国际贸易实务第七单元Packing.ppt

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1、国际贸易实务双语教程国际贸易实务双语教程(INTERNATIONAL Business Practice)ReviewWhatarethemeasuringunitsusuallyusedinourcountry?Methods of Calculating Weight ExercisesChapter 7 PackingWeight（重量）（重量）Number（个数）（个数）Measuring UnitsLength（长度）（长度）Area（面积）（面积）Volume（体积）（体积）Capacity（容积）（容积）Package（包件）（包件）1Weight Calculation（重量的

2、计算）（重量的计算）1)By Gross Weight（按毛量）（按毛量）2)By Net Weight（按净重）（按净重）3)Conditioned Weight（公量）（公量）4)Theoretical Weight（理论重量）（理论重量）5)Legal Weight（法定重量）（法定重量）2More or Less Clause（溢短装条款）（溢短装条款）Chapter 7 PackingContents of this ChapterFunction of PackingKinds of PackingMarking of PackagePacking,in business prac

3、tice,is one of the most important problems that confront the merchants engaged in foreign trade.It needs more care in export trade than domestic trade.The real art of packing is to get the contents into nice,compact shape that will stay in perfect condition with nothing missing during the roughest j

4、ourney.Introduction Section One The function of Packing3 Practical suggestions for packing methods P133 1 Problems in Transport?P131 2 Purpose of Packing?P132 1 Problems in Transport 2 Purpose of Packing 3 Practical suggestions for packing methods Section Two Kinds/types of Packing The kinds of carg

5、oes are various in international trade,from the view point of whether they need packing,they fall into three kinds:Nude Cargo（裸裸装装货货）Bulk Cargo（散散装装货货）Packed Cargo（包包装装货货）Nude cargoes or nude packed commodities refer to those kinds of cargoes whose qualities are more stable and to be shipped without

6、 any packages or in simple bundles.They are not easy to be influenced by outside circumstances and they become single pieces of their own.They are difficult to be packed or do not need any packing,such as steel products,lead ingot,timber,rubber,automobile,etc.Nude Cargo 2)Cargo in Bulk/Bulk CargoCar

7、go in bulk refer to those goods which are shipped or even sold without packages on the conveyance in bulk,such as oil,ore,grain,coal,etc.Bulk shipment is usually applicable for large quantity of commodities that are to be shipped by means of transport with special purposed shipping equipment.Bulk sh

8、ipment has the advantages of space saving,quick handling and lower freight.Packed CargoMostofcommoditiesininternationaltradeneedcertaindegreeofpackingduringtheshipping,storingandsalesprocess.Packedcargoesrefertothosewhichneedshipping packing,marketing packingorboth.Packing ContainersBarrelPacking Co

9、ntainersPacking ContainersPacking ContainersPacking ContainersPacking ContainersPacking ContainersPacking ContainersTransport/Shipping Packing and Sales/Marketing Packing（运输包装和销售包装）（运输包装和销售包装）1)Transport/shipping(outer packing)（运输包装）（运输包装）2)Sales/Marketing Packing（销售包装）（销售包装）3)Neutral Packing(中性包装中性

10、包装)The two kinds of shipping packing(1)Single piece packing（单件运输包装）（单件运输包装）P137(2)Collective packing（集合运输包装）（集合运输包装）P137 The cargoes are packed as a single unit,i.e.,a measuring unit,in the transportation process.Single piece packing can be sub-divided into the following two kinds:According to style

11、:cases,drums,bags,bales,bundles,etc.According to material:cartons,wooden cases,iron drums,wooden casks,plastic casks,paper bags,gunny bags,plastic bags,etc.(1)Single piece packing（单件运输包装）（单件运输包装）P137 Collective packing is also called group shipping packing by which a certain number of single pieces

12、are grouped together to form a big packing or are packed in a big container.Collective packing can be classified into:(2)Collective packing（集合运输包装）（集合运输包装）P137 Flexible container（集装包和集装袋）（集装包和集装袋）Container（集装箱）（集装箱）Pallet（托盘）（托盘）P 137-138Brands designated by the buyer refers to the packing that the

13、goods should be packed according to the trade marks and brands by the buyer.As to the goods to be ordered regularly in large quantities for a long time by foreign customers,in order to expand sales,we can accept trade marks designated by buyers with indicating the mark of the manufacturing country,t

14、hat is,the neutral packing with brands designated by the buyers.Sometimes we may accept trade marks or brands designated by buyers from foreign countries,but under the trade marks and brands,we indicate“Made in the Peoples Republic of China”or“Made in China”.In some other cases,we may accept the des

15、ignated trade marks or brands and at the same time,under the trade marks or brands we indicate that the goods are made by a factory in the buyers country,i.e.,trade marks or brands and origins designated by the buyers.Section Three Marking of Package 包装标志包装标志 Classification of Marking Package 包装标志的分

16、类包装标志的分类 When talking about transport packing,the packing mark(or marking of package)of course has to be referred to.Packing mark or recognition mark refers to different diagrams,words and figures which are written,printed,or brushed on the outside of the shipping packing in order that it is easy an

17、d convenient for goods loading,unloading,store,inspection and discharge.Package should not be marked with crayons,tags or card.The best method of marking is to stencil the marks on the outside of the package.Some exporters paint the marks with a brush and indelibleink.All in all,mark should be perma

18、nent and easily read at a glance.According to the uses of the packing mark,it can be divided into 1)Shipping Marks（运输标志）（运输标志）2)Indicative Marks（指示性标志）（指示性标志）3)Warning Marks（警告性标志）（警告性标志）4)Supplementary(or Additional)Marks（附加标志）（附加标志）Shipping marks are marks of simple designs,some letters,numbers an

19、d simple words on packages,often stenciled,that serve as identification of the consignment to which they belong.It is one of the most important elements which are agreed on by the exporter and the importer in a sales contract.The shipping mark consists of 1)Shipping Marks（运输标志）（运输标志）Name or code of

20、destination;Code of consignee or consignor;Piece number,serial number,contract number or license number.Simple shipping marks are generally made up of four parts:(1)Consignees code(2)Consignors code(3)Name or code of Destination(4)Package number/piece number We usually make use of the simple,noticea

21、ble design,remarkable diagrams and simple words on the packages to remain the relative workers of the items for attention when they load,unload,carry and store the goods,such as:HANDLE WITH CARE,THIS SIDE UP(See Fig.7-3),etc.Printed in black color generally.2)Indicative Marks（指示性标志）（指示性标志）P143Thewar

22、ningmarkisalsocalleddangerouscargomarkorshippingmarkfordangerouscommodities,whichisbrushed/printedclearlyanddefinitelyontheshippingpackingoftheinflammable,explosive,poisonous,corrosiveorradioactivegoods,soastogivewarningstotheworkers/dockers/crew.3)Warning Marks（警告性标志）（警告性标志）Warning marks are usuall

23、y made up of simple geometrical diagrams,word descriptions and particular pictures,as to which,every country usually has its own stipulation.P 144Supplementary marks are any official marks required by authorities.Some countries require the country of origin to be marked on every package,and weight a

24、nd dimensions may also be required.4)Supplementary(or Additional)Marks（附加标志）（附加标志）Packing terms in the contract are extremely important for the exporter.They are often written in this way:“Goods must be packed in”.Sometimes the buyer may ask the exporter to pack the goods in his design.If his requir

25、ements can be met by you,you can accept his terms.Otherwise,try to persuade the buyer to adopt your own or traditional packing instead.Sometimes neutral packing is offered.-Stencilthemarksonthetwofaces/sides(frontandbackside)ontheouterpackage.Indicative markWarning markShipping markOriginal markPack

26、age Mark 运输标志的构成*目的地的名称或代号；*收货人和发货人的代号；*件号、批号、合同号或许可证号。收收货货人人目的港目的港整批整批货货物物600件中件中的第一件的第一件合同号合同号三角形的运三角形的运输标输标志志整批整批货货物物总总共共600件件常用指示性标志 滑滑动动开开门门 滑滑动动开开门门 推开推开 拉开拉开 SLIDE SLIDE PUSH PULL WATERPROOF THIS SIDE UP FRANGIBLE NO HOOKS 防潮防潮 此端朝上此端朝上 易碎品易碎品 禁用禁用钩钩WARNING MARKS（警告性标志）当心火灾当心火灾易燃物质易燃物质 当心火灾当心

27、火灾氧化物氧化物 当心爆炸当心爆炸爆炸性物质爆炸性物质ExercisesFill in the blanks with what you have learned:1、包装标志包括（、包装标志包括（）。）。2、运输包装的主要作用在于（、运输包装的主要作用在于（）,防止在储存、运输和装防止在储存、运输和装卸过程中发生货损货差。卸过程中发生货损货差。3、国际上通用的包装上的条形码有两种、国际上通用的包装上的条形码有两种:一种是用美国一种是用美国,加加拿大组织的统一编码委员会编制拿大组织的统一编码委员会编制,其使用的物品标识符号为其使用的物品标识符号为（）码）码;另一种是欧共体的欧洲物品编码协会编制

28、另一种是欧共体的欧洲物品编码协会编制,其使用其使用的物品标识符号为（的物品标识符号为（）码）码.4、中性包装包括（、中性包装包括（）和（）和（）.5、运输包装上的标志按其用途可分为（、运输包装上的标志按其用途可分为（）、（）、（）和（）和（）.6、联合国欧洲经济委员会简化国际贸易程序工作组向各国、联合国欧洲经济委员会简化国际贸易程序工作组向各国推荐的标准运输标志包括四项内容推荐的标准运输标志包括四项内容:（）、（）、（）、（）、（）、）、和（和（）.True or False1.国际贸易中国际贸易中,如一方违反合同的包装条款如一方违反合同的包装条款,另一方只能提出损害赔偿另一方只能提出损害赔偿

29、,但无权拒收货物但无权拒收货物.()2.销售包装的主要作用在于保护商品销售包装的主要作用在于保护商品,以防在储运过程中发生货损货以防在储运过程中发生货损货差差.()3.包装标识包括运输标志包装标识包括运输标志,指示性标志和警告性标志指示性标志和警告性标志,在买卖合同及有在买卖合同及有关运输单据中关运输单据中,对上述三种标志的内容都应做出明确规定对上述三种标志的内容都应做出明确规定.()4.中性包装的使用主要是为了避免一些关税及非关税壁垒中性包装的使用主要是为了避免一些关税及非关税壁垒.()5.运输包装上的标志就是指运输标志，也就是通常所说的唛头（运输包装上的标志就是指运输标志，也就是通常所说的

30、唛头（）6.我国从日本进口货物，如按我国从日本进口货物，如按 FOB 条件成交，需由我方派船到日本条件成交，需由我方派船到日本口岸接货；如按口岸接货；如按 CIF 条件成交，则由日本租船舶和将货物运往中国条件成交，则由日本租船舶和将货物运往中国港口，可见，我方按港口，可见，我方按 FOB 进口承担的货物运输风险，比按进口承担的货物运输风险，比按 CIF 进进口承担的风险大。（口承担的风险大。（）7.买卖合同中一般均应该规定运输标志、指示性标志、警告性标志。买卖合同中一般均应该规定运输标志、指示性标志、警告性标志。（）Case StudyOneChineseexportcompanyexport

31、edsomegoodstoCanada,valuedat$800000.Thecontractstatedthatitshouldbepackedinplasticbags,markswithEnglishandFrenchoneachitem.ButtheChinesecompanyusedotherpackaginginsteadintheactualdelivery,andstillusedonlyEnglishmarks.Theforeignmerchant,inordertoadapttotherequirementsofthelocalmarketandsales,hiredpeo

32、pletochangethepackingandshippingmarks.ThenheaskedforclaimagainsttheChinesecompany.TheChinesecompanyrecognizedsomethingwrong,socompensatedthecustomer.Question:Trytoanalysethecase.AnswerAt present,many countries made regulations about packaging and labeling for commodities sold in the market and the i

33、mported goods must conform to the regulations,or else they will be prohibited for import or sale in the market.Label is a sign which is attached on the goods or packaging referring to the country,manufacturer,name of goods,goods components,quality characteristics,use method,etc.In making the sales p

34、ackage label,we should pay attention to the relevant state regulations for the administration of the label.Some developed countries often avail of these regulations as means of import restrictions which should cause enough attention.For example,in the European Union,there has a series of merchandise

35、;basic content is commodity itself or packaging must with correct tags that can be fully read,and understandable.From this perspective,the seller failed to strictly,according to contract,perform prescribed packing conditions which shall be deemed to be the obligation to a breach of contract.Our comp

36、any has two faults,one is changing packaging materials,although the quality of goods itself is not affected;the another fault is that the mark is not stipulated according to the contract,due to the products belonging to the French area,the filling is often in French.Anyhow,in order to successfully e

37、xport,we must understand and adapt to the special requirements of different state regulations,in order to reduce unnecessary trouble AnAustraliancompanydealtwithusincottonformanyyears.Onedaytheysentusacoat,sayingthatthecoatwasasamplemadebyagarmentfactorywithourdyeingclothunderourexportcontract.Itwas

38、saidthatthetwosleevesofthesamplecoathadobviousdifference,provingthatthesupplyqualitycolorofourendwasbadandcouldntbeused.Theyrequestedtoreturnallthegarmentssewnandmakeanotherdeliveryofthesamequalityandquantityasbeingstipulatedinthecontract.Question:So,howshouldwereply?Why?AnswerWehavenothingtodowitht

39、hecaseandshallrefusecompensation.Reasonsare:(1)Thecontractorhasdeliveredthecottontotheclothesvendorsandthatmeansanacceptanceofourgoods.Whoeverhasacceptedthegoods,thebuyerhaslosttherightofreturnandrequirementsofthereplacementgoods.(2)Article82oftheUnitedNationsConventiononContractsoftheInternationalS

40、alesofGoodsstipulates:ifthebuyercannotreturnthegoodsthatisaccordingtotheactualreceipt,helosttherightofreturnandrequirementsofthereplacementgoods.BritishMooreCompanywiththeconditionofCIF,boughtfromLanTuocompany300casesofcannedfruitinAustralia.Thecontractwithaprovisionreads:“Packedincarton,30tinsineac

41、hcarton.”Itwasfoundthat150casesthatthesellerdeliveredwere30tinsineachcarton,therestwere24tinsperbox.Thebuyerrefusedthegoodswhilethesellerarguedthat30tinsperboxisnotanimportantpartofthecontract,andwiththequality,nomatteritwas30or24tinsperbox,itwascorrespondtothecontractsqualityrequirement,therefore,t

42、hebuyershouldaccept.Question:Pleaseanalysethecase.AnswerThelawinsomecountriesdividesthesaleintotwocategories,salebysampleandsalebyillustration.Thelatterincludesaverywidescope,notonlyinvolvesgoodsqualityissues,alsoincludingquantity,eveninthecontractonshipment,packagingandgoodswiththestatement.Accordi

43、ngtotheBritishbusinesslaw,allthe“explanation”itemsaretheelementsofthecontract.Iftheyareviolated,thebuyerisentitledtotherejectionofthegoodsandmaylodgeaclaim.Inthiscase,theBritishlawbelievesthatpackagingbelongsto“explanation”partthatisvitalandsincethesellermadeabreachofcontract,thebuyerhadreasonstorefuseallthegoods,andalsocouldacceptthepartfulfillingthatarewiththeprovisionsandrejectingtherestandclaimfordamages.ExercisePlease finish the exercise in the text bookCase Study:Please read your case book