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1、2021年中考英语真题分类汇编之动词的用法一.选择题(共16小题)(2021 武汉)- Larry has changed a lot since he had a baby. Yeah.Being a parent has all his love and sense of duty.()A. taken upB. brought outC. made upD. given out(2021 十堰)When my mother came into my room 1 was just lying in bed and waiting for the alarm to.()A. put off
2、B. take offC. tum offD. go off(2021 湖北)- Jim, please help me the tent.-OK.Im coming.Its exciting to sleep in it tonight.()A. get onB. get offC. pull downD. put up(2021 湖北)-The songs the little girl sings are very sweet.-She a good voice.Nobody taught her.()A. takes care ofB. is similar toC. looks fo
3、rward toD. is bom with(2021 黄冈)- ChinasTianwen 1 probe made a historic landing on Mars last week!-What exciting news!Lets more information about it on the Internet.()A. find outB. hear ofC. shut offD. think about(2021 鄂州)-Why does Linda dislike me?-I dont know.Youll have to the reason yourself.()A.
4、go outB. bring outC. come outD. find out(2021 黄石)- How long may I your magazine?- For one week.But it mustnt to others.A. borrow; lendB. keep; be lentC. lend; be borrowedD. have; lend(2021 湖北)-Would you please what you said?-Sure.I asked you to have a rest.Ils (oo hot today.()【解答】should应该,表推测时往往有一定的
5、依据;will将会:can能;may可以/可能, 表示可能性。根据“Only ten tickets?只有十张票?及Jacky and Tim took two tickets away 杰基和蒂姆拿走了两张票”可知有定的依据,即“应该“有十二张票。应选:Ao【点评】情态动词在句中不受人称、性别、单复数变化的影响,但是要考虑时态,交际 用法等。结合语境,选择正确答案。15. (2021 荆州)- Jack, look at the time. you play the violin ac such a late hour?-Sorry, dear. Ill stop right now. ()
6、A. WillB. CanC. MayD. Must【考点】情态动词.【分析】一杰克,看时间。你一定要在这么晚的时候拉小提琴吗? 一对不起,我将立刻 停止。【解答】will将,can可以,may可以,must表示“偏要”时用于疑问句中(通常含有不 快、不满、心烦、恼火等感情色彩)。根据“such a late hour这么晚的时候”可知含有埋 怨,用musto应选:D.【点评】解答这类试题时,务必充分理解上下文的语境和前后文的逻辑关系,找到解题 的依据,同时正确区分选项的细微差异,准确作答.16. (2021 恩施州)Whose T-shirt is this, Michael?-It not
7、 be inine.Mine is while.()A. needB. canC. must【考点】情态动词.【分析】-迈克尔,这是谁的T恤?-不可能是我的。我的是白色的。【解答】neednl不必,can、不可能,muslnl禁止。根据Mine is white.我的是白色的 可知表示否认猜想。应选:Bo【点评】主要考查的是对句子意思的理解和对情态动词意思的理解 二.词汇应用(共1小题)(2021 随州)从方框中选择适当的单词,并用其适当的形式完成短文,每词只能用一次,每空一词。decide take person do happy that however study from moveHe
8、 Studies Harder Than He Used toLi Wen is a 15 - year - old boy from the countryside.He works very hard and (1) does well in school.Its hard to believe that he used to have difficulties in school.When his parents (2) moved to (he city to work, they could not be at home to take care of him, He missed
9、his parents so much and he often felt lonely and unhappy.Li Wens unhappiness began (o influence his schoolwork.So he became less interested in (3 ) study .Sometimes he was absent (4 ) from classes and failed his examinations.Finally, Li Wens parents made the (5) decision to send him to a boarding sc
10、hool. (6) However , Li Wen was shy and was not able to make friends quickly in school.He found life there difficult.One day, he told his teacher that he wanted to leave the school.His teacher advised his parents to (alk with their son in (7) person .So his parents (8) took a 24 - hour train and 5 -
11、hour bus ride to get to Li Wens schooLThis conversation changed his life.He realized that his parents would always love him, and they would take pride in everjlhing good (9) that he did.Now he is much ( 10) happier and more outgoing than he used to be.【考点】选词填空.【分析】本文讲述了留守儿童李文的变化。李文是农村孩子,原来跟父母一起生活,学
12、习刻苦,成绩很好。后来父母去城市打工,李文成为留守儿童,于是他的学习也变差了。 在老师的建议下,父母从遥远的打工处来到他的学校,跟他谈心,于是他意识到父母仍 然爱他,他开始又快乐活泼起来,成绩也好起来。【解答】(1)does.考查动词。do well in意思是在方面做得好”,故填do的第三人 称单数形式,和前面的works作为并列谓语。句意:他学习很努力,成绩很好。故填does。(2) moved.考查动词。move to意思是搬到某地二主句时态是一般过去时,故从句时 态也是一般过去时。句意:,当他的父母搬到城里去工作时,他们不能在家照顾他。故 填 moved o(3) study.考查名词
13、。根据上文Li Wens unhappiness began to influence his schoolwork, 李文的不快开始影响他的学业”可知他开始对学习不感兴趣。应填名词study作为介词in 的宾语。句意:所以他开始对学习不感兴趣。故填study。(4) from.考查介词。be absent from意思是缺席句意:有时他不上课,考试不及格。故填from。(5) decision.考查名词。make a decision表示做决定” ,decision意思是决定句意: 最终,李文的父母决定送他到寄宿学校。故填decision。(6) However.考查副词。上文”Li Wen
14、s parents made (he (5) to send him to a boarding school李文父母决定送他到寄宿学校和下文“Li Wen was shy and was not able to make friends quickly in school.李文很害羞,不能很快在学校结交朋友”是转折关系,用副词 however表示转折,句意:然而,李文很害羞,不能很快在学校结交朋友。故填However.(7) person.考查名词。根据 “ His teacher advised his parents to talk with their son ” 可知老 师建议他父母
15、亲自来和儿子谈谈,in person亲自。句意:他的老师建议其父母亲自跟自 己的儿子谈谈。故填person。(8) took.考查动词。take+交通工具表示“乘坐”,表示过去发生的事情,谓语动 词用过去式。句意:于是他父母乘坐了 24小时的火车和5小时的公交车到达李文的学校。 故填took.(9) that.考查代词。先行词everything指物,且在从句中作宾语,应用关系代词that来 引导。句意:他们会对他所作的一切好事感到骄傲。故填that。(10) h叩pier.考查形容词。and连接并列成分,more ouigoing是比拟级形式,happy的比 较级是happier。句意:他现
16、在比以前更加快乐和活泼了。故填happier。【点评】首先要通读短文,掌握大意,特别要注意上下文之间的联系,确定某处的需要 的词汇和形式,就可以确定正确答案。三.综合填空(共1小题)(2021 荆门)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的 正确形式(不超过3个单词)。Tea is the leaf of a plant which grows widely in China.lt is our national drink and tea - drinking is one of the daily activities of Chinese people.In Chi
17、na, ( I) when/whenever/if a visitor comes, he is served with a cup of tea.Tea - drinking has (2) a history of over 4 , 000 years. According to Tea Classics by Lu Yu, tea was discovered by Shen Nong, and became a drink in the State of Lu because ofZhou Gong.According to a legend, Shen Nong tasted hun
18、dreds of wild plants (3) lo stop (stop) people from eating poisonous (有毒的) plants.One day, he was poisoned by an unknown plant but (4) was saved (save) by eating leaves of an evergreen plant.Later, people called the leaves that saved his life Cha (tea)Drinking tea docs good to people in many ways.Wh
19、cn people arc tired, they feel better after drinking a cup of tea.Compared with people who dont drink tea, tea drinkers are likely to enjoy a (5) longer (long) life.It is said that drinking tea can also help fat people lose weight.【考点】语法填空.【分析】文章介绍了茶的来历以及它对人们的好处。【解答】(1) when/whenever/if 考查连词。根据a vis
20、itor comes, he is served with a cup oftea可知,(每)当(如果)客人来时,我们会为他端上一杯茶,用when或whenever 引导时间状语从句,或用if引导条件状语从句。句意:在中国,当有客人来访时,会给 他端上一杯茶。故填when/whenever/ifo(2) a考查冠词。have a history of表示“有的历史二句意:饮茶有4000多年的历史。 故填a。(3) to stop考杳动词。他尝了数百种植物的目的是防止人们食用有毒植物,用动词不定 式表目的。句意:据传说,神农品尝了数百种野生植物,以防止人们食用有毒植物。故 填 to StOpo(
21、4) was saved 考查动词。根据by eaiing leaves of an evergreen planl可知,此处应用被 动语态结合描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时的被动语态,结构是“was/were done”, 主语he是第三人称,助动词用was。句意:有一天,他因吃了一种不知名的植物而中毒, 但吃了一种常青树的叶子救了他。故填was saved。.(5) longer 考查形容词。根据Compared with people who dont drinktea可知,此处是拿 喝茶的人与不喝茶的人相比,要用形容词的比拟级。句意:与不喝茶的人相比,喝茶的 人可能更长寿。故填lo
22、nger。【点评】阅读文章,掌握文章大意,上下文联系,还要活运用语法知识,推出正确答案。考点卡片1 .情态动词【概念】情态动词:可以用来表示说话人的语气和情态,如需要、可能、意愿和怀疑等,有一定的意 义,但不完整,不能独立作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语.2 .动词词义辨析【概念】动词:动词是用来表示动作或状态的词.在句子中做谓语,说明主语”是什么“、“做什么或 “怎么样”的词.通过动词的变化,可以知道动作发生的时间、说话人的语气、态度.【考查内容】词形相近的动词间的辨析.如 remind/rcmcmber; rise/raise; hang/hung 例 1: Sorry, ive for
23、gotten your name. Can you me?Im Daniel.()A. remind B. receive C. respect D. remember分析:对不起,我忘了你的名字,你能提醒我一下吗?我是 Daniel.解答:答案:A.remind 提醒;receive 收到:respect 尊重;remember 记得.根据 Sorry, Ive forgotten your name. Can you me? Fm Daniel.可知,句意是对不起,我忘了你的名字,你能提醒我一下吗? ”根据下面的回答Im Daniel.可推测句意是“提醒一下”.应选A.点评:此题考查动词词
24、义辨析.解答时注意根据句意以及所给选项的意思作答.词义相近的动词间的辨析.took/cost/paid/spent; borrow/lend; speak/say/talk.例 2: Wow, your sweater is very beautiful!Thank you. I bought it two days ago. It me $50. ()A. took B. cost C. paid D. spent.分析:哇,你的毛衣很漂亮!谢谢.我两天前买的.它花费了我50美元.解答:答案:B.It takes sb some time to do sth.花费某人多长时间做某事.人+sp
25、end+时间/金钱+ (in) doing sth表示某人花费时间/金钱做某事.人+spend+时间/金钱+on+名词,表示某人在某物上花费 时间/金钱.sth costs sb+金钱,表示某物花了某人多少钱.人+pay+钱+for,表示为某物付钱.根据题干I bought it two days ago. It me $50.可知这是某物花了某人多少钱,即sth costssb+金钱,应选B.点评:了解每个选项的含义是做好词类题型的关键,还要从句意桌搜,根据句意作答,所以 平时的学习中要多积累词汇,才能很好的完成.意义不同,但容易混淆的动词的辨析.ft find/find out; take
26、/leave; explain/say例 3: Can you a message? Yes. Please ask Tom to ring me back. ()A. give B. take C. leave.分析:你能帮我带个口信吗?可以.请让汤姆给我回 .解答:答案:B.句意你能帮我带个口信吗?可以.请让汤姆给我回 .“give给,take带,leave离开.take a message带个口信,固定搭配,应选B.点评:动词是表示动作或者状态的词,要结合语境,注意时态、人称等的变化,掌握常用的 固定搭配.【解题方法点拨】分析词义,根据上下句意思进行选择.根据常用动词的用法进行筛选.根据
27、动词的固定短语用法,进行筛选.分析句子时态,选择动词的正确形式作答.【中考命题方向】中考英语试题常考查动词的词义辨析、意义相近但容易混淆的动词、常用动词的习惯用法、 常用动词短语.这些是考查的重点.3.动词短语【概念】动词短语:动词短语就是有些动词可以和些别的词构成短语(以动词为中心),表达一个概念,其作 用和一个单独动词差不多的一种固定搭配.在实际使用中,通常会把动词短语当成一个整体.【用法】(1)动词+副词:在“动词+副词”的词组中宾语位置有两种情况:宾语如是名词,那么可置于副词后面,亦可置 于动词和副词之间.而如果宾语是代词,只能置于动词后面,即动词和副词之间.例:First put s
28、ome salt into the water and then.()A. mix them up B. mix up them C. mix it up D. mix up it分析:首先放一些盐在水里,然后搅拌它们.解答:分析句子,结合选项,推测意思是首先放一些盐在水里,然后搅拌它们.这里salt 是不可数名词,用it指代,放在中间,应选C.(2)动词+副词+介词:在这类动词短语中,动词、副词、介词紧密结合,是动副词组和动介词组的合成体,词义上 相当于一个及物动词.它兼有以上两类短语动词的特点,但宾语总是位于介词之后.例:She is planning her project. Lets
29、help her some good ideas. ()A. come out B. come up C. come up with D. catch up with分析:她正在计划她的工程,让我们帮助她想出一些好主意.解答:come out出来,出现,出版,come up发生,上来,come up with想出,catch up with 追上,赶上;结合句意”她正在计划她的工程,让我们帮助她想出一些好主意.”可知,要用 是一般现在时,help后面跟动词原形,故答案为C.其它三个选项语意不通.(3)动词+名词:这类动词短语中的常见动词是have, take, give, make等,后面的名
30、词通常是从动词转化而 来的动作名词,并表达了短语动词的真正意义.例:The old man, and he wants to see a doctor now. ()A. has fever B. have a fever C. has a fever D. has fevers分析:这位老人发烧了,他现在想去看医生.解答:考查动词短语.have a fever是固定短语,意思是“发烧”;结合句意”这位老人发烧, 他现在想去看医生.”可知,要用是一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词用第三人 称单数形式,故答案为C.(4) be+形容词+介词:bc+形容词(包括过去分词作形容词)+介词相当于
31、及物动词,宾语位于介词后面,形容词 是短语动词的真正词义.例:This pair of shoes hand.()A. is made with B. are made from C. are made of D. is made by分析:这双鞋是手工做的.解答:考查动词短语.A用.什么东西制造.B.由制造(看不出原材料).C.由制 造(看出原材料).D.由制造(由某人).结合语境”这双鞋是手工做的.可知,由 双手制造,用is made by.选D.【中考命题方向】中考英语试题常考查动词短语的用法,意义相近的动词短语、但容易混淆的短语、常用动词 短语.这些是考查的重点.4 .情态动词的被动语
32、态【概念】(1)情态动词的被动语态:含情态动词的被动语态说明某个被动性动作所反映出的感情和态度.初中阶段学习可用于被 动语态的情态动词有can, may, must, need, should等,分别表示能够被;可以被; 必须被:应该被,等.(2)被动语态:被动语态(passive voice)是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系.英语 的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示 主语是动作的承受者.被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般来说,只有需要动作对象的及 物动词才有被动语态.汉语往往用“被”、受“、“给“等被动词来表示被动意义.被动语态
33、由“ 助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成.(3)及物动词:在英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,可以把动词分成两种:及物动词与不及物动词.字典里 词后标有vt.的就是及物动词,字典里词后标有vi.的就是不及物动词.不及物动词后不 能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语),假设要跟宾语,必须先在其后添加上某个介词,如I。,of, al后方可跟上宾语.及物动词可直接跟宾语.【结构】含情态动词的被动语态结构形式:主语+情态动词+bc+及物动词的过去分词.主语+情态动词+be+ (by+宾语),其中by意为”被:由工表动作的执行者.如:The library must be kept quiet by us.我们必
34、须保持图书馆安静.含情态动词的疑问句、否认句的变化均需借助于情态动词完成.如: Magazines can be taken out of the reading room. (肯定式)Magazines cant be taken out of (he reading room. (否认式)Can magazines be taken out of the reading room? (疑问式)Yes, they can. /No, they cant.【用法】含有情态动词,在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况卜.,可用被动语态. 如:All the work can be fi
35、nished soon.所有的工作都能很快完成.含有情态动词,要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时,用被动语态.You should finish the work at the end of the week.(改为被动语态)The work should be finished at the end of the week.分析:你应该在本周结束时完成这项工作.这项T.作应该在本周结束时被完成.解答:be finished.通过比照前后两个句子,发现前一句子的宾语the work成了后一个句子 的主语,由物充当,谓语动词为finish,所以这里主语the work成了动词finish的动作承受
36、 者,表工作被完成,应用被动语态,前有情态动词should,所以这里需要运用含有情态动词 的被动语态,其构成为情态动词(should) +be+动词的过去分词.因为已经给出should,故 填写 be finished.点评:此题考查学生把主动句改为被动句的能力.做题时要通过句子的比照找到主语和谓语 的位置变动及关系,关键是谓语动词的变化,运用相应被动语态的构成就能得出正确答案.【易混淆点】Must this work be done at once?这项工作必须马上完成吗?Yes, it must. /No, it needn *t.回容许保存原情态动词,但must表”必须”时,其否认回容许
37、用neednt.这和主动语态类似.【解题方法点拨】掌握情态动词can could should shall may might must would的含义,用法和语态. 掌握含情态动词的被动语态结构形式很关键.【中考命题方向】中考英语试题常考查常用的被动语态,即一般现在时的被动态、一般过去时的被动语态、一 般将来时的被动语态和含有情态动词的被动语态.这四种时态的语态是中考考杳的重点.5 .选词填空【考查能力介绍】选词填空题要求考生根据句子或短文内容,从备选词中选择正确的单词或短语并用其适当 形式填空.此类考题综合性强,集合了阅读、词汇、语法和完型填空等多题型的测试特点,对考生的 综合能力要求较
38、高.【解题方法点拨】先对备选词做初步了解,在此基础上通读全文,充分理解短文的内容.分析空格处所需单词,先按意思选词,先确定介词、冠词、连词等不发生变化的词和涉及 固定搭配的词;再根据句子结构选词,确定设空处在句子中充当的成分,找出相应词汇做出 正确的变形.完成填词后,应通读全文,检查单词拼写是否正确,是否有时态、语态、惯用法及词语选 用上的错误,以确保答案的正确性.解题步骤(以题为例)thing real find hard beautySome of you might ask, Are books (1) _interesting? Believe it or not, books pro
39、vide many (2) _that televisions or computers cannot. Since books use only words to tell a story, they can improve your imagination. The interesting words and sentences that are used in storytelling usually cant be (3) _on TV or on websites. They are sometimes so (4) _and moving that they can bring t
40、ears to your eyes. Books also help us to think (5) _and deeper. As we continue to read, we ask ourselves questions and try to find answers.Remember: the more you read the more you grow.第一步需要诠释备选单词,进行预判.thing名词,意为”事物,东西”;real形容词(真的): find实义动词,意为找到,发现”:hard作形容词意为“硬的,困难的”,作副词意为“努力地 beauty名词,意为美丽,美人A. s
41、howB. spellC. reviewD. repeat(2021 湖北)-Why does our chemistry teacher often her?-Because she gets full marks in chemistry every time.()A. praiseB. forgetC. controlD. hurt(2021 武汉)Do you have any new findings in the report?Yes we have 10, 0(X3 people, and 90% of them would like to buy our new product
42、s.()A. chosenB. surveyedC. examinedD. listed(2021 武汉)The official newspaper the news of Tiangong 1, for it took a big step forward into space.()A. heardB. checkedC. believedD. celebrated(2021 荆州)-Do you know Zhang Guimei, who was honored as one of the PeopleWho Moved China,?-Yes, shethe first free h
43、igh school for girls in mountain areas and has helpedmore than 1 , 800 students to go to college.(A. educatedA. educatedB. createdC.memorizedD. dreamed9. (2021 黄石)I wonder if this glass is Toins.一 Itbe his.His was broken just now.A. mustntB. may notC.cantD. shouldnt14. (2021 武汉)-Only ten tickets? Wh
44、at do you mean? Therebetwelve.Sorry, Linda.Jacky and Tim took two tickets away.(A. shouldA. shouldB. willC. canD. may15. (2021 荆州)-Jack, look at the time.you play the violin at such a latehour?-Sorry dear.Ill slop right now. (A. WillB. CanC.MayD. Must16. (2021 恩施州)-WhoseT - shirt is this.16. (2021 恩
45、施州)-WhoseT - shirt is this.Michael?not be mine.Mine is white.(A. needA. needB. canC. must第二步需要通读全文,进行预判.根据字面意思可以推出real对应(I), thing对应(2), find 对应(3) , beauty 对应(4) , hard 对应(5).第三部需要瞻前顾后,根据句子结构,注意词形的变化.(1)修饰形容词要用副词,(2) many之后要用复数,(3)用词的主语是被动关系,要用被动语态,find需变过去分词,(4) 与moving并列要用形容词,(5)与deeper并列修饰think要
46、用副词比拟级.根据要求填入 适当形式.最后需要把答案带入文中验证是否正确.【解题技巧】在做阅读填空题时要做到根据语法判定词性,利用语境确定词形,具体要考虑:对于名词,要考虑是否要把名词变成复数或“所有格”形式,还要考虑名词是否需要变成形 容词;对丁动词,要考虑时态和语态的变化以及非谓语动词形式的变化;对于形容词和副词,要去判定它们之间的相互转换,是否需要变成比拟级或最高级,形容 词是否要变名词也需考虑;对于代词,注意区分主格、宾格、名词性和形容词性物主代词或反身代词的用法;对于数词,要注意基数词和序数词的变化以及分数和虚实数的用法:对于冠词,只需要在a或an之间判别;对于介词和连词时,只要符合
47、上卜.文逻辑或固定短语搭配,填入即可.【中考命题方向】中考对选词填空题的形式也是多种多样,有根据句子选词的(如呼和浩特、武汉等),有根 据短文内容选单词的(如河南、泰安等),也有根据对话选词的(如南京等).这些出题形 式中又有的用选词不必变形,有的那么需要变换成适当形式,难易各不相同,考生当根据本地 考试实际情况进行复习.6.语法填空【考查能力介绍】语法填空分为纯空格语法填空和单词的适当形式填空.对介词、连词、代词、冠词、从句 引导词、情态动词等的考查一般是纯空格形式考查;对谓语动词、非谓语动词、名词、形容 词、副词、形容词或副词的比拟级或最高级等的考查一般是根据提示词填写单词的适当形式; 也有给;11音标或汉语提示的填空题111现.语法填空主要考杳考生阅读理解的能力、分析句子结构的能力和熟练运用语法的能力.【解题方法点拨】快速地阅读全文,从整体上掌握文章大意;再次阅读全文,先易(固定词组、常见句型或明显的语法结构)后难(名词、动词、形容 词、副词,注意联系上下文),确定语义,判断词形.;三读全文,上下参照,验证答案:看上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章;语法结构是 否正确无误.解题步骤(以题为例)World famous scientist Step
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