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1、人与自然之环境保护（测）满分：50得分阅读理解（每小题2分，共16）A （2021 .四川仁寿.高三期中）Microplastics are tiny bits or threads of plastic, often too small to be seen. In recent years, microplastics have been found almost everywhere, from the North pole to Antarctica, from the top of Mount Qomolangma to the deepest point in the sea.In

2、 a recent study led by a group called Ocean Wise, researchers made four trips across the Arctic Ocean. They took 71 samples from between 10 and 26 feet below the oceans surface, and 26 more samples from more than 0.6 miles below. They found microplastics in all but one, with an average of about 40 m

3、icroplastic particles in every cubic meter. To identify the particles they found, the scientists used a tool based on infrared （红夕卜的）light. Over 92% of the microplastics found were small threads, called microfibers. About 73% of these fibers were made of a plastic known as polyester（聚酯），which exactl

4、y matched polyester used in clothing.The study also found far more microfibers near the Atlantic side of the Arctic Ocean than near the Pacific side. The fibers on the Atlantic side were also newer. The team believes this suggests that the fibers come from Europe and North America. Peter Ross, who l

5、ed the research, said, “With these polyester fibers, weve created a cloud throughout the worlds oceans.”Most samples were taken from an ocean layer where lots of sea life finds food. The scientists believe this means that many kinds of sea life, from the smallest to the largest, are likely to be aff

6、ected by the pollution.So how do these microfibers get into the sea? They break off when clothes are washed and emptied by washing machines into underground pipes. One recent study suggested that laundry from the US and Canada carries around 7,716,000 pounds of plastic microfibers into the sea every

7、 year.1. Which is true about the study according to paragraph 2?A. All the samples taken contained microplastics.B. Polyester accounted for most of the microfibers.C. The head of the research group is called Ocean Wise.D. Most samples were collected from over 0.6 miles below. 2. What can we infer fr

8、om Peters words?A. These polyester fibers look like clouds.【点睛】高分句型 1 What we didn*t expect was that the other tourists joined us in our action.（运用 了 what 引导的主语从 句）高分句型 2 We also arranged regular inspections and agreed to take further actions when necessary.（运用 了 when引导的省略句）B. The worlds oceans are

9、linked together.C. The pollution has reached a serious level.D. The food chain of the sea has been damaged.3 . Which one might be the source of the microfibers?A. Plastics.B. Ocean layers.C. Washing machines.D. Laundry.4 . Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. Efforts Made to Prot

10、ect the Arctic OceanB , Reduction in the Consumption of Plastic ProductsMicroplastics Found All Through the Arctic OceanReasons Behind the Pollution of the Arctic Ocean【答案】1. B2. C3. D4. C【解析】本文为说明文。本文主要讲述了微型塑料是微小的碎片状或线条状。近年来，从北极到南极洲， 从地球最高处到最深处几乎都可以发现微型塑料的存在，这对环境和海洋生物存在极大地危害。1 .细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Over 9

11、2% of the microplastics found were small threads, called microfibers. About 73% of these fibers were made of a plastic known as polyester（聚酯），.”可知，超过 92%的微塑料是细小 线条状，被称为微纤维。其中大约73%的微纤维是由一种被称为聚酯的塑料制成的。由此可知，聚酯是微 塑料的主要来源。故选B项。2 .推理判断题。根据文章第三段 Peter 所说的话“Peter Ross, who led the research, said, With these

12、 polyester fibers, weve created a cloud throughout the worlds oceans.可知，我们（人类）已经用这些聚酯纤维，为世界 各地的海洋创造了 一片云。再结合第四段第一句Most samples were taken from an ocean layer where lots of sea life finds food可知，大多数的样本都取自于许多海洋生物觅食的海洋层。由此推知，从Peter的话我们可以 推知，微型塑料污染已经十分严重。故选C项。3 .细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句So how do these microfiber

13、s get into the sea? They break off when clothes are washed and emptied by washing machines into underground pipes. One recent study suggested that laundry from the US and Canada carries around 7,716,000 pounds of plastic microfibers into the sea every year.（为口 么这些 超细纤维是如何进入大海的呢？当衣服被洗衣机洗干净并倒入地下管道时，它们

14、就会断裂。最近的一项研 究表明，来自美国和加拿大的洗衣店每年将大约7716000磅的塑料超细纤维带入大海）”可知，当衣服被洗 衣机清洗时微纤维就会脱落，从而被倒入地下管道时进入海洋。因此微纤维的来源也许是洗衣服。故选D 项。4 .主旨大意题。根据第一段“microplastics have been found almost everywhere （微塑料已经随处可见）”以及 第二段“In a recent study led by a group called Ocean Wise, researchers made four trips across the Arctic Ocean.（在

15、最近由一个名为Ocean Wise的组织领导的一项研究中，研究人员进行了四次北冰洋之旅）”和第三段 “The study also found far more microfibers near the Atlantic side of the Arctic Ocean than near the Pacific side.（这 项研究还发现，北冰洋大西洋一侧的微塑料纤维远多于太平洋一侧）”以及后文内容可知，本文主要介绍了 北冰洋微塑料的污染状况。C项“遍布北冰洋的微塑料”可以作为本文标题。故选C项。B （2021 北京市房山区坨里中学高三期中）Stefani Shamrowicz lives

16、 in Colorado. The 24-year-old woman has spent 23 days picking up 126 bags of rubbish across the countryHaving over a month off from her job at a campus recreation center, Stefani Shamrowicz decided to take a trip to help clean up the environment.Shes now driven over 70 hours through Colorado, New Me

17、xico, Arizona, Texas, LouisianaFlorida,Georgia,Tennessee,Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York-cleaning up everything from pee-filled bottles to lawn ornaments. About 80 percent of the rubbish was drinking bottles. Stefani said she had found a few fast-food toys and a tire with a pair of cowboy

18、 boots in it and her aim wasnt to shame, but rather encourage people to do what they canCollecting anywhere from one to 16 bags at a time, Stefanis been discouraged. She felt she wasnt doing enough. She said there was a place that had an ocean of rubbish and she pushed out four bags, but then she br

19、oke down because she realized how much rubbish there was and it felt like four bags didnt do anything. But she remembered to just do what she could, especially since she had gone beyond her goal. She said she dedicated that to her parents because they raised her to be an independent person and had b

20、een very supportive on the tripPeople donated $10 a bag for Stefani to clean up in their name, which she uses for lodging and gas. The persons name is written on how many bags theyve donated towards and Stefani posted a picture on her Instagram when they were filed, thanking them for helping clean u

21、p the cit she was in.People online and in person have responded positively to the project. Stefani recalled people sent her pictures of bags of trash they picked up. Once, when she started doing a bag on the beach in Florida,two ladies saw her and started helping her fill the bag.With her job resumi

22、ng June 1, Stefani is now back home but she has so many good things to say about her unique U.S.road trip.There*s litter everywhere, so Fm just happy to be able to make a little bit of an impacteverywhere 1 go. Cleaning up this litter is a huge thank you for all the joy and good times national parks

23、 and naturein general has brought to my lifeshe said.25 . Why did Stefani drive ower70 hours across the USA?A. To call on people to donate moneyTo earn a living by classifying rubbish.B. To encourage people to protect the environment.C. To enjoy the scenery of the national parks and nature. What is

24、the influence of Stefanis cleaning up rubbish?A. People offered their help along her journeyB , Her parents make joint efforts to support her.C. People begin to donate their money for her project.D. Many people take action to clean up the environment. Whafs the attitude of the author towards cleanin

25、g up the litter?A. Discouraged. B. Anxious28. What does the passage want to tell us?A. Cleaning up rubbish is a tough task.C. Believing in oneself is the key to success.【答案】25. C26. D27. D28. BC. Surprised.D. Pleased.B , A kind act can make a big differenceD. One will realize his dream if he persist

26、s in it.【解析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了美国科罗纳多州的一位23岁的女士 StefaniShamrowicz通过到全国各地 捡垃圾的行为，想唤起人们的环保意识。26 .细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句and her aim wasnt to shame, but rather encourage people to do what they can（她的目标不可耻，她想鼓励人们去做他们能做的事情）”可知她去全国各地捡垃圾是为了唤起人们的环保 意识，加入到环境保护的行动中。故选C。27 .细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“People online and in person have respo

27、nded positively to the project. Stefani recalled people sent her pictures of bags of trash they picked up. Once, when she started doing a bag on the beach in Florida,two ladies saw her and started helping her fill the bag.（人们对此持肯定态度。Stefani 让人们给她发送 他们收集的垃圾图片。曾经有两位女士帮她装垃圾袋厂可知，人们要么自己收集垃圾，要么帮忙。由此可知 人们已

28、经在她的影响下行动起来保护环境。故选D。28 .推理判断题。根据最后一段中“so Pm just happy to be able to make a little bit of an impact everywhere I go. （我很高兴我能够对我所走过的地方产生影响）”可知，作者对自己捡垃圾的行为感到高兴。故选D。29 .主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“People online and in person have responded positively to the project. Stefani recalled people sent her pictures of bags

29、of trash they picked up. Once, when she started doing a bag on the beach in Florida,two ladies saw her and started helping her fill the bag.（人们对此持肯定态度。Stefani 让人们给她发送 他们收集的垃圾图片。曾经有两位女士帮她装垃圾袋厂可知，在她的影响下，人们也开始行动起来。由此可 知，一个人的微小行为会对周围的人产生重大影响。故选B。完形填空（2021 辽宁沈阳高三期中）（每小题1分，共15分）When Arun Krishnamurthy was

30、 a teenager, he witnessed a pond near his home filled up with trash. The damage to the pond made a great 1 to the beautiful pond in his memory. So he decided to do something to 2 its original beauty.In 2007, Krishnamurthy and his team founded the EFI to 3 the garbage and restore the natural habitats

31、of birds, frogs and native plants, giving wildlife a chance to 4 , Over the past few years, the EFI has 5 restoration work on 112 lakes and ponds. 6 , EFI aimed to restore lakes and ponds. However, its far -reaching influence surprised Krishnamurthy. The work has 7 Indias water supply for it helps g

32、roundwater recharge.In fact, groundwater is 8 to India, accounting for 80% of its water supply. However, overusing water is reducing reserves greatly. Government is required to take some measures, but Krishnamurthy believes it is 9 that plays a significant role.Currently, the EFI is facing a 10 when

33、 it comes to waste disposal（处理）.Up to 95% of the solid waste it11 from lakes and ponds ends up in landfills. The group is researching on various 12 of reusing and recycling more of the trash.Despite the difficulties, he feels 13 not only for India but for the world. He 14 everyone to care for lakes

34、and ponds, the dumping6顷彳到）of the waste and needs of wildlife. With the right 15 each of us can make a difference to our planet.1. A. contrastB. differenceC. responseD. contribution2. A. replaceB , regainC , exploreD. demonstrate3. A. storeB , recycleC - destroyD. remove4. A. returnB, escapeC. compe

35、teD. remember5. A. looked intoB. held upC - carried outD. cut off6. A. NaturallyB. OriginallyC. FinallyD. Actually7. A. changedB. interruptedC - benefitedD. reflected8. A. familiarB , attractiveC. vitalD. cruel9. A. individualsB , membersC. organizersD. leaders10. A. choiceB.challengeC . defeatD. to

36、pic11. A. transportsB.formsC. rescuesD. collects12. A. standardsB.methodsC. policiesD. consequences13. A. hopefulB.readyC - gratefulD. happy14. A. permitsB.teachesC. warnsD. urges15. A. conclusionsB.assessmentsC. intentionsD. occasions【答案】1. A2. B3. D4. A5. C6. B7. C8. C9. A10. Bll. D12. B13. A14. D

37、15. C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了 Arun Krishnamurthy及他领导的团队,努力修复污染的湖泊和海洋， 为保护环境做出了巨大贡献。1 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：池塘遭到的破坏与他记忆中美丽的池塘形成了强烈的对比。A. contrast对照； B. difference 不同；C. response 反应；D. contribution 贡献。“damage”与“the beautiful pond”之间应该是形成鲜 明对比。故选A项。2 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以他决定做点什么来恢复它原来的美丽。A.r叩lace代替；B.regain重获; C.explore探索；

38、D.demonstrate说明。根据语境，Arun看到池塘遭到破坏之后，应该是想恢复（restore）它 的美丽。故选B项。3 .考查动词词义辨析。句意:2007年，Krishnamurthy和他的团队成立了 EFL清除垃圾，恢复鸟类、青蛙 和本地植物的自然栖息地，给野生动物一个回归的机会。A. store储存；B. recycle循环；C. destroy破坏； D. remove 移除。根据后文“restore the natural habitats of birds, frogs and native plants”中的 restore 可推知，Arun 想清除（remove）垃圾，然

39、后重塑野生动植物的栖息地。故选D项。4 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：2007年，Krishnamurthy和他的团队成立了 EFL清除垃圾，恢复鸟类、青蛙 和本地植物的自然栖息地，给野生动物一个回归的机会。A. return返还，回归；B.escape逃跑；C. compete 完成；D. remember 记住。根据前文“restore the natural habitats of birds, frogs and native plants”可推知 I, EFI 意 图使野生动物回归（return）。故选A项。5 .考查动词短语辨析。句意：在过去的几年时间里，EFI已经对112个湖泊和池塘

40、进行了多次修复工作。 A. looked into 调查；B. held up 举起；C. earned out 实施;D. cut off 切断。结合语境，EFI 应该是实施了 （carry out）修复工作。故选C项。6 .考查副词词义辨析。句意：最初，EFI的目标是修复湖泊和池塘。A. Naturally自然地；B. Originally 初，原先；C. Finally 终于；D. Actually 实际上。根据后文“Currently, the EFI is facing a 10 when it comes to waste disposal （处理）.”可知，最初，它的目标是湖泊和

41、池塘，后来还有废物处理等。故选B项。7 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项工程有利于印度的供水，因为它有助于地下水的补给。A. changed改变；. inten*upted 打扰；C. benefited 使受益；D. reflected 反映。根据空后的for it helps groundwater recharge.中的help可知，这项工程对印度的供水有益。故选C项。8.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，地下水对印度至关重要，占其供水量的80% 0A.familiar相似的；. attractive 吸引人的;C. vital 重要的；D. cruel 残忍的。根据空后的“account

42、ing for 80% of its water supply” 中的80%可知，地下水对印度很重要。be vital to为固定搭配，意为“对很重要”。故选C项。8 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：政府被要求采取一些措施，但Krishnamurthy认为，个人的作用才是重要的。A. individuals 个人；B. members 成员；C. organizers 组织者；D. leaders 领导。根据空前的 government 及 but 可推知，Arun认为个人（individual）的作用才最重要。故选A项。10.考查名词词义辨析。句意：目前，EFI正面临一个废物处置的挑战。A. ch

43、oice选择；B. challenge挑战；C. defeat 打败；D. topic 主题。根据空后的Up to 95% of the solid waste it 11 from lakes and ponds ends up in landfills.”可知，废物处理应该是一个挑战。故选B项。11.考查动词词义辨析。句意：高达95%的从湖泊和池塘收集的固体废物最终被填埋。Atransports运输；B. forms形成；C.rescues拯救；D. collects收集。collect from为固定搭配，意为“从处收集”，此处指从湖 泊和池塘收集的固体垃圾。故选D项。12 .考查名词词

44、义辨析。句意：这个小组正在研究各种各样的方法来回收利用更多的垃圾。A. standards标 准；B. methods 方法；C. policies 政策；D. consequences 后果。根据空后的“reusing and recycling more of the trash” 可推知，团队应该是探索回收利用的方法。故选B项。13 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管困难重重，但他感到不仅对印度而且对全世界充满希望。A. hopeful 有希望的；B. ready准备好的；C.grateful感激的；D. happy开心的。根据空前的“Despite the difficulties”可

45、知，虽然有苦难，但是他仍然充满希望。故选A项。14 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：他敦促每个人关心湖泊和池塘，废物倾倒和野生动物的需要。A. permits允 许；B. teaches教授；C.warns警告;D. urges催促。urge sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“敦促某人做某事”, 符合语境。故选D项。15 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：有了正确的意图，我们每个人都可以为我们的星球做出贡献。A. conclusions 结论；B. assessments 评估;C. intentions 打算，意图;D. occasions 场合。with the right intentio

46、ns 为固定用法， 意为“有正确意图“，此处指保护自己周围环境的意图。故选C项。读后续写（19分）（2021 全国高三）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。BPWD is a startup company, where my workmates and I work our heads off, seeking solutions to various environmental problems. We are what people consider a group of promising young talents working in a pr

47、omising industry. We are from different backgrounds but we all fit in well with the high paced life and enjoy all the convenience that Salt Lake City can offer. We pride ourselves on all the differences we are making to this planet but our best subject for lunch break chat is what we do as volunteer

48、s to protect a lake called Lake Purilence.We first heard about the lake from my workmate, Bluto, who referred to it as his childhood paradise, where he used to fish, swim and cast pebbles （鹅 P口石）with his friends. He described the lake area as one of the few places of wildness that had not been ruined by modem tourism. He had left the place for years since his parents sold their farm near the lake and moved to the city, but he still kept dreaming of going back. In his own words, he was nature starved”. Attracted by Blutos description, the five