讲与练10 名词、形容词与代词类提示词语法填空题攻略(含答案解析)---2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练(通用版).docx

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1、2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练（通用版）10名词、形容词与代词类提示词语法填空题攻略【高频考点回顾】要点一提示词为名词的解题攻略1.提示词为名词时，主要考查名词复数、名词所有格和名词变形容词。解题规那么思考方向解题规那么填名词的复数假设提示词是可数名词单数，分析句 子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此 时应考虑填名词的复数。有数词或 these, those, several, many, alb both, various, numerous等词修饰时，名词用复数形式。名词前有“one of，时，用名词复数形式。假设谓语动词是复数形式，那么空格处应填名词复数形式。填名词的所有格提示词与其后的名

2、词是所属关系， 应考虑名词的所有格。单数名词和不以一s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加s。以一S或一es结尾的复数名词，形式为一s，或一es填名词的形容词形式提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后 面的名词，那么一般考查名词变形容 1可。注意名词变形容词的后缀机 Hable一 adj.valuevaluable, reason一reasonable几 Hal一 adj.traditiootraditional机 Hfill adj.colour一colourful, helphelpfuln.en一 adj.wood一wooden, goldgolden几 Hy一 adj.luck一lucky, dust一

3、dusty名词变复数必记的三条规那么词尾是一s, x, ch, sh时，bus公共汽车buses山地大猩猩。devoteto.“致力于”为固定短语。故填t。12. 考查动名词。句意：在野外工作中，她接受了黑猩猩专家珍古道尔的指导，并开始观察山地大猩猩的 行为。get down to doing sth”着手做某事”。故填 observing。13. 考查定语从句。句意：她的工作让她去了扎伊尔，然后又去了卢旺达，在那里她创立了卡里索克研究中 心。Rwanda为先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语。故填where。14. 考查形容词。句意：经过多年的耐心观察，大猩猩开始认识和信任她，她发现自己可以坐在大

4、猩猩中间, 甚至可以和它们的幼崽玩耍。形容词patient修饰名词observation。故填patient。15. 考查代词。句意：经过多年的耐心观察，大猩猩开始认识和信任她，她发现自己可以坐在大猩猩中间， 甚至可以和它们的幼崽玩耍。形容词性物主代词修饰名词young。故填their。16. 考查冠词。句意：后来，她在纽约康奈尔大学教书。job为可数名词，本句泛指“一份教学工作“。teaching 首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。17. 考查动词不定式。句意：1984年，她回到Karisoke研究中心继续她的实地工作。本句为动词不定式作 目的状语。故填to continue。18. 考查时态

5、语态。句意：当她最喜欢的大猩猩被偷猎者杀害后，福西发起了一场反对偷猎的运动。根据句 意以及上下文可知，本句为一般过去时，主语her favorite gorilla与kill为被动关系，所以本句为一般过去时 的被动语态。故填was killed。19. 考查连接词。句意：她的所作所为引起了全世界对濒危山地大猩猩的关注，这些动物现在受到卢旺达的 政府和一些国际组织的保护，包括迪安福西大猩猩基金。本句为主语从句，从句中raise缺少主语，表示“所 做的事。连接词为what,置于句首，首字母大写。故填What。20. 考查名词。句意：她的所作所为引起了全世界对濒危山地大猩猩的关注，这些动物现在受到卢

6、旺达的政 府和一些国际组织的保护，包括迪安,福西大猩猩基金。by后接名词作宾语，organize的名词为organization, 且有some修饰，所以用复数。 故填organizations。3I want to tell everyone about two teachers on Changyu Island, Wang Kaiquan and Lin Zhujin.Few people know about this hometown of 21.The island is beautiful, but its quite isolated, and there arent many

7、 modem 22. (convenience), In bad weather, even our water and power supplies 23. (be) unstable. People who have never been to our island are often 24. (surprise) by this and find it hard 25. (adjust). Many 26. live on the island dream of leaving.These two primary school teachers, however, 27. (stay)

8、on for 23 long years! They are 28, only teachers here, and they plan to stay for as long as there are children who need to attend school.I want to thank them, and let the world know about these teachers who work 29. (tireless) every day 30, the sake of the children.【答案】mine21. conveniencesare22. sur

9、prisedto adjust23. whohave stayed24. thetirelessly25. for【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要是向两位不辞劳苦，坚持在封闭的小岛上工作了 23年的老师表达感谢。21 .考查代词。句意：几乎没有人知道我的家乡。根据句意和句子结构可知，此空要做介词“。仔的宾语，表 达所有格的意思，所以要用名词性物主代词形式。故填mine。22 .考查名词复数。句意：这个岛很美，但是却相当的闭塞，没有许多现代化的便利措施。空格前面是形容 词“modern”可知，此空要填名词。根据前面的不定代词“many”可知，此空要用可数名词复数形式。故填 convenience

10、s o.考查动词时态。句意：在天气不好的时候，甚至我们的水和电力供给都稳定。根据句子结构分析可知， 此空是谓语，因为主语“supplies”是复数名词，所以谓语动词要用复数形式。根据上下文可知，这是对现在 情况的介绍，所以用一般现在时。故填are。23 .考查形容词。句意：从来没有到过我们岛的人们经常会感到吃惊，并且很难适应这里。分析句子结构可 知，此空是做表语。根据句子意思可知，这里指那些来到岛上的人们自己感到吃惊，所以要用-ed结尾形容 词。故填 surprised。24 .考查非谓语动词。句意：见第4题详解。根据句子结构可知，这里考查短语find it hard to do sth.发现

11、做 某事很难的意思，和句意一致。故填t。adjust。25 .考查定语从句。句意：许多岛上的人都梦想着离开这里。分析句子结构可知，live on the island”是 定语从句，先行词是“Many”，指代人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。26 .考查动词时态。句意：然而，这两位老师已经在这里呆了 23年之久。根据句子的时间状语“for 23 long years”可知，要用现在完成时。主语是“These two primary school teachers”，所以助动词用have。故填have stayed o.考查冠词。句意：他们是这里仅有的老师，并且他们计划，只

12、要有学生需要上学，他们就呆在这里。the only表示唯一的意思，是固定搭配，也符合句子意思。故填the。27 .考查副词。句意：我想感谢他们，想让全世界的人都认识这两位为了孩子们不辞劳苦工作的老师们。分 析句子结构和意思可知，此空需要副词，修饰动词“work”，故填tirelessly。28 .考查介词。句意同上。分析句子结构和意思可知，此处是固定短语for the sake o俨看在的份上。故填 foro4The Wandering Earth is a Chinese science fiction movie, 31. is based on the novel of 32. same

13、 name by Liu Cixin, and was released on February 5, 2019, the Chinese New Years Day.After 33. (learn) the sun is dying out, people all around the world feel 34. ( scare ), so they build giant planet thrusters (星球推进器)to move the earth out of 35. (it) orbit (轨道)and sail it to a new star system. The 25

14、00 years9 journey comes with 36. (variety) dangers, but in order to save humanity, a group of young people come out bravely and fight hard for everyones survival.We 37. (impress) to see the theme of this film. It doesnt particularly show somebodys ability to save our world 38. shows all the human be

15、ings are working together, 39. (spare) no effort to save this world.The Wandering Earth is seen by people as the dawn (开立帘)of Chinese science fiction movies. It means that Chinas sci-fi movies have 40. (official) set sail.【答案】. which29 . the. learning30 . scared. its31 . various. are impressed32 . b

16、ut. sparing33 . officially【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了根据刘慈欣同名小说改编的中国科幻电影流浪的地球。31 .考查定语从句。句意：流浪的地球是一部中国科幻电影，改编自刘慈欣的同名小说，于2019年2月 5日中国大年初一上映。分析句子可知，这是一个非限定性定语从句，先行词是movie,在从句中作主语， 因此使用关系词which引导。故填whicho.考查冠词。句意：流浪的地球是一部中国科幻电影，改编自刘慈欣的同名小说，于2019年2月5日 中国大年初一上映。分析句子可知，此处特指“相同的名字”，使用定冠词the限定same name,符合语境。 故填the。3

17、2 .考查非谓语动词。句意：在得知太阳即将消亡后，世界各地的人们感到害怕，于是他们建造了巨大的行 星推进器，将地球移出轨道，驶向一个新的恒星系统。分析句子可知【，介词后使用动名词形式。故填learningo 34.考查形容词。句意：在得知太阳即将消亡后，世界各地的人们感到害怕，于是他们建造了巨大的行星推 进器，将地球移出轨道，驶向一个新的恒星系统。分析句子可知，feel是系动词，后接形容词作表语，表示 人的感受，应用-ed结尾形容词scared。故填scared。35 .考查物主代词。句意：在得知太阳即将消亡后，世界各地的人们感到害怕，于是他们建造了巨大的行星 推进器，将地球移出轨道，驶向一个

18、新的恒星系统。分析句子可知，0rbit是名词，前接形容词性成分作定 语，因此使用形容词性物主代词。故填its。36 .考查形容词。句意：2500年的旅程伴随着各种危险，但为了拯救人类，一群年轻人勇敢地站出来，为 大家的生存而努力奋斗。分析句子可知，这里使用形容词性成分作定语修饰名词dangers,因此使用variety 的形容词形式various。故填various。37 .考查固定搭配和主谓一致。句意：看到这部电影的主题，我们印象深刻。分析句子可知，be impressed to do是固定搭配意为“做感到印象深刻”，符合语境，且主语we是复数形式，根据主谓一致原那么，be动 词使用 are

19、。故填 are impressedo.考查连词。句意：它并不特别显示某人有能力拯救我们的世界，而是显示所有的人都在一起工作，不遗 余力地拯救这个世界。分析句子可知，前半句是否认句，根据语意可知前后句为转折关系表示“不是而 是”，因此使用转折连词but连接前后句。故填but。38 .考查非谓语动词。句意：它并不特别显示某人有能力拯救我们的世界，而是显示所有的人都在一起工作, 不遗余力地拯救这个世界。分析句子可知，句中存在谓语动词are working,因此这里使用非谓语动词形式,且逻辑主语all the human beings与spare之间为主动关系，因此使用现在分词作伴随状语。故填spar

20、ingo 40.考查副词。句意：这意味着中国的科幻电影已经正式起航。分析句子可知，这里使用副词性成分作状语 修饰动词have set,因此使用official的副词形式officiallyo故填officially。5Carnival today is an international multicultural experience. But how could it become so? To understand 41_. carnival is all about, we need to look at the history of America and the meeting of

21、 two cultures一European and African.The arrival of Europeans in America and the opening of huge farms and plantations to grow cotton, fruit and vegetables, 42. (mean) there was an immediate need for people to work on them. For more than 200 years, millions of people43. (take) by force from their home

22、s in Africa and transported to the new world to work as slaves.44. (natural), the European also imported their own festivals. So the slaves were forced to watch as their masters celebrated carnival. Then the slaves began to hold their own carnival celebrations. They painted their faces white, 45. (i

23、mitate) their masters and making fun of them. But at the same time, they were continuing their own African 46. (tradition), such as walking around the village, wearing masks and singing, 47. custom which they thought would bring good luck.When the slave trade was abolished in 1838, the former slaves

24、 took over the carnival. It became more colorful and more exciting 48. it had ever been before. Magnificent costumes were made and musical bands created. Carnivore became a celebration of 49. (free), Today, visitors from all over the world come to the small state in the Caribbean to join in the fun.

25、 Carnival has become a celebration of life 50. (it).【答案】what41. meantwere taken42. Naturallyimitating43. traditionsa44. thanfreedom45. itself【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了狂欢节的来历以及具体作用。41. 考查宾语从句。句意：要理解狂欢节的意义，我们需要看看美国的历史以及欧洲和非洲两种文化融合的 历史。动词understand后接宾语从句，从句中介词about缺乏宾语，意为“什么”，用连接代词what引导宾 语从句。故填what。42. 考查时态。句意

26、：欧洲人来到美国，并开放了巨大的农场和种植园来种植棉花、水果和蔬菜，这意味着 迫切需要人来种植这些作物。此处缺乏谓语，讲述过去发生的事，mean用一般过去时。故填meant。43. 考查时态和语态。句意：200多年来，数以百万计的人被迫离开他们在非洲的家园，被运送到新世界做 奴隶。此处缺乏谓语，讲述过去发生的事，且主语millions of people和谓语动词take是被动关系，用一般 过去时的被动语态，主语millions of people是复数，谓语复数形式。故填were takeno考查副词。句意：当然，欧洲人也引进了自己的节日。此处用副词naturally作状语，修饰后面的句子，

27、 首字母大写。故填Naturally。44. 考查现在分词。句意:他们把自己的脸涂成白色，模仿他们的主人，取笑他们。本句已有谓语painted 且无连词，动词imitate用非谓语形式，逻辑主语They与动词imitate是主谓关系，imitate用现在分词(doing) 表主动，作状语。故填imitating。45. 考查名词的数。句意：但与此同时，他们继续着自己的非洲传统，比方在村子里走来走去，戴着面具唱 歌，他们认为这一习俗会带来好运。由上文their和下文walking around the village, wearing masks and singing 可知，此处指“不止一项传

28、统“，用名词tradition的复数形式作宾语。故填traditions。46. 考查冠词。句意：但与此同时，他们继续着自己的非洲传统，比方在村子里走来走去，戴着面具唱歌， 他们认为这一习俗会带来好运。此处泛指“一个习俗”，custom以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。47. 考查比拟状语从句。句意:它变得比以往任何时候都更加丰富多彩，更加激动人心。结合上文more colorful and more exciting可知，前后句进行了比拟，用连词than。故填than。48. 考查名词。句意：食肉动物成了自由的庆典。a celebration of 9(free)是名词所有格,用抽象名词

29、 freedom o 故填 freedom o49. 考查反身代词。句意：狂欢节已经成为一种对生命本身的庆祝。此处用反身代词itself指代名词life,力口 强语气。故填itself。6Everyone wants to live their dream life, but sadly, most people fail 51. (achieve) it.If you have a choice to turn back time, what would you do 52. (different) that will make your life better today?Or are y

30、ou already living the 53. (wonder) life you wanted?Most people take things for granted (把一切视为理所当然).They think that they have all the time in the world and they neglect(忽视)54. (they) dreams. They say things like later”，or there will always be tomorrow”. The fact is that we dont have all the time in t

31、he world. Later soon becomes never.The same goes for 55. (live) your ideal (理想)life. You have to understand that what you want in life 56. (be) a choice. You are where you are right now because 57. the choice you make. You have a choice and you can choose. And because you have a choice, you get to c

32、hoose how you want to live. Living your dream life starts with making a 58. (decide).And if you want to live your ideal life, you must say no” to the things 59, will pull you away from it. And 60. is time to make a change. Dare to be different and dare to follow your heart.【答案】to achieve50. differen

33、tlywonderful51. theirliving52. isof53. decisionwhich/that54. it【解析】本文是一篇议论文。每个人都想过自己梦想的生活，但不幸的是，大多数人都没能实现。并且阐 述了如果时间倒流我们会如何对待时间和梦想。51 .考查非谓语动词。句意：但不幸的是，大多数人都没能实现。结合固定短语fail to do sth.,意为：没能 做某事。故填to achieveo.考查副词。句意：如果你可以选择让时光倒流，你会做些什么不同的事情来让你的生活变得更好？修饰 动词do需要用副词differentlyo故填differentlyo52 .考查形容词。句

34、意：还是你已经过上了你想要的美好生活？空格处需要形容词作定语修饰名词lifeo故 填 wonderful。53 .考查代词。句意：他们认为自己拥有世界上所有的时间，却忽视了自己的梦想。修饰名词dreams应该 用形容词性物主代词，they的形容词性物主代词是their。故填their。54 .考查非谓语动词。句意：过理想生活也是如此。在介词for后用动名词作宾语。故填living。55 .考查时态。句意：你必须明白，生活中你想要的是一种选择。空格处在宾语从句中作谓语，主语是what you want in life,系动词用第三人称单数，文章陈述事实，用一般现在时。故填is。56 .考查介词。

35、句意：你现在所处的位置是因为你所做的选择。空格后的the choice是名词，应该用介词短 语because of,后接the choice作宾语。故填of。57 .考查名词。句意：过梦想生活，首先要做出选择决定。考查固定短语make a decision,意为：做出决定。 故填 decisiono.考查定语从句引导词。句意：如果你想过上理想的生活，你必须对那些会让你远离理想的事情说“不工 空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the things,且在从句中作主语。故填that/which。58 .考查代词it。句意：现在是改变的时候了。结合句型it is time tod。sth.,意为：是该干某

36、事的时候了。 故填ito7Whether youre working hard to be like Wordsworth 61. youve yet to uncover the literary prowess(非凡的技 能)within you, it is hard to ignore just how much of a role poetry 62. (play) in the development of both written and spoken language so far. When youre studying a new language it only make

37、s sense that you shouldnt only stick to boring old prose(散文).Foreign language poetry is 63. fantastic resource for learners of all levels.Poetry allows writers 64. (toy) with the standards of grammar and generally change the rules of language a bit or a lot. You can learn a great deal about a langua

38、ge by the ways its speakers have turned its syllables(音节)and words 65 , lines.Poetry comes in a 66. (vary) of genes (体裁)and structures, so generalizing about it is sort of unfair to the art form itself. But there are certain universal 67. (aspect) of poetry that make it an idea tool for leaning a ne

39、w language in creative ways across languages.Perhaps the most notable difference 68, set a poem apart is that its often not as long-winded as a passage from a book might be. Its much 69. (easy) to motivate yourself with a short poem every day than it is with part of a 500-page book you are afraid of

40、 opening because you fear you cant 70. (possible) finish it.【答案】or55. has playeda56. to toyinto57. varietyaspects58. thateasier59. possibly【解析】这是一篇说明文。诗歌对学习一门外语是非常有好处的，文章介绍了背后的原因。61 .考查连词。句意：无论你是在努力学习以成为华兹华斯那样的人，还是还没有发现自己内在的文学才华, 都很难忽视到目前为止诗歌在书面语言和口头语言开展中所起的作用。结合句意可知，此处为固定短语 whetheror.“无论 还是 ，引导让步状语

41、从句。故填or。62 .考查时态。句意：无论你是在努力学习以成为华兹华斯那样的人，还是还没有发现自己内在的文学才华, 都很难忽视到目前为止诗歌在书面语言和口头语言开展中所起的作用。空处为宾语从句为谓语动词，结合 语境和时间状语so far判断为现在完成时，主语a role是单数，助动词用has。故填has played。63 .考查冠词。句意：外语诗歌是各级学习者的绝佳资源。resource“资源”是可数名词，此处为泛指一种， 应用不定冠词，且fantastic的发音是以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。64 .考查固定短语。句意：诗歌可以让作者无视语法标准，以及对语言规那么有一点或很大的改变。此

42、处涉及 固定短语allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，不定式作宾补。故填to toy。65 .考查介词。句意：通过说话者将音节和单词转换成句子的方式，你可以学到很多关于一种语言的知识。 结合句意可知，此处涉及固定短语turninto把变成工故填into。66 .考查名词。句意：诗歌有多种体裁和结构，所以对它的概括对艺术形式本身是不公平的。此处为固定短 语a variety or各种各样。故填variety o.考查名词的数。句意：但诗歌的某些普遍方面使其成为跨语言创造性学习新语言的理想工具。空处为句 子主语，根据谓语动词are可知主语为复数形式。故填aspects。67

43、.考查定语从句。句意：也许使一首诗与众不同的最显著的区别在于它通常不像一本书中的一段那么冗长。 空处引导定语从句，先行词difference指物，且被最高级修饰，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词that。故填that。68 .考查形容词。句意：每天用一首小诗来激励自己要比读一本500页的书容易得多，因为你害怕自己无法 读完它。空处应用形容词作表语，结合空前much和后文than可知，应用其比拟级。故填easier。69 .考查副词。句意：每天用一首小诗来激励自己要比读一本500页的书容易得多，因为你害怕自己无法读 完它。修饰动词finish应用副词。故填possibly。8Chinas indust

44、rial output is expected to rise by around 6.5 percent this year, marking the best 7L (perform) since 2010, 72. the Made in China 2025 strategy (策略)helps to raise productivity and revenue (税收).The increase is 0.5 percentage points 73. (high) than the targeted growth, partly 74. (drive) by strong effo

45、rts to increase the use of new technology at traditional enterprises (企M士)，Miao Wei said on Monday.“The countrys industrial economy has maintained steady and sound growth thanks 75. the Made in China 2025 strategy. It promoted the combination of manufacturing and new technologies such as 76. Interne

46、t, big data and cloud computing,Mina added.The ministry also predicted that the countrys industrial output would be likely 77. (grow) by around 6 percent next year, with revenue from the telecommunications 78. (increase) by 50 percent.According to Miao, the country will also publish policies 79. pro

47、moting the development of digital economy. The data show that the countrys digital economy added up to 22.58 trillion yuan last year, ranking second 80. (global) and accounting for around 30 percent of national GDP.【答案】performance60. as/becausehigher61. drivento62. theto grow63. increasingon64. glob

48、ally【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍因为“中国制造2025”战略，中国今年的工业产出预计将增长6.5%左 右，这是自2010年以来的最正确表现。般加eSocoach 教练一coaches词尾是辅音字母+y时，变y为i, 再加一es,元音字母+y时直接加s。enemy一enemies 敌人hobbyhobbies 业余爱好toy一toys 玩具复数形式有特殊变化的名词childchildrenfoot feetman 一 menmouse 一 micewomanwomentoothteethcriterion（标准）一 criteriamedium（传播媒介）一 media【典例例如1（2020浙江7月卷）Later, they learned to work with the 62.（season）, planting at the right time and, in dry areas, 63.making use of annual floods t