英语情态动词详解资料.ppt

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1、英语情态动词详解1.表示能力表示能力,指有能力做某事指有能力做某事,译为译为“能够能够”。2.-Can you use chopsticks?3.-He is only four,but he can read.4.-In the past,people could not count as we do now.(could表示过去的能力表示过去的能力)5.与与be able to的区别的区别:6.时态时态7.can只有现在时和过去时只有现在时和过去时,而而be able to有更多形有更多形式。式。can/could的用法的用法 与与be able to的区别的区别:成功地完成某一具体动作成

2、功地完成某一具体动作,用用was/were able to=managed to do/succeeded in doing表示经过一番努力表示经过一番努力,终于能够完成某事。终于能够完成某事。-The fire spread through the building quickly,but everyone was able to get out.can/could的用法的用法 区别补充区别补充 助动词后只用助动词后只用be able toThey will _ tell you the news soon.他很快就能告诉你消息了。他很快就能告诉你消息了。情态动词后只用情态动词后只用be a

3、ble to。They may _ do it.be able to be able to 考点练兵考点练兵1.They _tell you the news soon.A.will be able to B can C could 2.The boy _ play the piano very well，when he was seven.A.will be able to B can C could 2.表示请求或允许表示请求或允许,译为译为“可否可否”。-Can/Could you turn down the radio?(Could较客气较客气)-You can leave it to

4、 me.-He asked me if he could use my mobile phone.回答回答:Yes,you can.(肯定肯定)No,you cant.(否定否定)can/could的用法的用法 3.表示推测表示推测,含惊讶、怀疑的语气含惊讶、怀疑的语气,只用在疑问、只用在疑问、否定、感叹句中。否定、感叹句中。-Its so late.Can Tom be reading?(疑问疑问)-It cant be Mary.She has fallen ill.(否定否定)-How can you be so careless!(感叹感叹)can/could的用法的用法 4.cann

5、ot too译为译为“无论怎样无论怎样也不为过也不为过;越越越好越好”。-You cannot be too careful while driving a car on such a dark night.can/could的用法的用法 1.表示许可。表示许可。2.=be allowed to do3.-You may go now.4.-May/Might I dance with you?5.回答回答:6.Yes,you may/can.7.No,you mustnt.may/might的用法的用法 2.表示推测表示推测,只用于肯定句。只用于肯定句。-She may/might come

6、 here tomorrow.(may比比might可能性大一些可能性大一些)-They may be still waiting for us.典型例题典型例题Peter _B_come with us tonight,but he isnt very sure yet.A.mustB.may C.can D.willmay/might的用法的用法 3.用于祈使句用于祈使句,表示祝愿。表示祝愿。-May you succeed!4.may/might as well用于提出建议用于提出建议,译为译为“最好最好”。-You may/might as well stay at home toni

7、ght.may/might的用法的用法 1.表示义务表示义务,译为译为“必须必须”、“一定要一定要”。-You must hand in your homework.-Must I book the tickets in advance?回答回答:Yes,you must.(肯定肯定)No,you neednt./dont have to.(否定否定)must 的用法的用法 与与have to的区别的区别:否定意义不同否定意义不同mustnt表示禁止表示禁止,译为译为“不准不准”、“不允许不允许”。dont have to译为译为“不必不必”。-You mustnt smoke in the

8、office.-You dont have to call back tonight.must 的用法的用法 与与have to的区别的区别:时态时态must没有时态变化没有时态变化,而而have to有各种时态。有各种时态。must强调说话人的主观看法强调说话人的主观看法,have to强调外在强调外在的客观需要的客观需要,译为译为“不得不不得不”。-We must obey the traffic rules.-Since it is raining,she has to stay indoors.must 的用法的用法 have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而有人称、数、时态的变化，而m

9、ust只有一种只有一种形式。形式。He had to look after his sister yesterday.在否定结构中：在否定结构中：dont have to 表示表示不必不必mustnt表示表示“禁止禁止”，你不一定要把此事告诉他。你不一定要把此事告诉他。_你一定不要把这件事告诉他。你一定不要把这件事告诉他。_You dont have to tell him about it .You mustnt tell him about it.2.表示偏要表示偏要,硬要。硬要。-John,must you play the piano at such a late hour?-Who

10、is the girl standing over there?Well,if you must know,her name is Marry.must 的用法的用法 3.表示推测表示推测,只用于肯定句只用于肯定句,译为译为“肯定肯定”。否定。否定为为cant,译为译为“不可能不可能”。现在现在:must do/must be doing过去过去:must have done-You have worked hard all day.You must be tired now.-They are playing basketball.They must have finished their

11、homework.must 的用法的用法-The door is locked.She cant be at home.(当前推测当前推测)-I saw him just now so he cant/couldnt have gone abroad.cant 的用法的用法(过去推测过去推测)must 常考点常考点4在回答带有在回答带有must 的问句时，否定结构不用的问句时，否定结构不用mustnt 而用而用neednt dont have to.-Must I go home?-Yes,_-No _5 表示偏偏，干嘛表示偏偏，干嘛等责备含义等责备含义（指做令人不愉快的事（指做令人不愉快的事

12、情）情）The car must break down just when we were about to start off.Must you shout so loudly?mustneednt /dont have to.(干嘛干嘛 )(偏偏偏偏 )1.表示表示“应该应该”。2.=ought to-You should/ought to work hard.2.should表惊讶表惊讶,惋惜惋惜,译为译为“竟然竟然”。-I find it astonishing that he should be so rude to you.1.-I didnt expect that he sho

13、uld have finished the job ahead of time.should的用法的用法 3.根据经验或事实根据经验或事实,合理的推断。合理的推断。-Mary took dancing classes for years;she should be an excellent dancer.-Its said that there are plenty of hotels in that town.There should not be any difficulty for you to find somewhere to stay.should的用法的用法 1）用于第一人称的构

14、成一般将来时。）用于第一人称的构成一般将来时。2)一般用于二、三人称一般用于二、三人称陈述句陈述句中，表示命令、许诺、中，表示命令、许诺、警告、威胁，决心、义务、规定等。警告、威胁，决心、义务、规定等。You shall have my answer tomorrow He shall be sorry for it one day,I tell you.You shall do as I tell you.Nothing shall stop us from fighting against pollutionEach citizen shall carry ID card when tra

15、velling.(允诺允诺)（警告）（警告）（命令）（命令）(决心决心)义务、规定义务、规定shall的用法的用法 3)用于征求对方的意见和指示，用在一，三人称的疑用于征求对方的意见和指示，用在一，三人称的疑问句中。问句中。Shall I turn on the light?Shall he come to see you?_注：注：Shall+第三人称主格第三人称主格+do sth =Do you want+第三人称宾格第三人称宾格+to do sth.=Do you want him to see you?1.用于各种人称用于各种人称,表示意志、意愿、请求、自然表示意志、意愿、请求、自然规

16、律等。规律等。-I will tell you the details.-Will/Would you please be quiet?(Would较客气较客气)-If pure water is heated to 100,it will boil.will的用法的用法 2.表示习惯、倾向表示习惯、倾向,译为译为“总是总是”、“惯于惯于”。-He will sit there hour after hour doing nothing.-Every day,the couple would go for a walk in their neighbourhood hand in hand.(

17、过去的习惯过去的习惯)will的用法的用法 1）need 的意思是的意思是“”需要，既是需要，既是行为动词，行为动词，又是又是情态动词。情态动词。作形为动词时，他具有一般动词的各种形式作形为动词时，他具有一般动词的各种形式，（need、needs、needed、needing）,与助动与助动词（词（do、does、did）连用构成连用构成疑问句和否定句疑问句和否定句，后面接后面接名词或动词不定式名词或动词不定式作宾语。作宾语。作为情态动词，只有作为情态动词，只有一种形式一种形式，没有人称和数，没有人称和数的变化，后的变化，后接动词原形接动词原形，与，与not 连用时构连用时构need not的

18、否定式，疑问句把的否定式，疑问句把need提前。提前。need的用法的用法 1)I need a new computer.2)Your room need painting 3)He doesnt need to work late into the night.4)I need to get a new car.5)Need he work so late?yes,he must no,he neednt.6)you neednt walk that fast,need you?你不必走那么快，是吗？你不必走那么快，是吗？实义动词情态动词实义动词实义动词实义动词情态动词注意注意1：need

19、 的被动含义：的被动含义：need,want,require,worth（形容词）后面接（形容词）后面接doing也可以表示被也可以表示被动：动：need doing=need to be done注意注意2：need 作情态动词不用在肯定句中，只用于作情态动词不用在肯定句中，只用于疑疑问句和否定句问句和否定句中，中，1 它既可以作它既可以作行为动词行为动词又可以作又可以作情态动词情态动词，作情态动词时，主要用于作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句，否定句及条件句疑问句，否定句及条件句中，中，陈述句中很少使用但（陈述句中很少使用但（I dare say）除外。没人称和数）除外。没人称和数的变化，但有时

20、态变化，过去时为的变化，但有时态变化，过去时为dared.否定式为否定式为darent.How dare you say Im unfair?He dare not speak English before such a crowd,dare he?情态动词情态动词dare的用法的用法 作行为动词时，有时态，人称和数的变化，作行为动词时，有时态，人称和数的变化，所不同的是，作行为动词时，在肯定句中，其后常所不同的是，作行为动词时，在肯定句中，其后常接带接带to的动词不定式的动词不定式，但在，但在否定句和疑问句中，其后的否定句和疑问句中，其后的to 可省可不省。可省可不省。如：如：I dare

21、to swim across this river.He does not dare(to)answer Dont you dare(to)touch it?need/dare的用法的用法 情态助动词情态助动词 实义动词实义动词肯定肯定/He dares to escape.He needs to escape否定否定He darent escape.He neednt escape.He doesnt dare(to)escape.He doesnt need to escape.疑问疑问Dare he escape?Need he escape?Does he dare(to)escape

22、?Does he need to escape=can情态动词不用于肯定句。情态动词不用于肯定句。情态动词情态动词dare有过去时有过去时dared。1.He _ through the forest alone.A.dare walk B.dare to walk B.C.dares walking D.dares to walk C.2.He hardly _ say anything more,since you know all about it.D.A.dont need to B.needsE.C.need D.neednt练一练练一练 情态动词不用于肯定句。情态动词不用于肯定句。

23、情态动词情态动词=can3._ climb that tall tree?A.Would you dare B.Dare you to C.Dare you D.Will you dare 4.Jim _ his strict father,for he failed in the examination once again.A.didnt dare to see B.not dare to seeC.didnt dared to see D.dare no to see练一练练一练 情态动词情态动词=Can you行为动词行为动词=didnt like to see情态动词情态动词表示推测

24、的用法表示推测的用法 can,could,may,might,must 皆可表示推测，其皆可表示推测，其用法如下：用法如下：1）情态动词）情态动词+动词原形。动词原形。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。为系动词。I dont know where she is,she may be in Wuhan.2）情态动词）情态动词+动词现在进行时。动词现在进行时。表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。At this moment,our teacher must be correcting our e

25、xam papers.3）情态动词）情态动词+动词完成时。动词完成时。表示对过去情况的推测。表示对过去情况的推测。The road is wet.It must have rained last night.地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。4）情态动词）情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。动词的现在完成进行时。表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。Your mother must have been looking for you.你妈妈一定一直在找你。你妈妈一定一直在找你。5）推测的否定形式，疑问形式用）推测的否定形式，疑问形式用cant,cou

26、ldnt表示。表示。Mike cant have found his car,for he came to work by bus this morning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。车来上班的。注意：注意：could,might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如的程度不如can,may。典型例题典型例题1）-Could I borrow your dictionary?-Yes,of course,you_.A.mightB.will C.can D.should 答案答案C.cou

27、ld表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中语中of course，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用时，用can和和 may来表达，不能用来表达，不能用could或或might。复习：复习：will 与与you连用，用来提出要求或下命令。连用，用来提出要求或下命令。should与与you 连用，用来提出劝告。连用，用来提出劝告。2）-Shall I tell John about it?-No,you _.Ive told him already.A.neednt B.wouldntC.mustnt D.shouldnt 答案答案A。

28、neednt 不必，不用。不必，不用。wouldnt 将不将不,不不会的。会的。mustnt 禁止、不能。禁止、不能。shouldnt不应该。不应该。本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用neednt。3）-Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.-_.A.I dont B.I wont C.I cantD.I havent 答案答案B.will既可当作情态动词，表请求、建议、也既可当作情态动词，表请求、建议、也可可作为实义动词表作为实义动词表“意愿意愿、意志、决心、意志、决心”，本题表示，本题表示决决心，选心，

29、选B。14 区别微妙的情态动词练习区别微妙的情态动词练习 情态动词在近年来的高考试题中的难度日渐加大，不仅是由情态动词在近年来的高考试题中的难度日渐加大，不仅是由于情态动词表示说话人的语气和心态等，而且这些往往是需用心于情态动词表示说话人的语气和心态等，而且这些往往是需用心体会而得的。由于语气的暗示在题目中变得更隐蔽，语气的变化体会而得的。由于语气的暗示在题目中变得更隐蔽，语气的变化更微妙，因而更综合化了。更微妙，因而更综合化了。难点磁场难点磁场1.()I didnt hear the phone I_ asleep.A.must be B.must have beenC.should be

30、D.should have been2.()We _ last night,but we went to the concert instead.A.must have studied B.might studyC.should have studied D.would study3.()John,you_ play with the knife,you_hurt yourself.A.wont;cant B.mustnt;mayC.shouldnt;must D.cant;shouldnt4.()Its nearly seven oclock.Jack_ be here at any mom

31、ent.A.mustB.needC.shouldD.can5.()She_for what she has done,but why do you keep silent on it?A.ought to praise B.ought to have praisedC.ought to be praised D.ought to have been praised6.()If your boss is not right,you_him.A.mustnt obey B.dont have to obeyC.wouldnt have obey D.cant have obey7.()Shall

32、I call a doctor for you?_.I will be better soon.A.Yes,you may B.No,you mustntC.No,you neednt D.Id rather not8.()Would you like to go shopping with me tonight?_.A.Id love so B.Ill like toC.I would like thatD.Id love to9.()He_ you more help,even though he was very busy.A.might have given B.mightC.may

33、have given D.may give10.()Noise_ harmful in China.A.didnt use to be consideredB.usednt to considerC.didnt use to consider D.isnt used to be considered案例探究案例探究1.Will you stay for lunch?Sorry,_ my brother is coming to see me.A.I mustntB.I cantC.I needntD.I wont2.Sorry Im late.I_ have turned off the al

34、arm clock and gone back to sleep again.(2000年春季高考北京年春季高考北京)A.might B.should C.can D.will 情态动词考查热点透视 情态动词是情态动词是中中高考考查的重点语法项高考考查的重点语法项目之一，全国普通高考各地试题对此都有目之一，全国普通高考各地试题对此都有考查。下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的考查。下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析，以便同学情态动词的考点进行归纳分析，以便同学们复习掌握。们复习掌握。一、情态动词表推测一、情态动词表推测 1.肯定的推测一般用肯定的推测一般用must,should

35、,may（might）或或could（不用（不用can），其中，），其中，must的语气最强，译为的语气最强，译为“肯定肯定”、“准是准是”、“想必是想必是”；should的语气次的语气次之，译为之，译为“很可能很可能”、“应该应该”，指按常理推测；，指按常理推测；may（might），），could的语气最弱，译为的语气最弱，译为“也许也许”、“可能可能”。Helen _ go on the trip with us but she isnt quite sure yet.（2005年安徽卷）年安徽卷）A.shall B.must C.may D.can Ive taken someone

36、elses green sweater by mistake.It _ Harrys.He always wears green.（2005年广东年广东卷）卷）A.has to be B.will be C.mustnt be D.could be I have lost one of my gloves.I _ it somewhere.（2005年北京春季卷）年北京春季卷）A.must drop B.must have dropped C.must be dropping D.must have been dropped If I _ plan to do anything I wante

37、d to,Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.（2005年湖北卷）年湖北卷）A.would B.could C.had to D.ought to 2.否定推测分为两种情况：否定推测分为两种情况：1）语气不很肯定时，常用）语气不很肯定时，常用may not,might not或或could not，译为，译为“可能不可能不”、“也许不也许不”。2）否定语气较强时，则用）否定语气较强时，则用cant，译为，译为“根根本不可能本不可能”、“想必不会想必不会”，表示惊异、怀疑，表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩

38、。的感情色彩。1)You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers _ not like the design of the furniture.（2004年上海春季卷）年上海春季卷）A.must B.shall C.may D.need 2)Do you know where David is?I couldnt find him anywhere.Well.He _ have gone farhis coats still here.（2005年湖北卷）年湖北卷）A.shouldnt B.mustnt C.ca

39、nt D.wouldnt 3)Isnt that Anns husband over there?No,it _ be him Im sure he doesnt wear glasses.（2004年全国卷年全国卷）A.cant B.must not C.wont D.may not 3.疑问句中的推测，往往用疑问句中的推测，往往用can或或could。Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？（2001年上海春季卷）年上海春季卷）A.can B.should

40、 C.may D.must 4.对已发生事情的肯定推测常用对已发生事情的肯定推测常用“must,may,might等等+完成式完成式”；否定推测常用；否定推测常用“can,could,may,might等等+完成式完成式”。1)He _ have completed his work;otherwise,he wouldnt be enjoying himself by seaside.（2005年北京卷）年北京卷）A.should B.must C.wouldnt D.cant 2)Tom is never late for work.Why is be absent today?Somet

41、hing _ to him.（2005年江西卷）年江西卷）A.must happen B.should have happened C.could have happened D.must have happened 3)My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon,so he_your lecture.（2000年上海卷）年上海卷）A.couldnt have attended B.neednt have atterded C.mustnt have attended D.shouldnt have attended 二

42、、二、“情态动词情态动词+完成式完成式”1.“should（ought to）+完成式完成式”表示本应该做某事而实际表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做。其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。上没有做。其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.You_ her last week.（2004年福建卷）年福建卷）A ought to tell B would have told C must tell D should have told Oh,Im not feeling well in the stomach,I _

43、 so much fried chicken just now.（2002年上海春季卷）年上海春季卷）A.shouldnt eat B.mustnt have eaten C.shouldnt have eaten D.mustnt eat 2.“could+完成式完成式”表示本来能够做成某事的但结果表示本来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成，含有遗憾的意味。没能做成，含有遗憾的意味。He paid for a seat,when he _ have entered free.（2005年山东卷）年山东卷）A.could B.would C.must D.need 3.“neednt+不定式的完成式

44、不定式的完成式”表示本来不必做某表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。例如：事而实际上做了某事。例如：You neednt have watered the flowers,for it is going to rain.你本不需要浇花的，因为天就要你本不需要浇花的，因为天就要下雨了。下雨了。Catherine,I have cleaned the room for you.Thanks.You _ it.I could manage it myself.（2005年福建卷）年福建卷）A.neednt do B.neednt have done C.mustnt do D.shouldnt ha

45、ve done 三、常见的情态动词三、常见的情态动词 1.shall用于一、二、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见；用于用于一、二、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见；用于二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。等。“The interest be divided into five parts,according to the agreement made by both sides，”declared the judge.（2004年重庆卷）年重庆卷）A.may B.should C.must D.shall Excuse m

46、e,but I want to use your computer to type a report.You _ have my computer if you dont take care of it.（2004年湖南卷）年湖南卷）A.shant B.might not C.neednt D.shouldnt The room is so dirty._ we clean it?Of course.（2003年北京春季卷）年北京春季卷）A.Will B.Shall C.Would D.Do 2.must用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“

47、偏偏偏，偏要偏，偏要”；mustnt表示禁止，是说话人强有力的劝告表示禁止，是说话人强有力的劝告。John,look at the time._ you play the piano at such a late hour？（2005年全国卷年全国卷）A.Must B.Can C.May D.Need Tom,you leave all your clothes on the floor like this！（2005年全国卷年全国卷）A.wouldnt B.mustnt C.neednt D.may not 3.neednt表示表示“没有必要没有必要”。Lucy doesnt mind le

48、nding you her dictionary.She _.Ive already borrowed one.（2005年湖南卷）年湖南卷）A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.shouldnt 4.would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。When he was there,he _ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.（1996年上海卷）年上海卷）A.would B.should C.had better D.might 5.表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作，

49、只能用表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作，只能用was/were able to，而不能用，而不能用could。The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.（1997年年全国卷）全国卷）A.had to B.would C.was able to D.could 6.考查情态动词用作答语的情况考查情态动词用作答语的情况 Write to me when you get home._.（2001年北京春季卷）年北京春季卷）A.I must B.I should C.I will D.I can Could

50、 I call you by your first name？Yes,you _.（1998年上海卷）年上海卷）A.will B.could C.may D.might 情态动词过关检测题情态动词过关检测题 1.-Tom graduated from college at a very young age.-Oh,he _ have been a very smart boy then.A.could B.should C.might D.must 2.“The interest _ be divided into five parts,according to the agreement m