语是代词的情形下.There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车,我们只好走回家.It being Sunday, all the offices are closed.由于是星期日,全部办公室都关门.B 规律主语 +形容词He turned to me, his eyes sleepy.他睡眼惺忪的转向我.his
18、eyes 和 sleepy 之间省去了being= He turned to me, and his eyes were sleepy. He stood there, his mouth wide open.他站在那里,嘴张得大大的.his mouth 和 wide open 之间省去了 being= He stood there, and his mouth was wide open. C规律主语 +副词School over, we all went home.放学了,我们都回家了.school 和 over 之间省去了being= School was over, and we al
19、l went home. He sat at his desk, his shoes off.他坐在课桌旁,没穿鞋子.his shoes 和 off 之间省 去了 being= He sat at his desk and his shoes were off. D 规律主语 +介词短语He is standing in front of the blackboard, his back towards us.他站在黑板面前,背对着我们.= He was standing in front of the blackboard, and his back was towards us. The
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