英语演讲的艺术week-two教学教材.ppt

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1、英语演讲的艺术week-twoYou cant become a skilled speaker just by following a set of rules in a textbook.Theres no substitute for experience.Plan your first speech,concentrate on such basics as speaking intelligibly,avoiding distracting mannerisms,and establishing eye contact with your listeners.Methods of D

2、eliveryReading from a manuscript.Reciting from memory.Speaking impromptu.Speaking extemporaneously.Reading From a ManuscriptManuscript speech:a speech that is written out word for word and read to the audience.Certain speeches must be delivered word for word,according to a meticulously prepared manu

3、script,e.g.,an engineers report,a prime minister.Skills of delivering a speech from manuscript:1.Establish eye contact with your listeners;march through the speech with glancing at your audience.2.Impress them with talking with them.3.Practice aloud to make sure the speech sounds natural.4.Be certai

4、n the final manuscript is legible at a glance.5.Reach out to your audience with directness and sincerity.Reciting From MemoryRecite a memorized text.Toasts,congratulatory remarks,acceptance speeches,introductions,and the like.Prepared speeches in competitions such as the CCTV Cup and the 21st Centur

5、y Cup.Be sure to memorize the speech thoroughly.So you can concentrate on communicating with your audience.Speaking ImpromptuImpromptu speech:a speech delivered with little or no immediate preparation.A class discussion,business meeting,or committee report,respond to a previous speaker.Pay close att

6、ention to what the other speakers say;take notes of major points whit which you agree or disagree.Formulate what you will say.Respond to a previous speaker,present the speech in four simple steps:1.State the point you are answering.2.State the point you wish to make.3.Support your point with evidenc

7、e and reasoning.4.summarize your point.Begin speaking,maintain strong eye contact with the audience.Help them keep track of your ideas with signposts such as“My first point is;second,we can see that;in conclusion,I would like to say”.Best way to be a good impromptu speaker:practice,practice and prac

8、tice.Show sample video.Speaking ExtemporaneouslyExtemporaneous speech:a carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes or a speaking outline to jog the memory.The exact wording is chosen at the moment of delivery.Each time you run through your speech,the wording

9、will be slightly different.View a video:Yoga,Uniting Mind,Body,and Spirit.The Speakers VoiceA golden voice is an asset for any public speaker,but not a necessity.You can overcome natural disadvantages and use your voice to the best effect.The aspects of voice:volume,pitch,rate,pauses,variety,pronunc

10、iation,and articulation.Volume 音量Volume:the loudness or softness of a speakers voice.In the past,a powerful voice is essential.Today,electronic amplification,such as microphone,makes even a soft-spoken voice heard in any setting.Adjust your voice to the acoustics of the room,the size of the audience

11、,and the level of background noise.Remember your own voice sounds louder to you than a listener.Glance at the farthest audience.If they look puzzled,lean forward,or strain to hear,you need to talk louder.Pitch 音高Pitch:the highness or lowness of a speakers voice.Changes in pitch are called inflection

12、s.They give voice luster,warmth,and vitality.They reveal whether you ask a question or make a statement,whether you are sincere or sarcastic.They make you sound happy or sad,angry or pleased,dynamic or listless,tense or relaxed.Avoid ending all your sentences on the same inflection.Otherwise,its mon

13、otony.Vary your pitch patterns to fit the meaning of your words.Rate 语速Rate:the speed at which a person speaks.Native speakers of English:120-150 words per minute.Avoid speaking so slowly that your listeners become bored.Avoid speaking so quickly that they lose track of your ideas.Note where you sho

14、uld slow down or speed up.Pauses 停顿Pause:a momentary break in the vocal delivery of a speech.Learning how and when to pause is a major challenge for most speakers.A keen sense of timing is partly a matter of common sense,partly a matter of experience.Pause at the end of thought units and not in the

15、middle.Not fill in the silence with“um”,“er”,or“well”.These vocalized pauses distract to listeners and damage a speakers credibility.Vocalized pause:a pause that occurs when a speaker fills the silence between words with vocalizations such as“um”,“er”,or“well”.Vocal Variety 抑扬顿挫Vocal variety:changes

16、 in a speakers rate,pitch,and volume that give the voice interest and expressiveness.A flat,listless,unchanging voice is just as deadly to speechmaking as a flat,listless,unchanging routine is to daily life.Vary the rate,pitch,and volume of your voice to communicate your ideas and feelings.As you pr

17、actice your speeches,record them to hear how they sound.Try them out on members of your family,a friend,or a roommate.View“Questions of culture”as an example of vocal variety.Pronunciation 发音Pronunciation:the accepted standard of sound and rhythm for words in a given language.Native speakers of Engl

18、ish are very tolerant of pronunciation errors by nonnative speakers,but they expect a higher degree of accuracy in formal speeches.Pay special attention to words that are difficult for you to pronounce and practice them until you can say them correctly.If you have any doubts about particular words,c

19、heck an online dictionary that includes audio pronunciation.Articulation 吐字Articulation:the physical production of particular speech sounds.Articulation and pronunciation are not identical.Poor articulation:caused by laziness-by failing to manipulate the lips,tongue,jaw,and soft palate.View the begi

20、nning of“Globalization and Chinese Values of Harmony”for an example of excellent English articulation.The Speakers BodyKinesics（人体动作学）:the study of body motions,such as posture,facial expression,gestures,eye contact and other body motions,as a systematic mode of communication.More than 700,000 physi

21、cal signals can be sent through bodily movement.More than 2,400 years ago,Greek historian Herodotus(希罗多德)said:People trust their ears less than their eyes.”When a speakers body language is inconsistent with his or her words,listeners often believe the body language rather than the words.Major Aspect

22、s of Physical ActionPersonal appearanceEye contactGesturesmovementPersonal AppearanceIt plays an important role in speechmaking.Listeners always see you before they hear you.Dress and groom appropriately to evoke a favorable first impression.Eye ContactEye contact:direct visual contact with the eyes

23、 of another person.Different cultural backgrounds:Arabs,Latin Americans,and Southern Europeans look directly at the person with whom they are talking.People in some Asian countries and parts of Africa engage in less eye contact.Look at your listeners personally and pleasantly:one of the quickest way

24、 to establish a communicative bond with them.Not avoid their gaze.A small audience:look briefly from one person to another.A larger group:scan the audience.Eyes:convey confidence,sincerity,and conviction.View an excerpt from“Making a Difference Through the Special Olympics”for an example of strong e

25、ye contact.Gestures Gestures:motions of a speakers hands or arms during a speech.A speaker is troubled by:what to do with my hands?Adroit gestures can add to the impact of a speech.Effective speakers dont need a vast repertoire of gestures.Primary rule:whatever gestures you make should not distract

26、from your message.Appear natural and spontaneous,help clarify or reinforce your ideas.Be suited to the audience and occasion.Avoid flailing them about,wringing them together,or sticking them in your pockets.MovementNovice speakers are often unsure what to do with their body while giving a speech.Som

27、ething important:what you do just before you begin and after you finish.Rise to speak:try to appear calm,poised,and confident despite the butterflies in your stomach.Reach the lectern:not lean on it,not rush into your speech.Give yourself time to get set.Arrange your notes.Stand quietly as you wait

28、to make sure the audience is paying attention.Establish eye contact with your listeners.Then-and only then-should you start to talk.Reach the end:maintain eye contact for a few moments after you stop talking.Give your closing line time to sink in.Collect your notes and return to your seat.As you do

29、so,maintain your cool,collected demeanor.Not start gather your notes before you finish talking.Not cap off your speech with a huge sigh of relief or some words like,Whew!Am I glad thats over!”Practicing DeliveryPractice makes perfect.Practice the right things in the right way.The End!此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢