动名词,动词不定式(上课).ppt

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1、热身练习1.The old men enjoy _(listen)to the singing of the birds in the park.2.My sister is interested in _ in her free time.A.watch TV B.reading books C.listening music D.plays basketball3.Let me _(help)you _(water)the flowers.4.I saw him _ into the small store.A.went B.going C.to go D.has gone5.He is

2、good at_.A.singing B.sing C.sings D.to sing非谓语动词的概念非谓语动词的概念在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做动词形式叫做非谓语动词非谓语动词它不受人称和数的限制它不受人称和数的限制非谓语动词分为三种形式非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式：不定式：to+动词原形动词原形 动名词：动词原形动名词：动词原形+ing分词（现在分词和过去分词）分词（现在分词和过去分词）非谓语动词是每年中考的必考内容非谓语动词是每年中考的必考内容主要集中在对主要集中在对动词不定式动词不定式和和动名词动名词的考查的考查考点分析考点分析动名

3、词动名词:doing动词不定式动词不定式:to doGerund 动名词非谓语动词形式之一非谓语动词形式之一1.构成构成:动词原形动词原形+ingPlay-dance-playing dancing2.特征特征动名词的名词特征表现在它可在句子中当动名词的名词特征表现在它可在句子中当名词名词来用，在句中可以做的成分：来用，在句中可以做的成分：主语、宾语、表语、定语主语、宾语、表语、定语 1)作主语作主语Talking like that is not polite.Learning from others is important.特征特征Note:A.动名词作主语时，动名词作主语时，有时有时会

4、将真正主语（动名词）放到句会将真正主语（动名词）放到句尾，用尾，用it做形式主语，做形式主语，把动名词把动名词(真实主语真实主语)置于句尾作后置置于句尾作后置语。语。常用的结构有：常用的结构有：It is+n.+doing.It is+adj.+doing1.Swimming in this river is dangerous (主语？）It is dangerous swimming in this river.2.Waiting here is no use It is no use waiting here.(主语？）-动名词做主语时，不太常用动名词做主语时，不太常用it作先行主语，多

5、见于某些作先行主语，多见于某些形容词形容词及及名词名词之后。之后。适适用于用于it做形式主语的做形式主语的名词（短语）名词（短语）有：有：nouse,nogood,fun,awaste(oftime),agreatpleasure,等等适用于适用于it做形式主语的做形式主语的形容词形容词有：有：表示表示高兴的词高兴的词（better，wonderful，enjoyable nice,good,interesting）useless,worthwhile,foolish,dangerous，difficult，等。等。2）动名词动名词作表语作表语动名词动名词(短语短语)作表语用来作表语用来表示主

6、语表示主语的内容的内容。1.Her job is _（nurse)patients.2.My favorite summer sport is _(swim).nursingswimming特征特征3)3)动名词作动名词作宾语宾语 A.动词宾语：He admitted _(take)the watch.Would you mind _(turn)on the radio?takingturning特征特征只能接只能接-ing作宾语的动词作宾语的动词口诀：口诀：喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习 错过建议保持介意值得考虑错过建议保持介意值得考虑（押韵）（押韵）下

7、列动词后只能接动名词做宾语：错过,考虑,值得建议,完成,练习喜欢,想象,禁不住花费,保持,介意Miss，consider，worthsuggest，finish，practiseenjoy，imagine，cant helpspend，keep/keep on，mindI cant imagine _(marry)a girl of that sort.I sugggest_(buy)the dictionarymarryingbuying15.Would you mind my _(open)the door?既可接动名词又可接不定式的常用动词有：既可接动名词又可接不定式的常用动词有：rem

8、ember,forget,regret,mean,try等，但表达等，但表达的意义不同。的意义不同。1remember/forgetto do动作尚未发生动作尚未发生doing 动作已经发生动作已经发生Irememberseeingheratthehotel.我记得在宾馆见过她。我记得在宾馆见过她。(动作发生了动作发生了)Iwillremembertoseeheratthehotel.我记着要去宾馆见她。我记着要去宾馆见她。(动作尚未发生动作尚未发生)2.try to do 设法、努力去做，尽力设法、努力去做，尽力doing 试试去做（看有何结果）试试去做（看有何结果）Shetriedwash

9、ingherhairwithanewshampoo.她试着用一种新的香波洗头发。她试着用一种新的香波洗头发。Hetriedtoclimbthetree,buthecouldnot.他试图爬树，可爬不上去。他试图爬树，可爬不上去。3.mean to do 打算做（主语一般是人）打算做（主语一般是人）doing 意味着（主语一般是物）意味着（主语一般是物）4.regretto do对将要做的事抱歉对将要做的事抱歉doing 对已经发生的事感到后悔对已经发生的事感到后悔Iregrettotellyouthatyoucantpasstheexamination.我很遗憾地通知你你不能通过这次考试我很遗

10、憾地通知你你不能通过这次考试Iregretdisturbingyousolong.我很抱歉打扰了你那么久我很抱歉打扰了你那么久Imeanttogiveyouthisbooktoday,butIforgot.我本来打算今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了。我本来打算今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了。Thisneworderwillmean(us)workingovertime.这一个新定单意味着（我们）得加班加点这一个新定单意味着（我们）得加班加点.1、Thetwogirlsstoppedtalkingwhentheysawme.那两个女孩一见到我就停止了讲话。那两个女孩一见到我就停止了讲话。2、Thetw

11、ogirlsstoppedtotalktomewhentheysawme.这两个女孩一看到我就停下来和我讲话。这两个女孩一看到我就停下来和我讲话。5.stop to do停下去做另外一件事停下去做另外一件事doing 停止做手头的事情停止做手头的事情Thegardenneedswatering.Youneedtoworkhard.6.need todo(人做主语人做主语)某人需要做某事某人需要做某事doing（物做主语（物做主语)某物需要被某物需要被.1.别忘了离开时把灯关了。别忘了离开时把灯关了。Dont forget before leaving.2.父亲必须戒烟了。父亲必须戒烟了。Fat

12、her must stop .3.他看完电视后，继续看了一会书。他看完电视后，继续看了一会书。After he watched TV,he went on for a while.4.这辆自行车需要修理了。这辆自行车需要修理了。This bike needs_.to turn off the lightssmokingto readrepairing/mendingWhat is the function of gerund in the sentence?B.B.作介词的作介词的宾语宾语He is interested in_(sing)songs.He left the room with

13、out _(say)goodbye to us all.singingsaying注意：注意：to在下列短语中是在下列短语中是介词介词，常跟动名词作宾语。，常跟动名词作宾语。be/getusedtolookforwardtogetdowntopayattentiontodevoteoneselftoleadtocontributetoobjectto（反对）（反对）Letsgetdowntopreparingfortheexam.动名词用在下列词组后作宾语：动名词用在下列词组后作宾语：giveup,canthelp,feellike,beworth,bebusy,setabout,putoff

14、,thinkof，insiston等等Shecanthelpcryingatthesadsight.Doyoufeellikehavingabreak?I want to give you a birthday cake.小试牛刀小试牛刀1.Now more and more people are busy_ about the Internet.A.learn B.to learn C.learning D.learned 2.-Its too hot.Would you mind _the door?-_.Please do it.A.to open;OK B.opening;Certai

15、nly not C.opening;Of course D.to open;Good idea 3.No matter how hard it is,well keep_until we make it.A.failed B.failing C.tried D.trying 4.-Are you enjoying_in Ningbo?-Yes,we are.Very much.A.to live B.living C.lives D.lived 5 We couldnt help _(laugh)after we heard the funny story A.to laugh B.livin

16、g C.lives D.lived 4)做定语做定语动名词作定语放在所修饰的名词之前，表示所修饰的名词动名词作定语放在所修饰的名词之前，表示所修饰的名词的功能、作用。的功能、作用。No one is allowed to speak aloud in the _(read)room.A walking stickA stick for walkingreading特征特征Where is gerund?What is the function of gerund in the sentence?1.Beating a child will do more harm than good2.Do

17、you mind answering my question？3.To keep money that you have found is stealing4.No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room （作定语）（作定语）（作宾语）（作宾语）（作表语）（作表语）（作主语）（作主语）What is the function of gerund in the sentence?翻译：1.爬山真是有趣。Climbing mountains is really fun.=2.我们正考虑明天出去吃饭。(think of，eat out)We

18、 are thinking of eating out tomorrow.3.你的任务就是擦窗户。Your task is cleaning the windows.4.你介意为我们关窗吗？Do you mind closing the window for us?5.我们反对这样匆忙地离开。（objected to，in such a hurry）We objected to leaving in such a hurry.6.游泳池 候车室Climbing mountains is really fun.swimming poolwaiting roomNote:Note:动名词的复合结构

19、动名词的复合结构在一般情况下，句子的主语就是动名词的逻辑主语。Would you mind opening the window?(主语?)Would you mind my opening the window?(主语?)如果动名词的主语不是句子的主语，可在动名词前加物主代词、人称代词宾格、名词或名词所有格形式来表示动名词逻辑上的主语这样就构成了动名词的复合结构。Do you mind _(我 ）making a suggestion?_（they)coming to help was a encouragement to us.I dont like _(Mike)smoking.Jimm

20、ymeJimsTheirThemXMikesMikeJim我不介意他来I dont mind him coming.她讨厌年轻人抽烟。She hates young peoples smoking.Fill in the blanks with the correct form1.His job is _(teach).2.The nurses job is _(look)after the patients.3.This is a big _(swim)pool.4.She cant help _(laugh).5.I remember _(do)the exercise.6.I must

21、remember _(do)it.7._(swim)is good for health,but _(swim)in such a polluted river is harmful to health.teachinglookinglookingswimmingswimminglaughingdoingto doSwimmingto swim/to teach/to look动名词和动词不定式都有名词特征，句法功动名词和动词不定式都有名词特征，句法功能相似。能相似。动词不定式动词不定式 的构成的构成：(not)to+do(动词原形动词原形)动词不定式在句子可以做：动词不定式在句子可以做：主语

22、主语（Subject）表语表语（Predicative）宾语（宾语（Object）宾补（宾补（Object complement）定语（定语（Attributive）状语（状语（Adverbial）主语主语:不定式用作主语的用法不定式用作主语的用法To grow trees is very important.It is very important to grow trees.不定式作主语时不定式作主语时,往往放在谓往往放在谓语之后语之后,用用it作形式主语。作形式主语。Say in another way,using it.1.To learn from your friends is i

23、mportant.2.To leave without saying goodbye is impolite.3.To chat with Miss White is a pleasant thing.4.To walk to school takes me ten minutes.It is important to learn from your friends.It is impolite to leave without saying goodbye.It is a pleasant thing to chat with Miss White.It takes me ten minut

24、es to walk to school.It做主语的动词不定式句型做主语的动词不定式句型1.It+be+adj.+for/ofsb.todosth.for:adj.多为描述不定式行为的特征多为描述不定式行为的特征（important/necessary/interesting等等.）of:adj.多为多为描述主语的品质特征描述主语的品质特征（kind/nice/friendly/wise/foolish等等.）作主语作主语It is easy _ her to learn English well.It is clever _ you to solve the problem.offor2、

25、Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.我每天花去三个小时完成家庭作业。我每天花去三个小时完成家庭作业。Ittakesmethreehourstofinishthehomeworkeveryday.3、Itis+n.(forsb)todosth.ItismypleasuretohelpyouwithyourEnglish.练习：练习：对他来说，说英语很容易。对他来说，说英语很容易。对我们来说，努力学习是必对我们来说，努力学习是必 要的。要的。您能帮助我，真是太好了。您能帮助我，真是太好了。It is easy for him to speak English.It is neces

26、sary for us to study hard.It is very kind of you to help me.1、Itisnecessary_ustolearntowait.(of/for)2、Itwascareless_metobreakthecup.（of/for)3、Ittookthem1,000yuan_thistable.(buy)4、Itismypleasure_theboxforyou.(carry)tobuyforoftocarry练习练习5、轮到我们打扫教室了。、轮到我们打扫教室了。Itisourturn_6、Towastetimeistoshortenlife.（

27、翻译成中文）翻译成中文）tocleantheclassroom.浪费时间就是缩短生命。浪费时间就是缩短生命。练习练习表语：不定式放在bebe动词后面，用作表语Mydreamistoownarobot.Itsworkistocleantheroomeveryday.主语多为主语多为duty/wish/hope/idea/plan/ambition/dream/work/job等名词等名词，主语通常不是人。，主语通常不是人。动词不定式做表语的作用：动词不定式做表语的作用：说明主语内容说明主语内容Complete the following sentences.1.The doctors sugge

28、stion is _(take)more exercise.2.The best way is_(talk)toyourparents.3.His plan is _(今今年夏天年夏天到北京旅游到北京旅游).4.My purpose is _(帮你解决这个问题帮你解决这个问题).to taketo talkto travel to Beijing this summerto help you solve this problem 宾语：不定式放在及物动词后，用作宾语 They began to read and write.She forgot to close the door.常用动词不定

29、式作宾语的动词有：常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：want,plan,hope,learn,decide,would like,begin,start,try,need,forget,choose,agree,promise等等下列动词后只能接动名词做宾语：错过,考虑,值得建议,完成,练习喜欢,想象,禁不住忍受,保持,介意Miss，consider，worthsuggest，finish，practiseenjoy，imagine，cant helpStand，keep/keep on，mindI cant imagine _(marry)a girl of that sort.I suggge

30、st_(buy)the dictionarymarryingbuying15.Would you mind my _(open)the door?Complete the following sentences.1.I _(希望收到希望收到来信来信)you soon.2.John _(不想当不想当)the host of the charity show.3.Theyre _(试着解决试着解决)the problem by himself.4.Millions of people _(已学已学会使用会使用)computers.hope to hear fromdoesnt want to be

31、trying to solvehave learned to usethink/find/consider+it+adj.+to do 动词不定式作宾语动词不定式作宾语的注意事项（的注意事项（）不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成作形式宾语，构成“主语主语+动词动词+it+宾补宾补（形（形容词、名词）容词、名词）+不定式不定式”结构。如：结构。如：I found to talk to him again necessary.I found it necessary to talk to him

32、again.动词不定式做宾语的句式：动词不定式做宾语的句式：1）动词）动词+to do sth.A.Ihopetofinishittomorrow.B.Sheplanstogoandteachinthecountry.动词不定式做宾语的句式：动词不定式做宾语的句式：2 2、动词、动词疑问词疑问词+to do+to do I dont know_ next.She cant decide_.作宾语作宾语 2)她不能决定买哪本书。1)我不知道接下来该做什么。what to dowhich book to buy1、Dontforget_.(关灯关灯)2、Ihappened_whenhecalled

33、me.（出去）出去）3、Idontwant_.(依赖别人）依赖别人）4、Samislearning_.(怎样开车）怎样开车）5、Wepromise_theenvironment.(保护保护)toturnoffthelighttogoouttodependonothershowtodriveacar练习练习toprotect used to do 过去做某事过去做某事be used to do 被用来做某事被用来做某事be used to doing习惯做某事习惯做某事.动词不定式做宾语的句式：动词不定式做宾语的句式：作宾补作宾补A.A.动词动词 +宾语（宾语（sb./sb./sthsth.).

34、)+to do to do sthsth.作宾补作宾补:对宾语进行补充说明对宾语进行补充说明1)The teacher asked her to answer the question.2)The doctor told me to have a good rest.常用动词有：ask,tell,allow,want 等want sb to dowish sb to do get sb to doorder sb to do find sb to be like sb to do would like sb to dohelp sb to doComplete the following se

35、ntences.1.Mr Lu _(叫我们交叫我们交)our homework on time.2.The doctor _(建议建议 格林先生喝格林先生喝)more water.3.Mr Wu _(告诉告诉学生别嚷学生别嚷)in class.4.Mrs Read _(希望儿子希望儿子学学)English well.asks us to hand in advised Mr Green to drink tells the students not to shout wishes her son to learn动词多为感官动词、使役动词。动词多为感官动词、使役动词。一感：feel二听：hea

36、rhear,listen to三使：makemake,letlet,have四看：seesee,notice,watch,look atJohns mother makes him play the piano every day.被动：John _ play the piano every day.is made to.动词不定式做宾语的句式：动词不定式做宾语的句式：作宾补作宾补 B.B.动词动词 +宾语（宾语（sb./sb./sthsth.).)+do do sthsth.不带不带to的不定式的不定式help 可带to，也可不带tohelp sb(to)do sth在被动语态中则to 不能

37、省掉1、Lethim_theworkatonce.(finish/tofinish)2、Doyoulikelisteningtootherpeople_?(talk/talking/totalk)3、Jimwasseen_theroom.(enter/toenter)4、Pleasetellher_hereontime.(come/tocome)finishtalktoentertocome练习练习5、Illhelpyou_thisproblem.(tosolve/solve)6、Iwishyouwillstaywithus.(改改成简单句）成简单句）7、Herstorymadeuslaugh

38、.(改成被动句）改成被动句）(to)solveIwishyoutostaywithus.Weweremadetolaughbyherstory.感官动词感官动词(feel,listen to,hear,see,watch,look at,notice)后既可跟不带后既可跟不带to的不的不定式作宾补，也可跟定式作宾补，也可跟v-ing作宾补作宾补.前者表前者表示动作的全部过程已结束；后者表示动示动作的全部过程已结束；后者表示动作正在进行。作正在进行。I often hear her sing in the next room.I heard her singing just now.定语定语不定

39、式用作不定式用作定语定语1.不定式作定语时，应放在不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面被修饰词的后面。Wehavealotofhomeworktodo.2.如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系动宾关系，且动，且动词是词是不及物动词不及物动词，切记不要忘掉后面的，切记不要忘掉后面的介词介词。He is looking for a room to live in.There is nothing to worry about.Translation.1.Mr Wu is always the first to come and the last to lea

40、ve.2.There is no need to trouble him.3.Have you got anything important to tell me?4.Ive got nothing to worry about.5.Im thirsty.Give me something to drink.6.Spring is the best season to plant trees.7.We all have a chance to go to college.1 我有许多书要看。我有许多书要看。2 她有几个问题要问。她有几个问题要问。.我没什么可担心的。我没什么可担心的。I hav

41、e many books to read.She has a few questions to ask.I have nothing to worry about.、他是一个值得信赖的人。、他是一个值得信赖的人。、爱迪生是第一个发明电灯的人。爱迪生是第一个发明电灯的人。、他那生病母亲最多可活三个月。他那生病母亲最多可活三个月。He is a man to believe in.Edison was the first man to invent the lights.His sick mother has three months to live at most.1、原因状语、原因状语:主语主

42、语+be+adj.(表情感表情感)+todosth.(happy/gladangry/sorry/sad/afraid等等)Im sorry to hear that.Im glad to see you.V.不定式用作状语2 2、目的状语、目的状语Ask the question with the underlined wordsThe soldier ran into the room to save the girl._ _ the soldier run into the room?Why didTranslation:Many parents send their children

43、abroad_.(深造学习)to further their studies3 3、结果状语、结果状语too+adj./adv.+to do sth.adj./adv.enough to do sth.You are too young to do this job.He ran fast enough to catch the bus.常用句型：e to do sth.2.go to do sth.3.stop to do sth.4.in order(not)to do 5.too+adj.+to do sth.6.adj.adv.+enough to do sth.Complete so

44、me sentences:1、_(为了提高英语成绩为了提高英语成绩),TomgoestotheEnglishcornereveryday.2、Iwas_(太太累了，难于入睡。累了，难于入睡。)3、She ran fast_(为了赶上早班车为了赶上早班车).4、Heis_(富有富有得得可以买辆小汽车可以买辆小汽车).InordertoimprovehisEnglishtootiredtofallsleep.tocatchthefirstbusrichenoughtobuyacar.不定式不定式1.主主语语2.宾宾语语4.表表语语3.定定语语 7.状状语语5.宾宾补补 表表1:非谓语动词句法功能非谓语动词句法功能时时间间原原因因条条件件伴伴随随目目的的结结果果