商务英语阅读Unit5-叶兴国.ppt
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1、UNIT 52014.10Business English:A Reading CourseBACKGROUND INFORMATION有人说:你不理财,财不理你。如何理财?有人投资停车场、农场牲畜、金币:价值可能降低,但较稳妥保险;专业人士建议,考虑“钱生钱”:购买债券、债券型基金和货币市场基金、黄金、艺术品、房地产、纪念币和邮票等,要善于管理,确保它们产出利润;关注私人不动产抵押贷款和汽车保险,以避免不必要的损失;善于利用打折信息,减少货币支出;网上购物等。WARM-UP QUESTIONS1.1.At At the the time time of of the the worldwid
2、e worldwide economic economic recession,recession,financial financial management management becomes becomes more more necessary necessary than than ever ever before.before.Have Have you you ever ever thought thought of of how how to to keep keep more more cash cash when when we are losing money ever
3、y day?we are losing money every day?2.With the gyrations in the financial markets,2.With the gyrations in the financial markets,what can investors do to seek refuge from the what can investors do to seek refuge from the financial storm?financial storm?Business English:A Reading CourseREADING SKILLS:
4、INTRODUCE THE BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT BUSINESS ENGLISH READING Basic reading skills:1)Skimming 1)Skimming 略读:略读:2)Skipping 2)Skipping 跳读:跳读:skimming_and_scanning.docskimming_and_scanning.doc3)Guessing the new words 3)Guessing the new words 猜测生词:猜测生词:Business English:A Reading CourseREADING SKILLS:IN
5、TRODUCE THE BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT BUSINESS ENGLISH READING Questions:1.What is word formation?1.What is word formation?2.What are the word formations we often use?2.What are the word formations we often use?Unit 5:Affixation;Compounding;Unit 5:Affixation;Compounding;Unit 6:Conversion;Blending;Shor
6、tening;Unit 6:Conversion;Blending;Shortening;Unit 7:Onomatopoeia;Back formation;Formation of nonce words;Loan Unit 7:Onomatopoeia;Back formation;Formation of nonce words;Loan word;Coinage word;Coinage Business English:A Reading CourseREADING SKILLS:INTRODUCE THE BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT BUSINESS ENGL
7、ISH READING 1.Affixation:1.Affixation:前缀法前缀法 Prefixation:Prefixation:加前缀加前缀 Suffixation:Suffixation:加后缀加后缀2.Compounding:2.Compounding:合成法合成法 Compound Nouns:Compound Nouns:复合名词复合名词 Compound Adjectives:Compound Adjectives:复合形容词复合形容词 Compound Verbs:Compound Verbs:复合动词复合动词 Compound Adverbs:Compound Adve
8、rbs:复合副词复合副词 Compound Pronouns:Compound Pronouns:复合代词复合代词 Business English:A Reading CourseUNIT 5READING SKILLS:INTRODUCE THE BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT BUSINESS ENGLISH READING 3.Conversion:3.Conversion:转化法转化法/Zero derivation/Zero derivation零位派生零位派生 e.g.doctor e.g.doctor 医生医生n.to doctorn.to doctor伪造伪造
9、v.v.4.Blending:4.Blending:混合法混合法/拼缀法拼缀法 1)1)前词首部前词首部+后词尾部后词尾部:teletelecast=television+broadcast cast=television+broadcast 电视广播电视广播 2)2)前词全部前词全部+后词尾部后词尾部:workworkaholic=work+alcoholic aholic=work+alcoholic 工作狂工作狂 3)3)前词首部前词首部+后词全部后词全部:heliheliport=helicopter+portport=helicopter+port首都机场首都机场 4)4)前词首部前
10、词首部+后词首部后词首部:interinterpol=international+policepol=international+police国际警察国际警察5.Shortening:5.Shortening:缩略法缩略法 1)clipped words 1)clipped words 缩略词缩略词 a.front clipping a.front clipping 截头截头teletelephonephone phone phone b.back clipping b.back clipping 去尾去尾 corpcorporation corporation corp c.front&ba
11、ck clipping c.front&back clipping 截头又去尾截头又去尾 in influfluenza flu;enza flu;2)acronym 2)acronym 首字母缩略词首字母缩略词WHO World Health OrganizationWHO World Health OrganizationBusiness English:A Reading CourseUNIT 6READING SKILLS:INTRODUCE THE BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT BUSINESS ENGLISH READING 6.Onomatopoeia6.Ono
12、matopoeia拟声词构词法拟声词构词法:1)1)直接直接:音与义基本吻合,能直接产生音义之间的互相联想,使音与义基本吻合,能直接产生音义之间的互相联想,使用频率高。用频率高。A.A.模仿动物的声音模仿动物的声音:grunt:grunt猪猪;croak;croak青蛙青蛙;hiss;hiss蛇蛇B.B.模仿物体的声音模仿物体的声音:rustle:rustle树叶沙沙声树叶沙沙声;hubble-bubble;hubble-bubble冒泡声沸腾声冒泡声沸腾声C.C.模仿人的声音模仿人的声音:giggle:giggle咯咯地笑咯咯地笑;sneeze;sneeze打喷嚏打喷嚏;snigger;sn
13、igger吃吃地笑吃吃地笑2)2)间接间接:非直接模拟事物的发声,但它们特别适合表达某种意义,非直接模拟事物的发声,但它们特别适合表达某种意义,能象征某种概念或意境,引起人们联想。如能象征某种概念或意境,引起人们联想。如m m是低沉的鼻音,是低沉的鼻音,它象征任何低沉声,如它象征任何低沉声,如murmur,mutter,mumblemurmur,mutter,mumble都表示嘟哝声都表示嘟哝声;humhum表示蜜蜂的嗡嗡声表示蜜蜂的嗡嗡声,moan,moan表示哀吟。表示哀吟。7.Back formation7.Back formation逆向构词法逆向构词法:去掉名词后缀构成动词,去掉名词
14、后缀构成动词,如:如:typewrite typewriter;sightsee sightseeing;typewrite typewriter;sightsee sightseeing;televise television televise televisionBusiness English:A Reading CourseUNIT 7READING SKILLS:INTRODUCE THE BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT BUSINESS ENGLISH READING 8.Formation of nonce words:8.Formation of nonce w
15、ords:杜撰式构词法杜撰式构词法 杜撰词,又称臆造词、临时语,是为了特定场合的需要而临时造的词。杜撰词,又称臆造词、临时语,是为了特定场合的需要而临时造的词。1)1)变形法:利用谐音来改变词的书写形式,达到以错字引人注意的效果。变形法:利用谐音来改变词的书写形式,达到以错字引人注意的效果。如如:Car Care Kar Care(Car Care Kar Care(汽车保养汽车保养);Cream Clean Kream Klean(Cream Clean Kream Klean(洗洁膏洗洁膏)2)2)增字法:增添字母或词缀,使词义延伸或变更。如:增字法:增添字母或词缀,使词义延伸或变更。如:
16、Good Goooooood Good Goooooood(太好了太好了);Literature Litterature(Literature Litterature(垃圾文学垃圾文学)。3)3)减字法:保留原词的发音,舍去不发音的字母或字母组合;语音拼写减字法:保留原词的发音,舍去不发音的字母或字母组合;语音拼写词。如:词。如:Day&Night Day&Nite(Day&Night Day&Nite(日夜营业日夜营业)disk jockey deejay()disk jockey deejay(音乐节目音乐节目主持人主持人)4)4)换字法:换字法:以以“近似近似”创造一种似是而非的效果,有
17、时也常以同音或近创造一种似是而非的效果,有时也常以同音或近音且本身有词义的单元替代某一单词的部分或全部而构成新词。如:音且本身有词义的单元替代某一单词的部分或全部而构成新词。如:penman punman(penman punman(说话模棱两可说话模棱两可);sleepwalking sleeptalking(sleepwalking sleeptalking(说梦话说梦话);dictionary pictionary(dictionary pictionary(图文词典图文词典)5)5)音义连动法:利用原词与生造词部分音节互换,构成音义连体的新词,音义连动法:利用原词与生造词部分音节互换,
18、构成音义连体的新词,达到含蓄幽默的效果。如:达到含蓄幽默的效果。如:daily egg daylay egg(daily egg daylay egg(当日下的蛋当日下的蛋);Have a);Have a nice trip,bye-bye!Have a nice trip,buy-buy!nice trip,bye-bye!Have a nice trip,buy-buy!6)6)仿化法:仿照原有的同类词而创造出对应词或近似词。如:仿化法:仿照原有的同类词而创造出对应词或近似词。如:Watergate Watergate Oilgate,Debategate,MonicagateOilgat
19、e,Debategate,Monicagate;landscape landscape cityscape,riverscape,moonscapecityscape,riverscape,moonscape等。等。Business English:A Reading CourseUNIT 7READING SKILLS:INTRODUCE THE BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT BUSINESS ENGLISH READING 9.Loan word9.Loan word外来词构词法外来词构词法:如:如:karoshi(karoshi(日语日语):过劳死;:过劳死;westp
20、olitik(westpolitik(德语德语):东欧国家的西方政策等。:东欧国家的西方政策等。10.Coinage10.Coinage创新式构词法创新式构词法:如:如:1)1)政治领域:政治领域:Ground ZeroGround Zero世贸废墟世贸废墟,the global coalition against terror,the global coalition against terror全球反全球反恐联盟恐联盟 political pluralismpolitical pluralism政治多元化政治多元化,bushismbushism布什执行的强硬政策等。布什执行的强硬政策等。2
21、)2)经济领域:经济领域:G-7 nations 7G-7 nations 7国集团国集团,cyclic/bubble economy,cyclic/bubble economy循环经济循环经济,bubble,bubble economyeconomy泡沫经济泡沫经济,kick-start,kick-start重新振兴重新振兴 3)3)科学领域:科学领域:domain namedomain name域名域名,remote log-in,remote log-in远程录入远程录入,netiquette,netiquette网络礼仪网络礼仪,virtual communityvirtual com
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