【精品】2022届高考英语二轮复习定语从句导学案.docx

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1、2022届高考英语二轮复习：定语从句导学案一、定语从句的基本定义1 .定语从句：什么时候用？当想翻译成”.的、修饰一个名词的时候，不能用一个形容词或者介词短语翻 译，那就用一个句子翻译。这个句子就是定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词 之后。2 .先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3 .关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。4 .关系词通常有以下三个作用：A.引导定语从句；B.代替先行词；C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。定语从句的基本结构：先行词+关系词+从句基础知识回顾：1. The teachers who/that are present at our class are all e

2、xperienced teachers.出席我们班的老师都是有经验的老师。2. The teacher (who/whom/that) you want to see is coming.你想见的那个老师来了。3. Yao Hui is the boy whose English study is very good in our class.姚辉是我们班英语学得很好的那个男孩。4. Our class is a big family which /that consists of 12 girls and 50 boys.我们班是一个由12个女孩和50个男孩组成的大家庭。5. This is

3、 the factory (which/that) we visited last year.6. He has a book whose cover is very beautiful.7. The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.8. The school where we are studying is very famous.9. The reason why he was late was that he missed his train.10. As we all

4、 know, our school is 50 years old11. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.关系词先行词充当成分关系代词关系副词4、定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成局部，主句和 从句之间不用逗号隔开引导词：关系代词和关系副 词，作宾语时一些关系代词可 以省略非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这 种从句不影响主句意思完整.一般用 逗号把主句和从句分开引导词：who,whom,whose,which,of which,when,where 等，不用 that,

5、不能省略1、Toronto is a city （that） Tve always wanted to visit.限制性定语从句2、She said she had finished her work, which I doubted very much.非限制性定语从句3、She failed in the exam, which made her upset.非限制性定语从句二、定语从句要点分类讲练1、that/which用法区别 1） This is the first composition he has ever written in English. 2） This is the

6、 longest bridge I have ever seen. 3） All glitters is not gold. 4） They talked of things and persons happened in the school. 5） Who is the man came this morning?归纳（以上练习只是列举小局部，请多读以下内容）以下定语从句只能用that来引导：1）先行词为形容词最高级所修饰2）先行词为序数词所修饰3）先行词既包括人又包括物4）主句是who或which开头的特殊疑问句中的定语从句5）先行词为the only, the very, the la

7、st, the same所修饰的定语从句6） 先行词是 everything, nothing, something, all, little, much,等不定代词7）先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little, much 修饰时8）在there be开头的句子中不用that的情况1 .在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人2在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人:介词+which (指物)，介 词+ Whom (指人)3 .先行词后有插入语时4 .先彳亍词为 those, one, he,

8、anyone someone ,everyone,时多用 who2、Whose既可以指人，又可指物，在定语从句中做定语，表示“人的”“物的”The room window faces south is min已窗户朝南的那个房间是我的。(2) I once lived in a house roof has fallen in.我曾经住在屋顶倒塌的一个房子里。whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替：可用of which代替，但语序不同，即 whose+名词=the+名词+of which,或=of which + the + 名词。(3)The classroom whose door is b

9、roken will soon be repaired.=The classroom is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom is broken will soon be repairedDo you like the book whose cover is yellow?二Do you like the book is yellow?=Do you like the book is yellow?3、介词+关系词(难点)1)看定语从句中动词、形容词与介词的搭配，形成动词短语或形容词短语Trading leather shoes is th

10、e business the Greens are devoted.交易皮鞋是用力彖族致力的事业。He referred me to some reference books I am not very familiar他让我看一些找不太熟怒的参考书。2)根据先行词的搭配或句意而定The colorless gas we cant live is called oxygen没有了它，我Z无法生存的无色气体叫做氧气。3)局部与整体关系，比拟级或最高级，可以用.。fwhichHe had a lot of friends,would offer help to him when he was in

11、 trouble.他有彳艮多朋 友，有些皈及在他有困难的时候会帮助他。I have many books,was borrowed by Mary.我有很多书，其中最好的是玛丽借的。4、关系代词与关系副词用法区别This is the factory where he worked last year.(缺状语，work 不及物动词)This is the factory which/that he visited last year.(缺宾语,visit 及物动词)领先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的词语时，不一定填关系副词when, where, why,只有当这些词在定语从句中作状语时，才会

12、用关系副词，否那么要用关系代词需注意两点：1 .先行词2 .关系词在从句中充当的成分。关系代词：做主语、宾语、表语、定语 关系副词：做状语学以致用1) On graduation he asked to be sent to the place he was needed .2) I dont believe the reason he gave me.3) The reason she was ill was she ate something had gone bad.4) Can you tell me the reason you didnt finish your homework?

13、5) ril never forget the days I stayed in the countryside.6) ril never forget the days gave me much happiness.7) I still remember the day my brother joined the army.8) I still remember the days we spent together.5、定语从句的谓语(与先行词一致)【特别提示】：关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如:1 .Those who are against th

14、e plan put up your hands.2 .Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday.3 .Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.1) The boys who(be) from America like China very much.2) I, who(be) your best friend, can try my best to help you.3) He is

15、one of the students who(have) been to Beijing.4) He is the only one of the students who(have) been to Beijing.5) Those who(be) against the plan put up your hands.6、aswhich用法区别相同点：as与which引导非限制性定语从句都能指代整句内容不同点：(1) as引导非限制性定语从句常见的搭配，翻译成“正如，which翻译成“这”as we all know / as is known to all 众所周知 as is expe

16、cted 正如所预料的as the saying goes正如俗语所说as is said above正如 以上所述as is reported正如报道的那样 as is often the case这是常有的事(2)领先行词由such, so, the same修饰时，定语从句中缺主语，宾语，表语，只能用as.1)is known to all, he is the best student.2)Jim passed the driving test, surprised everybody in the office.7、way做先行词1) The way he explained the

17、 sentence to us was not difficult to understand.2) I dont like the way you spoke to your mother.3) I dont like the way you thought of.8、一些特殊词之后的wherewhere引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。1) Ive come to the point where I cant stand him.2) The country is in the situation where a war will break out at

18、any time.解析：如果定语从句分别修饰 position, situation, condition ,occasion, point, part, stage 和 case 等表示抽象意义的词，常用where引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。9、比照训练1、定语从句与并列句1) a. I saw some trees, and the leaves of were black with disease.b. I saw some trees, the leaves of were black with disease.2)a. The professor is a littl

19、e man, on the nose of there is a pair of glassesb. The professor is a little man, and on the nose of there is a pair of glasses2、定语从句与名词性从句1) a. He did all he could to help me .b. He did he could to help me .2) a. All can be done has been done.b.can be done has been done.3) a.is known to us all, the

20、 earth turns round the sun.b. It is known to us all Taiwan belongs to China.c.is known to us all is the earth is smaller than the sun.4) a. The news our volleyball team won the match made us excited.b. The news he told me yesterday is exciting.5) a. I made a promise if anyone set me free, I would ma

21、ke him very rich.b. The mother made a promise pleased all her children.The Attributive Clausel (定语从句 1)答案一、定语从句的基本定义关系词先行词充当成分关系代词that人，物主、宾、who人主、宾whom人宾which物主、宾whose人、物定as人、物主、宾关系副词when(=on/in/at. .+which)时间状where(=on/in/at/to.+which)地点状why(=for+which)原因reason状二、定语从句要点分类讲练1. that/which用法区别1) that

22、 2) that 3) that4) that 5) that2. (1) whose (2) whose (3) the door of which, of which the doorthe cover of which, of which the cover3.介词+关系代词1)to which with which 2) without which 3)some of whom(2)the best of which 在“介词+关系代词”中，先行词指人时能用一介词+whom、先行词指物时能用一介词+ which. 4.关系代词与关系副词用法区别1) where 2) (that/whi

23、ch) 3) why; that; that 4) why 5) when6) that/which 7) when 8) (that/which)5. 定语从句的谓语(与先行词一致)1) are 2) am 3) have 4) has 5) are6. aswhich用法区别1) As 2)which7. way做先行词1) that/ in which/省略 2) that/ in which/省略3) that/ which/省略9、比照训练1、定语从句与并列句1) a. them b. which 2) a. whom b. him2、定语从句与名词性从句1) a.(that) b. what 2) a. that b. What3) a.As b. that c. What; that4) a. that b. (that/which) 5) a. that b. that/which